Pathologic features of paraspinal muscle biopsies in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To characterize the paraspinal muscles of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients, and to further explore its etiology.@*METHODS@#Clinical records and paraspinal muscle biopsies at the apex vertebra region during posterior scoliosis correction surgery of 18 AIS were collected from November 2018 to August 2019. Following standardized processing of fresh muscle tissue biopsy, serial sections with conventional hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and histochemical and immunohistochemical (IHC) with antibody Dystrophin-1 (R-domain), Dystrophin-2 (C-terminal), Dystrophin-3 (N-terminal), Dystrophin-total, Myosin (fast), major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC-1), CD4, CD8, CD20, and CD68 staining were obtained. Biopsy samples were grouped according to the subjects' median Cobb angle (Cobb angle ≥ 55° as severe AIS group and Cobb angle < 55° as mild AIS group) and Nash-Moe's classification respectively, and the corresponding pathological changes were compared between the groups statistically.@*RESULTS@#Among the 18 AIS patients, 8 were in the severe AIS group (Cobb angle ≥55°) and 10 in the mild AIS group (Cobb angle < 55°). Both severe and mild AIS groups presented various of atrophy and degeneration of paraspinal muscles, varying degrees and staining patterns of immune-expression of Dystrophin-3 loss, especially Dystrophin-2 loss in severe AIS group with significant differences, as well as among the Nash-Moe classification subgroups. Besides, infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the paraspinal muscles and tendons was observed in all the patients while CD20+ cells were null. The expression of MHC-1 on myolemma was present in some muscle fibers.@*CONCLUSION@#The histologic of paraspinal muscle biopsy in AIS had similar characteristic changes, the expression of Dystrophin protein was significantly reduced and correlated with the severity of scoliosis, suggesting that Dystrophin protein dysfunctions might contribute to the development of scoliosis. Meanwhile, the inflammatory changes of AIS were mainly manifested by T cell infiltration, and there seemed to be a certain correlation between inflammatory cell infiltration, MHC-1 expression and abnormal expression of Dystrophin. Further research along the lines of this result may open up new ideas for the diagnosis of scoliosis and the treatment of paraspinal myopathy.

Analysis of work stress and its influencing factors among nursing staff in Tianjin City / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the current situation of work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: From August to October 2020, 26002 nursing staff from tertiary hospitals, secondary public hospitals, secondary private hospitals, primary hospitals, and other medical institutions in Tianjin City were selected as objects, and their general situation and working stress situation were surveyed by the general information questionnaire and the Nurse's Work Stressor Scale. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of work stress among nursing staff. Results: The average age of 26002 nursing staff was (33.86±8.28) years old, and the average working years were (11.84±9.12) years. There were 24874 women (95.66%) and 1128 men (4.34%). The total score of work stress was (79.82±21.69), and the average score of workload and time allocation dimension was the highest (2.55±0.79). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status (β=-0.015, P=0.014), employment form as contract system (β=0.022, P=0.001), post as clinical nursing (β=0.048, P<0.001), education level (β=0.024, P<0.001), age (β=0.050, P<0.001), working years (β=0.075, P<0.001), and professional title (β=0.036, P<0.001) were the influencing factors of work stress, which explained 22.8% of the total variation in work stress of nursing staff (F=24.25, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The work stress among nursing staff in Tianjin City is high, the corresponding departments and nursing managers should adopt scientific management methods to reduce the workload of nursing staff according to the influencing factors of work stress, so as to create a good atmosphere for further promoting the healthy development of nursing career and nursing industry in the new era.

Establishment of a platelet production model by bone marrow cavity transplantation of mouse primary megakaryocytes / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To establish an intramedullary transplantation model of primary megakaryocytes to evaluate the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Methods: Donor megakaryocytes from GFP-transgenic mice bone marrow were enriched by magnetic beads. The platelet-producing model was established by intramedullary injection to recipient mice that underwent half-lethal dose irradiation 1 week in advance. Donor-derived megakaryocytes and platelets were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results: The proportion of megakaryocytes in the enriched sample for transplantation was 40 to 50 times higher than that in conventional bone marrow. After intramedullary transplantation, donor-derived megakaryocytes successfully implanted in the medullary cavity of the recipient and produce platelets, which showed similar expression of surface markers and morphology to recipient-derived platelets. Conclusion: We successfully established an in vivo platelet-producing model of primary megakaryocytes using magnetic-bead enrichment and intramedullary injection, which objectively reflects the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.

Mechanisms of Ersi Decoction on Rheumatoid Arthritis Rats Induced by Bovine Type Ⅱ Collagen-solution / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe that effect of Ersi decoction on rats with rheumatoid arthritis （RA） induced by using the complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion containing bovine type Ⅱ collagenand and elucidate underlying menchanisms involving to inhibit inflammation and joint synovial angiogenesis. MethodThe rat model of RA was established by immune induction with complete Freund's adjuvant emulsion containing bovine type Ⅱ collagen. All male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， RA model group， methotrexate group（1.0 mg·kg-1）， and low-， medium- and high-dose group（30，15，7.0 g·kg-1·d-1）of Ersi decoction， with 8 rats in each group. Except the blank group， rats in the methotrexate group and Ersi decoction groups were given corresponding doses of methotrexate and Ersi decoction after establishment of RA induced by strengthen immunity，respectively，and those in the model group and blank group received normal saline of equivalent volume，once a day for 28 days. After the administration， the degree of joint swelling of rats in each group was analyzed by joint swelling volume and index. The small animal ultrasound imaging system was used to detect the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb of rats and hematoxylin-eosin（HE）staining to observe the histomorphological changes in joint synovium of rats. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） and interleukin-1β（IL-1β） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyze the expression of CD31 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2（VEGFR2） in in joint synovium. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group demonstrated significant increase in joint swelling volume and index， inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β in serum， the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb， obvious pathological changes in the synovium and the expression of CD31 and VEGFR2 in joint synovium. Medium and high-dose Ersi decoction significantly alleviated the pathological changes of synovium tissue， attenuated joint swelling volume and index and decreased the expression of CD31 and VEGFR2 in joint synovium as compared with the model group. Moreover， high-dose Ersi decoction showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum， and the score and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint in right lower limb. But medium-dose Ersi decoction only showed lower levels of TNF-α and area of synovial hyperplasia of knee joint. ConclusionErsi decoction could reduce synovial inflammation and hyperplasia through inhibiting synovial angiogenesis in rats with RA induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen for achieving the effect of reducing RA joint damage， which provides an important reference for anti-RA of Ersi decoction in clinical application.

Research progress of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease, which will cause a series of complex pathophysiological changes and activate a variety of signaling pathways including Notch signaling. Studies have evidenced that activation of the Notch signaling pathway is not conducive to nerve repair and symptom improvement after spinal cord injury. Its mechanisms include inhibiting neuronal differentiation and axon regeneration, promoting reactive astrocyte proliferation, promoting M1 macrophage polarization and the release of proinflammatory factors, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Therefore, it has become a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit Notch signal as a target in the treatment of spinal cord injury. In recent years, some researchers have used drugs, cell transplantation or genetic modification to regulate Notch signaling, which can promote the recovery of nerve function after spinal cord injury, thereby providing new treatment strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury, and at the same time review the research progress in the treatment of spinal cord injury by modulating Notch signaling pathway in recent years, so as to provide new research ideas for further exploring new strategies for spinal cord injury.

Advances in olfactory ensheathing cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a highly disabled neurological disease, and there is still a lack of effective treatments. Studies have proved that olfactory ensheathing cells are one of the ideal seed cells for promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal germination and elongation through secretion, interaction with astrocytes, regulation of inflammatory reaction, migration characteristics, myelination, anti-oxidation, lipid regulation and other channels. Thus olfactory ensheathing cells play the role of neuroprotection and nerve repair. In recent years, some studies have used bioengineering, tissue engineering, reprogramming and other technologies to enhance the efficacy of olfactoryensheathing cells from different aspects, thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for optimizing the cell therapy of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells in repairing spinal cord injury, and review the progress of optimizing strategy of olfactory ensheathing cells in treating spinal cord injury recently, so as to provide new research ideas for the further developing the repair potential of olfactory ensheathing cells and optimize the cell therapy effect of spinal cord injury.

Effect of fluoride varnish on primary teeth in children aged 3-6 years in Huangpu District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To evaluate the implementation process, and cost-effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing primary caries project for children aged 3-6 years in Huangpu District.This would provide the basis for the popularization of fluoride varnish project in preschool children as a basic measure of caries prevention in community health service. Methods From 2016 to 2017, children aged 3-6 years old from 12 kindergartens in Huangpu District were varnished by fluoride twice a year.Three-years-old children in 12 kindergartens were divided into intervention group and control group according to the baseline survey results.The intervention group was implemented according to the established norms, while the control group was implemented according to the routine requirements.Follow-up examinations were conducted after 4 interventions to monitor primary caries increment among these children. Results Caries rate, average caries index and SiC in children aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 years were all dropped after fluorination in year of 2018.The caries rate of 5-year-old deciduous teeth decreased from 58.8% in 2015 to 45.0% in 2018.The dental caries rate in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and the frequency of fluoride application per capita was higher than that in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the rate of fluoride application and average caries index between the two groups (P > 0.05).The direct input-output ratio of the project is 1 : 5.16. Conclusion Fluorinated caries prevention project using fluoride varnish for preschool children can effectively reduce the incidence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and has good economic benefits.The application of standard fluorine coating on preschool children′s deciduous teeth can affect caries prevention.

Effects of Ganoderma Triterpenoids on Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats with Epilepsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To study the effect of Ganoderma triterpenoids combined with exogenous monosialoteterahexosyl ganglioside (GM1) on cognitive dysfunction in rats with epilepsy. Methods:A total of 75 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into blank control group, epileptic model group, Ganoderma triterpenoids group, GM1 group and GM1 combined with Ganoderma triterpenoids group (combination group), with 15 rats in each group. All the groups, except the blank control group, were intraperitoneally injected with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) 35 mg/kg once a day for 28 days. Medication groups were given corresponding administration based on daily intraperitoneal injection of PTZ. They were tested with Morris Water Maze; and were observed with transmission electron microscopy and HE staining for hippocampal neurons. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of actin-binding protein (Cofilin), synaptophysin (SYN) and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) mRNA in hippocampus of rats. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the escape lantency prolonged in the epileptic model group in all the time points (P < 0.05). Compared with the epileptic model group, the escape lantency shortened in the treatment groups somewhen (P < 0.05). Compared with the epileptic model group, the number of crossing the platform increased in the treatment groups (P < 0.01), and the time of staying in the target quadrant prolonged (P < 0.01); while the number of pyramidal cells increased, the nuclear lysis and fragmentation reduced, the structure of neurons and the number of synapses improved， as well as the organelle structure. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of Cofilin mRNA increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of SYN mRNA and GAP-43 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the epileptic model group; compared with the epileptic model group, the expression of Cofilin mRNA decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of SYN mRNA increased (P < 0.05) in all the treatment groups, while the expression of GAP-43 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) only in the combination group. Conclusion:Ganoderma triterpenoids, GM1 and their combination can improve the learning and memory abilities of epileptic rats, which may be associated with increasing the expression of SYN and GAP-43, decreasing the expression of Cofilin, to promote the synaptic remodeling of hippocampal tissue and protect brain neurons from PTZ-induced epilepsy.

Research progress of PI3K/Akt pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy / 中国药理学通报

Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a type of primary cardiomyopathy caused by diabetes, changing in the structure and function of the myocardium, which is distinguished from secondaiy cardiomyopathy resulted from coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, and viruses. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is an important signal transduction pathway in human body involved in the growth and reproduction of body. Regulatory factors of the PDK/Akt signaling pathway include silencing information regulator 1, homologous phosphatase-tensin, glycogen synthase kinase 3(3 and the rapamycin target protein. The role of PDK/Akt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of DCM includes regulating blood sugar level, regulating lipid metabolism, protecting endothelial cells, reducing inflammatory response , improving cardiac function, resisting fibrosis, and regulating myocardial apoptosis. The development of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway inhibitors provides the possibility for PDK-Akt pathway targeted therapy. This article reviews the progression of the PDK/Akt pathway in DCM.

Effect of Shenling Baizhu San on Expressions of NLPR3, NLPR6 Protein and Related Inflammatory Factors in Mice with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect and related mechanism of Shenling Baizhu San on 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. Method: Sixty male SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group, salazosulfapyridine (SASP, 0.52 g·kg-1), and low, medium and high-dose (31.2, 15.6, 7.8 g·kg-1) Shenling Baizhu San groups. Except for the control group, mice in the other groups were given distilled water containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium salt for a week to establish UC models. The drug was administered once a day for 14 days. The normal group and the model group were administered with 0.9%physiological saline at 20 mL·kg-1. The mice's body weight, fecal traits, and occult blood were observed daily, and the disease activity index (DAI) was scored. After the end of the administration, the blood was collected, mice colons were collected, weighed and measured for length, and pathological sections were prepared. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to detect the serum levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β in mice; htoxylin eosin (HE) and alixin blue/schiff periodic acid shiff(AB/PAS) staining were used to observe the pathological changes of colon tissues; Western blot was used to detect the colon tissue of mice nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLPR3), NLPR6 protein expression levels. Result: Compared with the normal group, the DAI score of the model group was increased (PPβ content increased (PPPβ concentration was decreased (PPPPConclusion: Shenling Baizhu San has the effect in treating DSS-induced UC mice, which may be related to the regulation of NLRP3, NLRP6 protein and related inflammatory factors, so as to reduce intestinal inflammation and alleviate intestinal mucosal damage.

Study on the Quality Control Index System of Pharmaceutical Care in Medical Institutions Based on Delphi Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the level of pharmaceutical care in medical institution， and realizing the precision of pharmaceutical care. METHODS： A sampling survey of third grade class A hospitals in Guangxi was conducted on the basis of Guangxi Hospital Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center. Based on the results of literature analysis and international standard， by using Delphi method， the expert consultation form was issued by E-mail and field investigation； the results of four rounds of expert consultation were analyzed and summarized. Pharmaceutical care quality control index system was established in medical institutions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： All experts （100％） agreed that pharmaceutical care in medical institutions was very important and required a quality control index system. Finally， 5 first-level indicators （including the construction of pharmaceutical care management organizational framework， rational drug use management， pharmaceutical care professional capacity management， pharmaceutical care monitoring management and characteristic pharmaceutical care management） and 26 second-level indicators were fitted according to results of expert consultation. Among first-level indicators， the indicators of “the construction of pharmaceutical care management organizational framework”， “rational drug use management” and “pharmaceutical care professional competence management” were generally considered as important quality control indicators by experts； the proportion of “very important” and “important” were 96.65％， 100％ and 100％. Among second- level indicators， the indicators of “organization construction”“system construction”“prescription drug use management”“hospitalization medical order review”“adverse drug reaction monitoring”“medicine knowledge”“clinical knowledge” were generally considered as important quality control indicators by experts； the proportion of “very important” and “important” were 95.65％， 95.65％， 100％， 95.66％， 96.65％， 100％ and 91.30％. The quality control index system of pharmaceutical care in medical institutions fitted by this research institute is authoritative. Now， 15 medical institutions in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have been pilot implemented after audited and finalised by Guangxi  Hospital Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center.

Improvement Effects of Panax Notoginsenosides on Renal Fibrosis in Cisplatin-induced Renal Injury Rats and Its Effects on the Expression of Renal Fibrosis Related Factors / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To study improvement effects of Panax notoginsenoside（PNS） on cisplatin-induced renal injury model rats and its effects on related factors. METHODS： Totally 72 SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， positive drug group and PNS low-dose， medium-dose， high-dose groups， with 12 rats in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given cisplatin via tail vein （3 mg/kg×4 times） to establish renal injury model. Since the first day after the first injection of cisplatin， positive group was given anfostine solution intraperitoneally （1.0 mg/kg）； PNS groups were given PNS solution intraperitoneally （15.63， 31.35， 62.70 mg/kg）； blank group and model groups were given constant volume of normal saline 0.2 mL， for consecutive 60 d. The 24 h urine of rats was collected； the contents of β-N-acetylaminoglycosidase（NAG） and 24 h urine protein （Upro/24 h） were detected； the serum contents of Scr and BUN were detected. mRNA and protein expression of CTGF， TGF-β1， Col-1， TIMP-1 and PAI-1 in renal tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， the contents of NAG and Upro/24 h in urine， serum contents of Scr and BUN， mRNA and protein expression levels of CTGF， TGF-β1， Col-1， TIMP-1 and PAI-1 in renal tissue were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with model group， the contents of above urine and serum biochemical indicators were decreased significantly in PNS groups； mRNA expression of CTGF and TGF-β1 and protein expression of CTGF， TGF-β1， Col-1 and TIMP-1 in renal tissue of rats in PNS groups， mRNA expression of Col-1 in PNS high-dose group， and mRNA expression of TIMP-1 and protein expression of PAI-1 in PNS medium-dose and high-dose groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with positive group， the contents of NAG and Upro/24 h in urine were decreased significantly in PNS medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： PNS can effectively improve the renal function of cisplatin-induced renal injury model rats， and relieve cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis by decreasing the expression of renal fibrosis related factors as CTGF， TGF-β1， Col-1， TIMP-1 and PAI-1 in renal tissue.

Effects of HMGB1 siRNA on the apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells in high glucose environment / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of HMGB1 small interference RNA (siRNA) on retinal vascular endothelial cells.Methods siRNA was used to inhibit the expression of HMGB1,followed by the application of CCK8 assay,Hochest33342 staining and flow cytometry to observe the effects of HMGB1 siRNA on retinal vascular endothelial cells in high glucose environment.Meanwhile,the expression of proteins related to apoptosis was detected by Western blot.Results The transfection of HMGB1 siRNA down-regulated the protein expression level of HMGB1 by 73％ in siRNA group compared with normal control (NC) group (P ＜ 0.05),and the protein expression level of HMGB1 in siRNA group was decreased by 75％ compared with scr-siRNA group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between NC group and scrsiRNA group (P ＞ 0.05).The total apoptotic rate of NC group,high-glucose group,scrsiRNA group and siRNA group was (0.40 ± 0.03)％,(49.80 ± 3.50)％,(47.60 ±1.98) ％ and (23.60 ± 2.40) ％ by flow cytometry.Compared with NC group,the apoptotic rates of high-glucose group,scr-siRNA group and siRNA group were increased (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with scr-siRNA group,the apoptotic rate of HRECs in siRNA group was reduced,with significant statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the rate of cell apoptosis between scr-siRNA group and high-glucose group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the NC group,the protein expression level of cleavedcaspase3 protein in high-glucose group and scr-siRNA group were increased by (233 ±10) ％ and (266 ± 22) ％,respectively (both P ＜ 0.05);compared with scr-siRNA group,the protein expression level of cleaved-caspase 3 in siRNA group was reduced by (43 ±3) ％ (P ＜ 0.05);and there was no significant difference in the protein expression of cleaved-caspase 3 in high-glucose group and scr-siRNA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the NC group,the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) in high-glucose group and scr-siRNA group was decreased by (32 ± 2) ％ and (29 ± 3) ％,accordingly (both P ＜ 0.05);compared with scr-siRNA group,the protein expression level of Bcl-2 in siRNA group was increased by (42 ± 2) ％ (P ＜ 0.05);and there was no significant difference in the protein expression of Bcl-2 in high-glucose group and scr-siRNA group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion HMGB1 siRNA can reduce the apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells in high glucose environment by inhibiting the activation of cleavedcaspase3 and increasing the expression of Bcl-2.

The computer-aided design and manufacturing of individualized miniscrew surgical guides based on a high-precision three-dimensional integrated digital maxillodental model / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Surgical guides designed based on a three-dimensional cone-beam CT (CBCT) model have been reported. However, CBCT cannot remodel fine soft tissue such as gums, and it can only be used to design a simple dental retainer with relatively poor stability. OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-precision three-dimensional (3D) integrated maxillodental model by matching CBCT model with 3D digital maxillodental model using 3D automatic registration method, based on which, we designed and manufactured individualized miniscrew surgical guides. METHODS: CBCT maxillodental models and laser-scanned dentition models obtained from six malocclusion cases were matched and overlapped using the 3D automatic registration method to fabricate the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Then, we accurately positioned and virtually implanted a micro-implant into the 3D integrated maxillodental model. Subsequently we prepared a high-precision individualized resin surgical guide by rapid prototyping technology. The inner diameter of the guide track was detected by a vernier caliper. Patients tried on the resin surgical guide, and then occlusion condition, guide seating and retention were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Due to the high-precision registration of the model, all the resin surgical guide plates were suitable. The plate retention was enhanced after tooth clinching, and all the patients felt comfort when wearing the surgical guide plate, with no compression or other discomforts. The inner diameter of the guide track was (1.79±0.23) mm, and the measurement error was not statistically significant (P >0.05). These findings demonstrate that the high-precision surgical guide plate based on the high-precision 3D integrated model can provide the foundation for further investigations on the clinical application of surgical guides.

Role of BET Bromodomain in Hematopoietic Differentiation from hESCs / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) bromodomain in hematopoietic differentiation from human enbryonic stem cells (hESC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of BET hematopoietic inhibitor I-BET151 on hematopoietic differentiation from hESC was detected by using a monolayer hematopoietic defferentiation model, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and real-time PCR; moreover the role of I-BET151 in process of hematopoietic differentiation was explored by adding I-BET151 in different differentiation stages.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The analysis results of immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and real-time PCR showed that I-BET 151 significantly inhibited the generation of CD43 positive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). It was found that the addition of I-BET 151 in different stages, including APLNR lateral plate mesoderm production, CD34CD31 hemogenic endothelium (HEP) generation and endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, significantly suppressed the generation of CD43 positive hematopoietic progenitor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>I-BET 151 inhibites hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs at several stages, suggesting that the BET bromodomain plays important roles in multiple stages of hematopoietic differentiation from hESCs.</p>

Clinical effect observation of Bairui Granules combined with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets in treating acute tonsillitis / 中草药

Objective To observe the curative effect of Bairui Granules combined with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets in treating acute tonsillitis. Methods A total of 200 patients with acute tonsillitis treated in Dongfang Hospital from February to November in 2017 were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group according to the random number table method. A total of 100 cases in the control group was treated with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets, 100 cases in the treatment group received Bairui Granules combined with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets, each group was treated for 5 d as one course. The clinical symptoms and signs improving time of two groups were observed and the therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Result In the treatment group, the time of heat withdrawal and sore throat disappeared was significantly less than that of the control group (P < 0.01); After one course of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In the two groups, there was no adverse reaction during the treatment. Conclusion Bairui Granules combined with amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets had the advantages of short course and higher effect in the treatment of acute tonsillitis.

Mechanisms and therapies of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndrome / 天津医药

@#Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is a kind of bone marrow failure disease. Thrombocytopenia in patients with MDS is a frequent causes of mortality in MDS with 37% to 67% incidence. Thrombocytopenia in MDS is an independent factor predicting worse prognosis associated with increased risk of acute leukemic transformation (AML) and reduces overall survival. In addition, thrombocytopenia in MDS limits the therapeutic efficacy of disease-modifying therapies, such as azacitidine or lenalidomide. Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in MDS are complicated, involving suppression of megakaryocytic differentiation, enhanced apoptosis, and increased platelet destruction. Platelet transfusion is still the standard treatment option for MDS combined with thrombocytopenia. Recently, novel thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists have showed curative effect in MDS patients in many clinical trials, including reducing bleeding events, decreasing dependency on platelet transfusions and increasing clinical benefits of disease-modifying therapies. Several clinical trials are ongoing to assess the efficacy and safety of novel TPO receptor agonists; the results would further help guide treatment for thrombocytopenia in MDS.

Effects of Panax Notoginsenosides on Proliferation and Oxidation Indices of Cisplatin-induced Nephroxicity in HK-2 Cells / 中国药师

Objective:To study the effects of panax notoginsenosides on the proliferation and oxidation indices of cisplatin-induced nephroxicity in HK-2 cells. Methods:HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro till the number was up to 1 × 106/ml. The cells were inoculated in 96-well culture plate and randomly divided into six groups:normal saline ( NS) group,the model group, the positive control group and the high dose group , medium dose group and low dose group of panax notoginsenosides ( PNS) . The nephroxicity model was dupli-cated with the addition of cisplatin (the final concentration was 6. 25μg·L-1). The model group, positive control group and the three panax notoginsenosides groups was treated with saline solutions, amifostine, panax notoginsenosides at the dose of 100,50 and 25 mg· L-1 , respectively. The cell viability was detected with an MTT method, the content of MDA and the activity of SOD, GSH-PX and LDH were measured and the cell structure was observed. DCFH-DA was used as the fluorescence probe to detect the level of ROS by a fluorescence microplate reader. Results:Compared with those in the model group, the cell viability and the activity of SOD and GSH-PX in the three PNS groups and the positive control group significantly increased (P<0. 05);the content of MDA, the level of ROS and the activity of LDH significantly decreased (P<0. 05); the cell structure was significantly improved. Conclusion: PNS can pro-mote the proliferation of HK-2 cells in vitro, and improve the biochemical parameters and enzyme levels. The results suggest that PNS has a protective effect on HK-2 cell,and the protective mechanisms may be related with its antioxidant effect.

Relationship between Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level and Efficacy of Inhaled Corticosteroid in Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome Patients with Different Disease Severity

This study explored the relationship between the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACOS) patients with different disease severity. A total of 127 ACOS patients with ACOS (case group) and 131 healthy people (control group) were enrolled in this study. Based on the severity of COPD, the ACOS patients were divided into: mild ACOS; moderate ACOS; severe ACOS; and extremely severe ACOS groups. We compared FeNO levels, pulmonary function parameters including percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to predicted value (FEV1%pred), ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), inspiratory capacity to total lung capacity (IC/TLC) and residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC), arterial blood gas parameters, including PH, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), induced sputum eosinophil (EOS), plasma surfactant protein A (SP-A), plasma soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), sputum myeloperoxidase (MPO), sputum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores. Compared with pre-treatment parameters, the FeNO levels, RV/TLC, PaCO₂, total serum IgE, induced sputum EOS, plasma SP-A, sputum MPO, sputum NGAL, and CAT scores were significantly decreased after 6 months of ICS treatment, while FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC, IC/TLC, PH, PaO₂, plasma sRAGE, and ACT scores were significantly increased in ACOS patients with different disease severity after 6 months of ICS treatment. This finding suggests that the FeNO level may accurately predict the efficacy of ICS in the treatment of ACOS patients.

DMSO Promotes Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the hematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The role of DMSO in hematopoietic differentiation of hESC was investigated by using a established stepwise hematopoietic differentiation system from hESC, immunofluorescouse assay and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the window phase of DMSO action was explored by adding it to the different stage of hematopoietic differentiation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis showed that DMSO significantly promoted the generation of CD43hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). The flow cytometry demonstrated that DMSO profoundly promoted the generation of APLNRlateral plate mesoderm cells and CD31CD34hemogenic endothelium progenitors (HEP). The addition of DMSO in the window phase of lateral plate mesoderm cell generation could markedly improve the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DMSO promotes hematopoietic differentiation of hESC through enhancing the generation of APLNR positive lateral plate mesoderm cells. The addition of DMSO in the window phase of lateral plate mesoderm cell generation can significantly improve the generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.</p>