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Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanism of cystostomy on young rats′ bladders function.Methods:Eighty female SD rats were divided into cystostomy group, sham operation group (the two groups included day 1, 3, 5 after operation), control group(it included day 1, 3, 5 after operation) and medicine intervention group by using random number table, there were 8 rats in each group.Cystometry was conducted in cystostomy group (day 1, 3, and 5 postoperative subgroup), and voided interval (VI), voided volume (VV), postvoid residual urine (PVR), bladder capacity (BC), maximum bladder pressure (Pves.max), bladder threshold pressure (Pves.thr), and bladder compliance(△C) were recorded.The rats in sham operation and control groups voided freely in the condition of diuresis by intravenous infusion saline, and VV, PVR and BC were recorded.Bladders′ tissues were collected for HE staining and histopathological inflammation scores (HIS) after urodynamic investigations.In medicine intervention group, different doses of anisodamine were applied and the changes of VI, VV, PVR, BC, Pves.max and Pves.thr were observed.Results:The trend of VV, VI, BC and △C was upwards on days 1, 3, and 5 postcystostomy.Meanwhile, compared with control group [VV: (1.408±0.033) mL, BC: (1.411±0.032) mL], VV and BC on day 1 and 3 postcystostomy were less[VV: (0.288±0.059) mL, (0.598±0.154) mL; BC: (0.292±0.059) mL, (0.601±0.154) mL]. There were statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). However, VV, PVR and BC on day 5 postcystostomy were not different from that of control group(all P>0.05). HE staining demonstrated that the HIS of days 1 and 3 postcystostomy and day 1 post-sham operation were in severe inflammatory phase, with HIS >4 scores.Additionally, the inflammation on day 5 in cystostomy group and days 3-5 in sham operation group were mild (HIS<2 scores). The correlation test of BC and HIS was negative( r=-0.880, P<0.001). After the application of anisodamine on dose of 0.2 mg/kg, VI, VV and BC of the young rats on day 3 postcystostomy significantly increased, compared with those before intervention [(643.500±65.889) s, (1.073±0.110) mL, (1.076±0.110) mL vs.(367.938±77.697) s, (0.612±0.129) mL, (0.617±0.129) mL, all P<0.05], while PVR, Pves.max and Pves.thr did not significantly change compared with those before intervention. Conclusion:The recent abnormal changes of urodynamics postcystostomy were related to the traumatic acute bladder inflammation in the young rats.On day 5 after the surgery, the bladder function basically returned to normal with the regression of the acute bladder inflammation.Anisodamine at 0.2 mg/kg dose could effectively relieve the symptoms of overactive bladder postcystostomy.
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Objective To investigate the voiding patterns of term and preterm newborns and whether voiding in term and preterm neonates was accompanied by any cortical arousal. Methods Between May 2013 and September 2013,64 hospitalized newborns at Neonatal Intensive Cave Unit in the Frist Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were recruited in this study. In these patients,31 cases were term newborns(20 male,11 female)and 33 cases were preterm newborns(19 male,14 female). The term and preterm newborns gestational ages at birth were(38. 2 ± 1. 2) weeks and(32. 1 ± 1. 6)weeks,weighted(3. 3 ± 0. 4)kg and(1. 7 ± 0. 3)kg,respectively and postnatal ages at study were[4 - 16(10. 5 ± 3. 6)]days and[4 - 16(11. 2 ± 3. 1)]days. The voiding volume(VV),post - void residual volumes(PRV),body movement rate and voiding frequency(VF)in 4 hours as well as the volume of milk and liquid fed at the same time frame were recorded and analyzed,retrospectively. At the same time electrocardiogram(ECG)and electroencephalogram(EEG)were recorded. The changes of heart rate(HR),EEG frequency,respiratory frequency (RF)during the 5 s period and 30 s before and after voiding onset were compared respectively. For cortical arousal definition the recommendations of the International Pediatric Work Group on Arousals(2005)were used. Results A total of 184 times of voiding were recorded. In preterm newborns,the VV and body movements rate were significantly lower compared with the term newborns[(21. 8 ± 7. 9)mL and(41 ± 21)% vs(26. 4 ± 8. 7)mL and(62 ± 19)% , t = 3. 75,4. 20,all P ﹤ 0. 05]. However,the VF and PRV were significantly higher in preterm newborns[(1. 7 ± 0. 9) mL and(3. 2 ± 1. 1)times vs(1. 2 ± 0. 7)mL and(2. 6 ± 0. 9)times,t = 2. 47,2. 38,all P ﹤ 0. 05]. Bladder voiding in these infants happened only during QS. In term newborns,HR frequency was higher during the 5 s interval before and after voiding onset when compared with the 30 s period before voiding onset[(152 ± 6)times/ min and(152 ± 5) times/ min vs(147 ± 6)times/ min,t = 5. 30,5. 76,all P ﹤ 0. 05]and the EEG frequency[(2. 6 ± 0. 1)Hz and (2. 6 ± 0. 1)Hz vs(1. 5 ± 0. 1)Hz,t = 70. 0,70. 0,all P ﹤ 0. 05]. While the HR and EEG frequency of preterm neo-nate was not changed before and after bladder voiding onset. The RF of both term and preterm neonates were not changed before and after bladder voiding onset. Conclusions The voiding patterns between term and preterm were sig-nificantly different and cortical arousal was found only in term neonates,which indicate the term newborns have better mature bladder function and development of nervous system.
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Objective To evaluate the renal function response to vasopressin in obstructed and non-obstructed kidney in vasopressin-deficient rats by using dynamic enhanced MRI. Methods This study included 26 vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro(BB)rats.Unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model was set up in 12 BB rats.After releasing UU0 24 h,treatment of AVP was given in 7 non-obstrueted and 7 obstructed BB rats for 6 d.Seyen normal Wistar rats and 7 BB rats were used as control.Dynamic enhanced MRl was performed at 0-60 min following the administration of GadoliniumDTPA(0.05 mmol/kg)and the mean relative signal intensity(RSI)was measured. Results BB rats RSI increase occurred during the first minute,with a maximum mean RSI of(149±10)%in cortex,(155±13)%in medulla and(146±13)%in pelvis.Then,a gradual decrease in the cortical RSI occurred,after which a small increase was observed in Phase 3.BB rats RSI patterns were different from Wistar rats.After AVP treatment,mean RSI of BB rats in cortex,medulla and pelvis reached a maximum of(180±6)%,respectively at 30 sec,followed by a fast decrease at 1 min.Then,RSI decreased gradually.Phase 3 demonstrated a moderate increase in medullary and a relative large increase in pelvic RSI until 30 min after injection,after which RSI returned to baseline.BB rats RSI patterns after AVP treatment were similar to that of Wistar rats.Cortical,medullary and pelvic mean RSI increased slowly compared to non UUO rats.In phase 3,mean RSI of all segments decreased gradually.UUO rats RSI patterns were different from non UUO rats.After AVP treatment in UUO rats,mean RSIs of all segments increased faster compared to UUO rats without AVP.Cortical mean RSI reached a maximum of(193±7)% at 2 mim Mean RSI of medulla were unchanged,but the pelvic mean RSI deereased gradually to a minimum of(77±5)%at 5 min.Phase 3 was characterized by a slight recovcry of all RSIs.UUO rats RSIs were recovered after AVP treatment.The renal blood flow(RBF)of UUO rats was decreased to(1.1±0.1)m1·min-1·100g-1,wherease the RBF was increased to (1.9±O.3)ml·min-1·100g-1 after injecting AVP. Conclusion Dynamic enhanced MRI may provide useful information for distinguishing between kidneys having changes in the renal vasopressin concentration and the kidneys suffer from the obstructed renal damage.
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Objective To discuss clinical effects of transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP) for the treatment of large benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).Methods A total of 126 cases of large BPH were treated with TUVP.Two longitudinal trenches were made at the position of 6 and 12 o'clock,respectively.Then the lateral lobe was retrogradely dissected from the proximal end of the seminal colliculus and was removed.Results The international prostate symptom scores(IPSS) decreased from 28.6?4.5 preoperatively to 10.7?2.6 postoperatively(t=38.661,P=0.000);the quality-of-life scores(QOL) decreased from 5.3?0.7 preoperatively to(2.0?)0.5 postoperatively(t=43.061,P=0.000);the maximum urinary flow rate(Qmax) increased from 5.7?3.6 ml/s preoperatively to 18.2?4.2 ml/s postoperatively(t=-25.365,P=0.000);the resident urine(RU) decreased from 312.4?56.6 ml preoperatively to 32.8?9.2 ml postoperatively(t=54.732,P=0.000).There were significant differences in all these parameters between preoperatively and postoperatively.Threatened transurethral resection syndrome(TURS) occurred during operation in 2 cases.Postoperatively,transient urinary incontinence was observed in 5 cases.Conclusions Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate for the treatment of large BPH is effective and safe.