RESUMEN
Osteoporosis is a common disease of old age that affects millions of people worldwide. Besides, it has been a chronic disease difficult to treat in the elderly, so it is of great significance to develop new drugs for the treatment of senile osteoporosis. The endocannabinoid system contains cannabinoid ligands, endocannabinoid receptors, and enzymes required for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, which play an important role in bone metabolism. Preclinical studies using endocannabinoid system-based therapies in animal models and in vitro have shown that endocannabinoid systems can prevent senile osteoporosis and highlight their therapeutic potential for senile osteoporosis. In this paper, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKY, and Wanfang databases were searched for articles related to the endocannabinoid system and osteoporosis. This paper analyzed the pathogenesis of senile osteoporosis (such as calcium, active vitamin D3 deficiency or insufficiency, sex hormone deficiency, cell function decline and secondary to chronic diseases, etc.), and reviewed the various components of the endocannabinoid system and their application in osteoporosis by regulating bone homeostasis in recent years, providing a new direction for the clinical treatment of senile osteoporosis.
RESUMEN
Objective:To explore the functional connection (FC) changes of default mode network (DMN) with the patients who have clinically remitted from major depressed disorder (MDD) and the brain imaging basis of the rehabilitation mechanism of major depression.Methods:Seventeen right-handed outpatients in the medical and psychological ward of Nanjing Brain Hospital who met the inclusion criteria were recruited by psychiatrists.MDD subjects after enrollment were scanned by resting-state functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) in baseline period(rMDD) and a 6-month follow-up period (sMDD). Tweenty-two healthy controls (control group, HCs group) matched with the MDD group in gender, age, and educational level were recruited and given the same resting fMRI scan.The independent component analysis (ICA) was used to extract DMN brain regions of rMDD, sMDD and HCs in resting state separately and to compare the changes of DMN functional connectivity in full remitted MDD patients.Results:The DMN data showed that the functional connectivity of right orbital middle frontal gyrus(MNI: x, y, z=3, 54, -9), right posterior cingulate(MNI: x, y, z=6, -51, 30), and precuneus(MNI: x, y, z=9, -54, 27) in the rMDD was significantly higher than the HCs group, and no functional connectivity in the rMDD was found to be lower than that in HCs group.Furthermore, no significant difference been found between the sMDD and HCs group.Compared with the rMDD, the functional connectivity of orbital middle frontal gyrus(MNI: x, y, z=3, 54, -9) and left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (MNI: x, y, z=-3, 66, 12)in the sMDD was significantly lower than that in the rMDD, and the functional connectivity of left angular gyrus in the sMDD(MNI: x, y, z=-57, -57, 33) was significantly higher than that in the rMDD.Conclusion:The DMN network has not fully returned to its normal level though the posttreatment Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score was lower than 7 points, and the injury of FC is still recovering in the following 6 months, suggesting that the recovery of the DMN network function was delayed in the full remission of clinical symptoms, and is related to the recure of MDD.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To study the changes in the functional connections of the central executive network in patients with depression after clinical cure.@*Methods@#Seventeen depression patients who met the clinical cure standard (patient group) and twenty-two healthy controls (control group) were selected.The baseline rs-fMRI data were collected from the healthy control group and the patient group respectively, and the rs-fMRI data in the patient group were collected again after 6 months.Compared the changes of central executive network function connection between the two groups.@*Results@#At baseline, there was a high functional connection in the left inferior parietal lobule(MNI: x, y, z=-39, -69, 33)and right insula(MNI: x, y, z=15, -45, 30) in the patient group compared with the control group.Compared with the baseline, there were high functional connections in part of the left inferior parietal lobe (MNI: x, y, z=-60, -48, 21) and the right dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (MNI: x, y, z=24, 18, 60), and low functional connections in part of the left inferior parietal lobe (MNI: x, y, z=-51, -69, 18) in patient group 6 months after clinical cure.Compared with the control group, there was a high functional connection in the right dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (MNI: x, y, z=45, 51, -6) and the right inferior parietal lobe (MNI: x, y, z=42, -48, 27) in patient group 6 months after clinical cure.@*Conclusion@#The functional connection of central executive network of depression patients has not been restored, and the related abnormality is not stable in six months after reaching the clinical cure standard.