Correlations of anti-cardiolipin antibody and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody with ischemic stroke in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases / 中国基层医药

Objective:To correlate anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibody (aβ2GPI) with ischemic stroke (IS) in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs).Methods:A total of 104 patients with SADs who received treatment in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College during January to December 2019 were included in this study. They were divided into two groups whether they had IS (IS group, n = 42) or not (non-IS group, n = 62). aPL positive rate was qualitatively compared between the IS and non-IS groups. aCL and aβ2GPI expression levels were quantitatively compared between the IS and non-IS groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for IS in patients with SADs. Results:aPL positive rate in the IS group was significantly higher than that in the non-IS group [61.9% (26/42) vs. 40.3% (25 /62), χ2 = 4.66, P = 0.031]. The aCL-IgM and aβ2GPI-IgM levels in the IS group were (22.82 ± 27.27) RU/mL and (18.70 ± 23.95) RU/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the non-IS group [(13.34 ± 8.43) RU/mL, (7.61± 5.80) RU/mL, t = -2.18, -2.76, P = 0.034, 0.009]. Logistic regression analysis showed that aPL is an independent risk factor for IS ( P = 0.037). Conclusion:aCL and aβ2GPI are closely related to the occurrence of IS and are the independent risk factors for IS in patients with SADs.

Preparation of nanoemulsion spray from Moslae Herba volatile oil and its antibacterial activity / 中国中药杂志

Moslae Herba is a commonly used aromatic Chinese medicinal with volatile oil as the main effective component and exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects. However, the irritation and instability of Moslae Herba volatile oil necessitate the preparation into a specific dosage form. In this study, the steam distillation method was employed to extract the Moslae Herba volatile oil. The content of thymol and carvacrol in Moslae Herba volatile oil was determined by HPLC as(0.111 9±0.001 0) and(0.235 4±0.004 7) mg·mL~(-1), respectively. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and surfactants compounding were applied in the selection of the optimal excipients(surfactant and cosurfactant). On this basis, a nanoemulsion was prepared from the Moslae Herba volatile oil and then loaded into pressure vessels to get sprays, whose stability and antibacterial activity were evaluated afterward. With clarity, viscosity, smell and body feeling as comprehensive indexes, the optimal formulation of the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was determined as follows: Moslae Herba volatile oil∶peppermint oil∶cremophor EL∶absolute ethanol∶distilled water 7.78∶1.58∶19.26∶6.15∶65.23. The as-prepared nanoemulsion was a light yellow transparent liquid, with Tyndall effect shown under the irradiation of parallel light. It has the pH of 5.50, conductivity of 125.9 μS·cm~(-1), average particle size of 15.45 nm, polydispersity index(PDI) of 0.156, and Zeta potential of-17.9 mV. Under a transmission electron microscope, the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was presented as regular spheres without adhesion and agglomeration. Stability test revealed that the Moslae Herba volatile oil nanoemulsion was stable at 4-55 ℃, which was free from demulsification and stratification within 30 days. After the centrifugation at 12 000 r·min~(-1) for 30 min, there was no stratification either. The nanoemulsion had good inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and resistant S. aureus strains, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.39, 3.12 and 1.56 mg·mL~(-1), respectively. The above results demonstrated that the nanoemulsion was prepared feasibly and showed stable physical and chemical properties and good antibacterial effects. This study provides a practicable technical solution for the development of anti-epidemic and anti-infection products from Moslae Herba volatile oil.

Establishment of an antibacterially effective components fingerprint for quality evaluation of Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) / 药学学报

A chemical fingerprint is an important mean for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, there is much redundant information in a conventional fingerprint that can affect its availability and accuracy. In this work, the antibacterial biopotency of Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, HQ) was determined according to the parallel line method of quantitative response. HPLC was adopted to detect the chemical fingerprint of HQ; Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to identify the primary effective components. The results showed that the antibacterial biopotency of 15 batches of HQ ranged from 0 to 1 000 U·g-1 and the average potency was 556.29 ± 258.57 U·g-1 (1 U is equivalent to the bacteriostatic activity of 2.25 μg gentamicin). There were 34 characteristic peaks in the fingerprints of the samples and their similarities were 0.255-0.991. Eight components (P33, P30/baicalein, P19/baicalin, P15, P29, P34, P31/wogonin and P28) are positively related to antibacterial biopotency and selected from the top ten components of the grey correlation sequence to define the antibacterially effective components fingerprint of HQ. This fingerprint can clearly distinguish the commodity specification and grade, and can also characterize the morphology, components and the bacteriostatic potency differences of HQ. In summary, we established an antibacterially effective components fingerprint which provides simplified information on the antibacterial activity of Scutellariae Radix and could significantly improve the efficacy, specificity, and discriminative ability of the fingerprint for HQ, and could be a useful reference for the comprehensive quality evaluation of other TCM.

Relationship between endothelial damage and p120-catenin in paraquat intoxication and the protective effect of mangiferin / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between endothelial damage and p120-catenin (p120-ctn) in a model of paraquat intoxication,and the modulatory effect of mangiferin on p120-ctn.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in two compartment spreading apparatus in vitro.The endothelial cells were divided into three groups:control group (cultured in DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum),paraquat group (paraquat was added to the medium with final concentration of 0.05 μmol/L) and mangiferin group (cultured in medium with addition of paraquat for 30 minutes,then mangiferin was added in a final concentration of 20 μmol/L).The cellular permeability at 6,12,24,48,72 hours after culture in the three groups was measured.The expressions of p120-ctn 1A,p120-ctn 3A mRNA and p120-ctn protein were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot analysis.The distribution of p120-ctn protein was observed by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with control group,cellular permeability in paraquat and mangiferin groups were increased with prolongation of time,and peaked at 72 hours [(29.86 ± 3.98)％,(24.39 ± 2.79)％ vs.(11.71 ± 1.67)％,both P＜0.05].The cellular permeability was significantly lower in mangiferin group than that in paraquat group at different time points (all P＜0.05).At 6 hours after intoxication,the expressions of p120-ctn 1A,p 120-ctn 3A mRNA (gray value) and p 120-ctn protein (gray value) were significantly lower in paraquat group than those in control group (p120-ctn 1A mRNA:0.150 ± 0.024 vs.0.433 ± 0.024,p120-ctn 3A mRNA:0.316 ± 0.043 vs.0.701 ±0.020,p120-ctn protein:0.485 ±0.031 vs.0.763 ±0.038,all P＜0.01).The expressions of p120-ctn 1A,p120-ctn 3A mRNA and p120-ctn protein were significantly higher in mangiferin group than those in paraquat group from 6 hours on (p120-ctn 1A mRNA:0.281 ± 0.021 vs.0.150 ± 0.024,p120-ctn 3A mRNA:0.602 ± 0.042 vs.0.316 ± 0.043,p120-ctn protein:0.675 ± 0.031 vs.0.485 ± 0.031,all P＜0.01),and they were gradually increased with prolongation of time,and peaked at 72 hours (p120-ctn 1A mRNA:1.376 ±0.128 vs.0.150 ± 0.024,p120-ctn 3A mRNA:1.251 ± 0.059 vs.0.316 ± 0.043,p120-ctn protein:0.844 ± 0.050 vs.0.485 ± 0.031,all P＜ 0.01).Under upright fluorescence microscope,p120-ctn was mainly distributed in the cell membrane in control group,with a slight expression in cytoplasm,and no expression in the nuclei.With prolongation of time,p120-ctn expression in the cell membrane was gradually decreased in paraquat group,while it was increased in the cytoplasm and nuclei,with blurring of cell membrane and widening of cellular gap.p120-ctn expression was improved on the cell membrane in mangiferin group at corresponding time points,with decreased in expression in nuclei and cytoplasm.Conclusion The p120-ctn protein plays an important role in the enhancement of endothelial permeability in paraquat intoxication,and mangiferin may attenuate endothelial injury in paraquat intoxication possibly through modulation of p 120-ctn protein.