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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of berberine on mic e macrophage polarization based on TLR 4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS :Using mice RAW 264.7 macrophage as the object ,atorvastatin calcium as positive control , inflammatory cell model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS);ELISA method was used to detect the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and NF-κB in cell culture medium after treated with low,medium and high doses of berberine (5,10,20 μmol/L)for 24 h. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88 in cells. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of TLR 4,MyD88,iNOS and CD 206 in cells. RESULTS :Compared with blank control group ,the contents of TNF-α,IL-6 and NF-κB in cell culture medium,mRNA expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88, protein expression of TLR 4,MyD88 and iNOS in cells were increased significantly in LPS induction group (P<0.05). Compared with LPS induction group ,the contents of TNF-α and IL-6,mRNA and protein expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88 in atorvastatin calcium group ,berberine medium-dose and high-dose groupsas well as the content of NF-κ B and protein expression of iNOS in administration groups were decreased significantly , while the content of NF-κB in berberine high-dose group was significantly lower than atorvastatin calcium group (P<0.05). The protein expressions of CD206 in atorvastatin calcium group and berberine high-dose group were increased significantly ,while the protein expression of CD 206 in berberine high-dose group was significantly higher than atorvastatin calcium group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS :Different doses of berberine can intervene in mice macrophage polarization to different extents ,the mechanism of which may be associated with the regulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been listed as the first carcinogen for gastric cancer by WHO.Recent studies have shown that HP infection is associated with a variety of tumors in other parts.This article introduces the current research on HP infection and intrahepatic/extrahepatic bile duct neoplasms from the aspects of classification and epidemiology of HP,association between HP and hepatobiliary tumors,and mechanism of tumorigenesis induced by HP,in order to provide a reference for further research on tumor etiology and diagnosis/treatment and improve the diagnosis/treatment and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma caused by HP.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of TIP30 and its relationship with clinico-pathological characteristics in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC).Methods:The expression of TIP30 in 78 cases of ECC tissues and 78 cases of para-cancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:The positive expression rate of TIP30 was 43.59% and 75.64% in ECC tissues and para-cancerous tissues,respectively.Differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05).The expression levels of TIP30 were not correlated with age,gender,degree of differentiation and tumor size(P>0.05),but correlated with lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and TNM staging(P< 0.05).The median overall survival of 78 ECC cases was 14.8 months,and it of TIP30 positive expression cases was 20.3 months,statistically higher than 11.5 months in TIP30 negative expression cases(P< 0.01).Conclusion:The downregulation of TIP30 is closely correlated with the development,metastasis and prognosis of ECC.TIP30 may be used as a molecular marker to identify and predict the progression,metastasis and prognosis of ECC.
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Objective To explore the impact of berberine on serum levels of insulin resistance and cytokines in schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone. Methods Sixty-four schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone were randomized to berberine group (n=31) and control group (n=33). The fasting plasma blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (Fins) were detected before and after treatment in two groups. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay before and after the treatment. Results Compared with control group and pre-treatment group, the levels of FBG, Fins, HOMA-IR, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased after treatment in berberine group (P 0.05). There was positive correlation between HOMA-IR and IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in berberine group (r=0.316, 0.351 and 0.401, P 1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone. The HOMA-IR level is closely correlated with IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-αlevels.