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OBJECTIVE@#The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and explore the underlying mechanisms of Longxue Tongluo Capsule (LTC) on ischemic stroke rats.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups, including sham group, sham + LTC group, MCAO group, and MCAO + LTC group. Ischemic stroke rats were simulated by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and LTC treatment group were orally administrated with 300 mg/kg of LTC once daily for seven consecutive days. LTC therapy was validated in terms of neurobehavioral abnormality evaluation, cerebral infarct area, and histological assessments. The plasma metabolome comparisons amongst different groups were conducted by UHPLC-Q Exactive MS in combination with subsequent multivariate statistical analysis, aiming to finding the molecules in respond to the surgery or LTC treatment.@*RESULTS@#Intragastric administration of LTC significantly decreased not only the neurobehavioral abnormality scores but also the cerebral infarct area of MCAO rats. The interstitial edema, atrophy, and pyknosis of glial and neuronal cells occurred in the infarcted area, core area, and marginal area of cerebral cortex were improved after LTC treatment. A total of 13 potential biomarkers were observed, and Youden index of 11 biomarkers such as LysoPC, SM, and PE were more than 0.7, which were involved in neuroprotective process. The correlation and pathway analysis showed that LTC was beneficial to ischemic stroke rats via regulating glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism, together with nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. Heatmap and ternary analysis indicated the synergistic effect of carbohydrates and lipids may be induced by flavonoid intake from LTC.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study could provide evidence that metabolomics, as systematic approach, revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of TCM, and investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical treatment of LTC on ischemic stroke.
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OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Xuesaitong soft capsule on the complement-inflammatory receptor system in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. METHODS A total of 92 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method ，with 46 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given basic treatment programs （including low-salt and low-protein diet ，quitting smoking and alcohol ，appropriate exercise ， lowering blood pressure ，blood sugar and lipid ，etc.）. The patients in the observation group took Xuesaitong soft capsules orally on the basis of the treatment of the control group ，0.55 g each time ，3 times a day. The treatment course of both groups was 4 weeks. Compare the renal function of the two groups of patients [24 h urine protein quantification ，serum creatinine （Scr），blood urea nitrogen，glomerular filtration rate （GFR）]，fasting blood glucose ，glycosylated hemoglobin ，complement factors [C3，C5， complement factor H （CFH），C5b-9]，inflammatory factors [interleukin 1（IL-1），tumor necrosis factor α（TNF-α），IL-6，monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1（MCP-1）]，renal tubular injury markers [β2-microglobulin（β2-MG），retinol binding protein 4（RBP4）， neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin] levels；correlation between renal tubular damage and complement-inflammatory receptor system was analyzed in the observation group before and after treatment. RESULTS Compared with before treatment ，24 h urine protein quantity ，Scr，C3，IL-1，TNF-α，MCP-1，β2-MG and RBP 4 of 2 groups were reduced significantly after treatment ，while GFR and CFH were significantly increased ；except for C 3，the observation group was significantly better than the control group （P＜ 0.05）. C 5 of the observation group was significantly decreased after treatment and was significantly lower than the control group （P＜0.05）. There were no statistically significant 60979837。E-mail：shanght126@126.com differences in other indicators of the two groups before and after treatment and between groups （P＞0.05）. C 3，MCP-1 and TNF-α were significantly correlated with renal tubular com damage （P＜0.05），and esp ecially C 3. CONCLUSIONS Xuesaitong soft capsule can reduce renal tubular damage in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and improve renal function by acting on the complement system and reducing inflammation.
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BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (BMSCs) with differentiation ability can be used to treat kidney injury. Epimedium has good anti-inflammatory and immune restoration ability. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of epimedium with BMSC transplantation on rat’s kidney disease caused by adriamycin nephrosis. METHODS:Fifty rats were equivalently randomized to receive no treatment in control group, tail vein injection of normal saline plus intragastric injection of normal saline in model group, tail vein injection of BMSCs plus intragastric injection of epimedium decoction in combined group, tail vein injection of BMSCs in BMSCs group, and intragastric injection of epimedium decoction in epimedium group. Rat models of adriamycin nephrosis were made in the latter four groups through tail vein injection of doxorubicin hydrochloride, while rats in the control group were only given the same volume of normal saline. Twenty-four hours after modeling, rats in the latter four groups began to be given the corresponding treatments. Epimedium decoction was given in the combined and epimedium groups at a dose of 1 mL/d, for consecutive 1 week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the model group, mitigated kidney injury and reduced urinary protein level were found in rats undergoing BMSCs and/or epimedium decoction treatment; the levels of plasma albumin and catalase were significantly increased in the combined group and epimedium group, while the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde decreased; the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor β1 in the kidney tissues was dramaticaly declined in the combined group and BMSC group. To conclude, the combined use of epimedium and BMSCs is superior to their use alone in the treatment of kidney disease.