Exploration and practice of innovative teaching of molecular biology experiment course under the context of new agricultural science / 生物工程学报

The development of new agricultural science is a new idea and a new measure that aims to deepen the reform of higher education in agriculture and forestry for the development of new agriculture, new countryside, new farmers and new ecosystem. It is therefore essential for the current undergraduate experimental teaching reform to timely introduce new technologies and new methods used in the development of agriculture and forestry industry into the experimental course teaching, and promote the integration of professional education with innovation and entrepreneurship education, according to the requirements of the new agricultural science. In view of this, the exploration and practice of molecular biology experiment course was carried out from the perspective of experimental projects, teaching modes and evaluation methods, according to the teaching requirements and characteristics of molecular biology experiment and teachers' scientific research achievements. The results showed that this reform greatly improved the students' comprehensive quality and innovation ability and may facilitate the innovation experiment teaching of other courses.

Effect of Jianpi Yichang Powder on NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-l Signaling Pathway in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Jianpi Yichang power on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasome signaling pathway in a rat model of ulcerative colitis （UC）. MethodSixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group （n=10） and an experimental group （n=50）. The experimental group received 5% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） solution freely for 7 days to induce UC， and then they were further randomly divided into model group， sulfasalazine （0.3 g·kg-1） group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose Jianpi Yichang power groups （54.4， 27.2， 13.6 g·kg-1） for continuous treatment of 14 days. The general condition of the rats was observed and recorded daily， and the disease activity index （DAI） was scored before and after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-18 （IL-18） in the serum of rats in each group. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the colon tissue. Immunohistochemistry， Western blot， and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the positive protein expression， protein expression， and mRNA expression of NLRP3， apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC）， and cysteine aspartate-special proteases-1（Caspase-1） in the colon tissue. ResultCompared with the condition in the normal group， the general condition of rats in the model group was relatively poor， with increased DAI scores （P<0.01）， pathological changes in the colon， increased levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum （P<0.01）， and enhanced positive protein expression， protein expression， and mRNA expression of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 in the colon tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the condition in the model group， the general condition of rats in the Jianpi Yichang power groups at various doses improved significantly， with reduced DAI scores （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated pathological changes in the colon as revealed by HE staining， and reduced protein expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the colon tissue （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18， and ASC protein expression in the colon， as well as the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1， decreased in the high- and medium-dose Jianpi Yichang power groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The positive protein expression levels of NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 were reduced in the high-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.01）. The positive protein expression levels of ASC and Caspase-1 were reduced in the medium-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.05）. The mRNA expression level of ASC was reduced in the low-dose Jianpi Yichang power group （P<0.05）. ConclusionJianpi Yichang power can reduce colon immune inflammatory damage by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway， thereby exerting a role in treating UC.

Formulation of expert consensus on clinical application of external ethnic medicine: taking Baimai Ointment as an example / 中国中药杂志

The concept of ethnic medicine is divided into a broad sense and a narrow sense. The broad concept refers to the traditional medicine of the Chinese nation, and the narrow concept refers to the traditional medicine of Chinese ethnic minorities. The external medicine is one of the main forms of ethnic medicine, and it is also the important content of ethnic medicine for external use, which is widely used in clinical practice. As the theory of ethnic medicine is unique, the application methods have certain characteristics, which are the key technical parts of clinical practice. However, the existing traditional Chinese medicine consensus formulation me-thods cannot meet the needs of the consensus formulation of the external ethnic medicine. Therefore, the methods suitable for expert consensus on external ethnic medicine are required. This article took Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment as an exa-mple, and explorde a reasonable, effective, multi-dimensional, and multi-stage method to formulate expert consensus on the external ethnic medicine. In this research, three-dimensional sources of information, including ancient classics, clinical research evidence, and expert application experiences, were systematically and scientifically collected. After organization and analysis, the information was formed into comprehensive evidence. In a formal consensus meeting, part of the recommendations reached consensus. As to the issues that did not reach agreement, in-depth interviews were used to explore the reasons for the differences and resolve the disagreements. Finally, unanimous recommendations were reached. There are common problems during the formulation process of Expert opinion on clinical application of Baimai Ointment. This study is expected to provide references for the formulation of expert consensus on other external ethnic medicine.

Soy isoflavones inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by Ap, -42 through NF-kB p65 signaling pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effeet of soy isofla- vones (SI) on p-amyloid 1 -42 ( Ap, _42 ) -induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis and the underlying mechanism.Methods The prima¬ry hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro were divided into control group (control), Ap,_42 treatment group f model) , SI low-dose group ( Sl-L, 10 mg • L 1 ) , and SI medium-dose group (SI-M, 20 mg • L_l ) and SI high-dose group (SI-H, 40 mg • L 1 ).The model group was treated with 30 (xmol • L"1 Ap, _42 for 48 h; the SI-L, SI-M and SI-H groups were treated with SI for 2 hours, and Ap,_42 was treated for 48 h; the con¬trol group was routinely cultured for 48 h.MTT method was used to detect the survival rate of hippocampal neurons; TUNEL staining was used to detect the apop¬tosis rate of hippocampal neurons; Western blot was used to detect COX-2, TNF-a, NF-kB p65 , P-NF-kB p65, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression levels.Results Compared with the control group, the surviv¬ al rate of hippocampal neurons was significantly re- duced (P <0.01) , and the apoptotie rate significantly increased (P<0.01).COX-2, TNF-a, p-NF-KB p65 , caspase-3 protein expressions markedly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ) , and the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly decreased in the model group ( P <0.01 ).Compared with the model group, the surviv¬al rate of hippocampal neurons, Bcl-2 protein in-creased, and the apoptotic rate, the expression of COX-2, TNF-a, p-NF-KB p65 , caspase-3 protein de¬creased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ) in SI each dose group.Conclusion SI can reduce the hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis induced by APi _42 by inhibiting the activation of NF-kB p65 signa¬ling pathway.

Effect of LSG on insulin resistance and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with obesity / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:By comparing the changes of metabolic parameters before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastectomy (LSG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated to evaluate the effect of metabolic surgery on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.Methods:LSG treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 54 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, detection of preoperative and postoperative 1 month, 6 month of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), measuring blood pressure, body weight, calculating body mass index, and according to the steady state evaluation model and the formula for calculating HOMA-IR and AIP. Before and after surgery, paired t test was used, and Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:FPG, FINS, TG, HOMA-IR and AIP were (6.38±2.03) mmol/L and (5.36±1.33) mmol/L, (20.42±25.77) uU/mLand (11.22±3.62) uU/mL, (1.94±2.81) mmol/Land (1.70±2.33) mmol/L, (5.60±7.52) and (2.58±0.80), (0.15±0.27) and (0.08±0.25) ,which were significantly lower than those before surgery ( P<0.05) ,HDL-C was (1.04±0.20) mmol/L and (1.10±0.18) mmol/L at 1 and 6 months after operation, respectively, which was higher than that before operation ( P<0.05) .Preoperative correlation analysis showed that AIP was positively correlated with FPG, TG and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( P<0.05) .The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that FPG, TG and HDL-C were independent influencing factors of AIP ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:LSG surgery can effectively reduce the blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with obesity, improve insulin resistance and reduce the plasma atherosclerosis index.

A case of severe hookworm infection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

With the improvement of sanitation, the infection rate of hookworm is greatly reduced and the severe infected case is rarely reported. Combined morphological and molecular biological examinations, a severe hookworm infection patient was diagnosed in Department of Laboratorial Examination, Quanzhou First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The morphological methods such as direct fecal smear microscopy, saturated brine flotation and hookworm larvae culture methods were used to identify the eggs and larvae from stool samples of the patient. There were a large number of hookworm eggs in patient's stool samples, and the average count was 60 840 per gram by modified Kato method, which belonged to severe hookworm infection. Meanwhile, to distinguish the hookworm species, the semi-nested RT-PCR assay was employed to detect hookworm internal transcribed spacer series from eggs in patient's stool samples, and the result showed that the hookworm species was confirmed to be Necator americanus.

Systematic review of efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 in treatment of ischemic stroke / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract 50(GBE50) in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The databases including CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trial(RCT) of GBE50 for the treatment of ischemic stroke reported between database inception and May 2020. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated via the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The RevMan 5.4 was used for Meta-analysis. Sixteen RCTs were included, involving 1 615 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Most of the included RCTs reported the methods of random sequence generation, but only two performed the concealment of random sequence. All RCTs failed in blinding. Two RCTs reported the information of cases lost to follow-up and drop-outs. Since the number was small, the baselines of groups remained balanced. All RCTs reported key outcomes of ischemic stroke, which made selective reporting bias in a low risk. Meta-analysis results revealed that GBE50 combined with routine therapies could effectively lower the score of the National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) and restore cognitive function and daily activity in ischemic stroke patients. Compared with routine therapies, the combination is advantageous in treating patients with ischemic stroke. However, high-quality multicenter RCTs with large sample sizes are still required for verification.

Systematic review on clinical efficacy and safety of Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster for soft tissue injury / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster in the treatment of soft tissue injury. Four Chinese databases(namely CNKI, WanFang, VIP, CBM) and 2 English databases(namely PubMed, Cochrane Library) were retrieved from the establishment of each database to March 2019. The randomized controlled trials of Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster compared with routine therapy in treatment of soft tissue injury were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool. Five studies were included, and 367 patients were enrolled. None of the included studies reported randomized concealment, blinding, follow-up and dropping off. The results showed that Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster may have advantages in alleviating joint pain, swelling, tenderness and dysfunction and other symptoms, with no serious adverse reaction. Compared with routine therapy, Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster may have advantages in the treatment of soft tissue injury. However, due to the quality of the included RCTs, the conclusions of this study were limited. In addition, to produce high-quality evidences for the clinical application of Cheezheng Pain Relieving Plaster, the conclusions of this study shall be further verified with large-sample, scientifically designed and strictly implemented clinical trials.

Bibliometric analysis and quality assessment of clinical evidence on Xiaotong Tiegao / 中国中药杂志

Many clinical studies on Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao have been accumulated since it was launched in 1993,but they have not been comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. This study systematically retrieved relevant studies in six databases at home and abroad as of December 2017. This study analyzed the statistics of the included studies in several aspects,including publication time,region,fund,disease category and type of study. In this study,various tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies,such as the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials,MINORS,IHE,AMSTAR2.The results showed that the literatures were mainly published from 2010 to 2011,and a total of 28 projects were financially supported.The most involved disease was arthropathy. The randomized controlled trials were the majority in the included studies,but the quality was low,and most of the literatures didn't report the allocation concealment and blinding. This study comprehensively reflected the current situations and shortcomings of the clinical studies of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao,and put forward several suggestions,in the expectation of providing a reference for the future clinical research direction of Cheezheng Xiaotong Tiegao.

Serum microRNA-381: A Potential Marker for Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the potential early diagnostic value of serum microRNA-381(miRNA-381) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and early gastric cancer (EGC), as well as healthy individuals, were enrolled in this study. Expression of miRNA-381 in serum was detected using real-time quantitative PCR. Electrochemiluminescence analysis was used to investigate the expression of classic tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigen (CA) 199, CA724, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Finally, receiver operating characteristic curve and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine the value of miRNA-381 in clinical diagnosis of GC. RESULTS: miRNA-381 was differentially expressed among the study groups. AUC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum miRNA-381 in the diagnosis of GC were superior to those of other tumor markers. Furthermore, low levels of miRNA-381 expression were positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and AGC. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that down-regulation of miRNA-381 was associated with lymph node metastasis and the development of GC. CONCLUSION: miRNA381, which was down-regulated in GC, might be a novel early diagnosis marker for patients with GC.

Clinicopathological Analysis of Children's Systemic EBV-Positive T-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical and pathologic features as well as prognosis of systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma in children.@*METHODS@#The clinical data including clinical manifestation, pathologic changes and treatment in 16 patients with children's systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively, and follow-up of patients were carried out.@*RESULTS@#The 16 cases included 12 males and 4  females with median age of 3.3 years old. It was demonstrated that the clinical and pathological features of the children's systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma were as followed fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow or organ. Histologically, the structures of lymph node was normal, partially or completely destoryed. The paracortical zone was expanded with prominent infiltration of small to medium-sized atypical lymphocytes. The major immunophenotypic characteristics were as follows: (1) Almost all biopsies exhibited prominent T cell proliferation. (2) CD3 was expressed in 16 patients (100%, 16/16), CD4 in 5 patients (31.3%, 5/16)，CD5 in 13 patients (81.3%, 13/16)，CD7 was expressed in 11 patients (68.8%, 11/16)，CD8 in 15 patients (93.8%, 15/16)，CD4 and CD8 were expressed in 5 patients (31.3%, 5/16)，CD4 and CD8 double-negative in patients (6.3%, 1/16)，16 patients were CD56 negative (100%, 16/16). (3) TCR gene cloning rearrangement in 16 patients (93.8%, 15/16). (4) EBV-EBER was expressed in 16 patients (100%, 16/16). 11 out of 16 cases died, 1 cese failed to be followed up, 1 case relapsed，and 3 cases survived, reseptively. The media survival time was 4 months.@*CONCLUSION@#Systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma predominantly occurred in childhood and early teen-age, and lacks specific clinic features, usually combined with hemophagocytic syndrome. The confirmed diagnosis requires comprehensive analysis of clinical manifestation, pathomorphology, immunohistochemical detection, EBV-EBER insite hybridization, and TCR gene test. The overall prognosis of the disease is poor and the fatality rate is high.

Mycorrhizal Diversity Associated to Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. in China

Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) is the second largest family of angiosperms. It’s the "flagship" group in plant protection. The existence of orchid plant is closely related to mycorrhizal fungi. The relationship between orchids and their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi is a benefit to the protection and population restoration of orchids. Aims: The research was aimed to study molecular identification about 15 strains of mycorrhizal fungi from 6 plots by rDNA ITS technology in order to understand and utilise the mycorrhizal fungi of Liparis japonica (Miq.) Maxim. Study Design: The mycorrhizal fungi collected from different geographical locations were isolated and purified from the mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic with Liparis japonica in Northeast China, which were identified by rDNA ITS, meanwhile computed evolutionary distance and constructed the phylogenetic tree. Place and Duration of Study: In 2017, the root segments of Liparis japonica were collected separately from Qianshan, Changbaishan, Gaoguan, Guanmenshan, Dongling, Daqinggou. Methodology: Fifteen strains of mycorrhizal fungi collected from six plots were identified by rDNA ITS. Using DNAMAN software to analyse, the pairwise homology was compared by using the optimal global sequencing option. The evolutionary distances of fifteen strains were calculated by MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) software package and their phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbour-joining method. Results: With primers ITS1 and ITS4, the 15 mycorrhizal fungi strains of rDNA ITS got about 600 bp length. ITS length was about 582-613 bp, in which ITS1 length was about 177-190 bp, and ITS2 length was 246-273 bp. The mycorrhizal fungi strains were highly homology separated from one plot, mostly above 90%. The plots from the south to the north were as follows: Qianshan, Guanmenshan, Gaoguan, Dongling, Changbaishan, Daqinggou in China. Fifteen strains after separated and purified were identified to be the Epulorhiza of Orchid Rhizoctonia blasted with Genbank. The homology of the strains gradually decreased affected by the difference of the north and the south, namely there was an increasing trend of diversity from south to north. Conclusion: The homology of mycorrhizal fungi from one plot was higher because of the same soil environment and climate environment and so on, and strain type was single. Under the influence of microclimate in Northeast China, the homology of strains decreased gradually in the sample area, that is, the diversity gradually increased from the south to the north.

The application of genetic testing in pediatric epilepsy / 中华检验医学杂志

Pediatric epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in childhood,and it has a huge impact on the patients′life and their families.There has been rapid development in the knowledge of epilepsy genetics.Several genetic tests are now available for clinical practice.This is important for the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and genetic counseling.The modern genomic technologies for the diagnosis of patients with genetic epilepsies are reviewed.The potential challenges of the interpretation of the genetic reports are also discussed.

Correlation between Ameliorated Kawashima Itch Scale and Visual Analogue Scale / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To preliminarily validate the clinical usability of the ameliorated Kawashima Itch Scale(Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale) among adult pruritic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale was developed on the basis of Kawashima Itch Scale. Patients were asked to record their pruritus condition according to Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale or visual analogue scale(VAS) during daytime and night for two weeks. The record at the second week was used for analyzing the correlation between Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale and VAS. Results Totally 134 patients were enrolled in this study,among whom 128 entered the final analysis. Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale was positively correlated with VAS(r=0.832,95% CI=0.810-0.851,P<0.01 for daytime record;and r=0.848,95% CI=0.828-0.865,P<0.01 for night record). Subgroup analysis also showed similar correlations between different age groups and among different gender groups. Conclusion Xie-Kawashima Itch Scale has good correlation with VAS in patients on hemodialysis,without being affected by age or gender. Thus,it can be a useful tool for the assessment of pruritus in clinical practice and research.

The practice and thinking of the formative assessment and the flipped classroom of medical immunology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The flipped class model is student-centered,which turns the traditional "teaching firstlearning behind" into the "learning first-teaching behind".The flipped class model can improve students' autonomous learning ability and other abilities.This article introduces the application of the flipped class in the course of medical immunology,including the course content selection,building QQ group learning platform,the production and release of independent learning resources,enactment of the task order and learning requirements,the design and implementation of classroom teaching activities and so on.The review and reflection of the formative assessment is also carried out.Through the reflection of the problems in the teaching,it is expected to lay the foundation for the promotion of the overturned class.

Protective effect of Zhenrenyangzang decoction on intestinal mucosal bar-rier function in ulcerative colitis rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Zhenrenyangzang decoction (ZRYZ) on the intestinal mucosal barrier function and the expression of tight junction proteins,zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin,in the co-lon of rats with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis in order to explore the possible mechanism involved. METHODS:Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, salazosulfapyridine (SASP) positive control group,high-dose ZRYZ(ZRYZ-H) group and low-dose ZRYZ(ZRYZ-L) group. Except the nor-mal group,the rats in other groups were given the TNBS/50% ethanol mixed solution by enema to make the ulcerative coli-tis model. The rats in positive control group were given SASP suspension liquid. The rats in ZRYZ-H group and ZRYZ-L group were orally administered with ZRYZ at doses of 30.4 g/kg and 15.2 g/kg, respectively, while the rats in normal group and model group were orally administered with saline. All the drugs were administered to the rats for consecutive 21 d. Disease activity index (DAI) was investigated during the drug treatment, and colon samples were collected after drug administration for evaluating morphological damage score. Intestinal mucosal permeability was measured by detection of lac-tulose/mannitol (L/M) in urine. Colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and goblet cell number,serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA) levels, and the colonic expression of ZO-1 and occludin were also measured. RE-SULTS:Compared with normal group,DAI,morphological damage score,L/M value,colonic MPO activity as well as se-rum D-LA and DAO levels in model group significantly increased(P<0.05),while goblet cell number as well as the ex-pression levels of ZO-1 and occludin in model group were significantly reduced(P<0.05). Compared with model group, DAI,morphological damage score,L/M value,colonic MPO activity as well as serum DAO and D-LA levels in ZRYZ-H group and ZRYZ-L group were reduced significantly(P<0.05),while goblet cell number as well as the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in ZRYZ-H group and ZRYZ-L group increased significantly(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:ZRYZ protects the intestinal mucosal barrier function in ulcerative colitis rats by reducing intestinal mucosal permeability,and its mecha-nisms may be related to increasing the expression of ZO-1 and occludin.

Monitoring of antiplatelet therapy and changes of mean platelet volume after percutaneous coronary intervention in the patients with coronary heart disease / 临床检验杂志

Objective To compare the consistency of thrombelastography (TEG) and light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) in monitoring the antiplatelet therapy of the patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI),and observe the changes of mean platelet volume (MPV) of the patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel after PCI.Methods A total of 177 patients undergoing PCI and the treatment of aspirin and clopidogrel in Peking University First Hospital during March 2014 and May 2015 were enrolled in the study.Their adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or arachidonic acid (AA) induced platelet inhibition rates determined by TEG,MPV before and after antiplatelet therapy,and the maximum platelet aggregation rates measured by LTA from 99 patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results There was no any correlation between the maximum aggregation rates measured by LTA and the platelet inhibition rates determined by TEG regardless of using ADP or AA as agonist (all P ＞ 0.05).The detection rates of clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness determined by LTA and TEG were 30.3％ and 45.5％,respectively,while those of aspirin hyporesponsiveness were 19.2％ and 31.3％,respectively.The detection rate of hyporesponsiveness determined by LTA was significant lower than that by TEG (P ＜ 0.05).The MPVs after antiplatelet therapy were significant lower than that before treatment (all P ＜ 0.01) regardless of clopidogrel hyporesponsive or sensitive and aspirin hyporesponsive or sensitive.The MPVs in clopidogrel hyporesponsive group before and after treatment were significantly lower than that in clopidogrel sensitive group (all P ＜ 0.05).The PLT counts in clopidogrel or aspirin hyporesponsive groups after treatment were significantly higher than that before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is poor correlation between LTA and TEG.It should be noted that the incidence rate of antiplatelet drug hyporesponsiveness is high in clinical practice.The MPVs of the patients significantly decrease after antiplatelet therapy.The patients with a significant increase of PLT after antiplatelet therapy are more likely to become drug hyporesponsiveness,while the patients with lower MPV are more likely to have clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness.

Evaluation of PFA P2Y assay in monitoring platelet function in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease receiving clopidogrel treatment / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the value of a new platelet function test PFA P2Y (PFA-200) in monitoring clopidogrel treatment for cardiovascular disease in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six elderly patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in the Department of Cardiology of General Hospital of PLA from March to August in 2016 and 85 healthy volunteers were recruited for analysis. All the subjects underwent PFA P2Y, LTA (light transmittance aggregometry) and TEG (Thromboelastograph) tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to test the associations between test results. The agreement among the 3 platelet function test methods was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Correlation coefficient (r) was -0.701 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA, and 0.475 (P<0.001) between PFA P2Y and TEG. The agreement was 75% between PFA P2Y and LTA and 67.9% between PFA P2Y and TEG. The κ value was 0.434 (P=0.001) between PFA P2Y and LTA and 0.242 (P=0.046) between PFA P2Y and TEG. With ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation rate of LTA >50% as the laboratory clopidogrel resistance, the cut-off value of PFA P2Y was 119 s (AUC=0.733) with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 73.3%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PFA P2Y has a moderate correlation and agreement with LTA, but has a poor correlation and agreement with TEG. PFA P2Y can be useful for assessing the effects of clopidogrel therapy and the association of the cut-off value (119 s) with the long-term clinical ischemic events needs be confirmed in further study.</p>

Cross protective immune responses in mice elicited by prime-boost strategy with a recombinant DNA vaccine and adenoviral 5-based vaccine expressing structural antigens of hepatitis C virus / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the development strategy of novel T cell based vaccine against HCV infection.Methods BALB/c mice were primed with pSCK-based DNA vaccine and boosted with type 5 adenoviral vector-based vaccine, which expressed the structural proteins ( Core, E1 and E2) de-rived from a Chinese HCV patient (genotype 1b, Hebei strain).Enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELIS-POT) and intracellular cytokine staining ( ICS) were used to analyze the elicited antigen-specific immune re-sponses and the efficacy of cross-protection.Results Immunization of mice with the prime-boost vaccination strategy elicited stronger T cell immune responses against multiple HCV antigens than using the DNA vac-cines alone, especially the IFN-γ-secreting T cell responses against E1 protein as indicated by ELISPOT as-say.ICS data indicated that the prime-boost regimen elicited more TNF-α-producing CD4+and IFN-γ-produ-cing CD8+T cells against E1 protein and high levels of IFN-γ-producing CD4+and CD8+T cells against E2 protein in comparison with immunization with DNA vaccines.Moreover, the prime-boost vaccination was ca-pable of eliciting effective cross-protection in a surrogate challenge model based on a recombinant heterolo-gous HCV (JFH1, 2a) vaccinia virus.Conclusion The prime-boost vaccination using DNA and rAd5-based vaccine expressing HCV structural antigens induced significant cellular immune response and cross-protection in mice, suggesting the possibility of using it as a promising T cell based vaccine against HCV in-fection.

Immunogenicity and heterologous protection in mice with a recombinant adenoviral-based vaccine carrying a hepatitis C virus truncated NS3 and core fusion protein / 病毒学报

To develop a safe and broad-spectrum effective hepatitis C virus (HCV) T cell vaccine,we constructed the recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine that carried the hepatitis C virus truncated NS3 and core fusion proteins. The expression of the fusion antigen was confirmed by in vitro immunofluorescence and western blotting assays. Our results indicated that this vaccine not only stimulated antigen-specific antibody responses,but also activated strong NS3-specific T cell immune responses. NS3-specific IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cell subsets were also detected by a intracellular cytokine secretion assay. In a surrogate challenge assay based on a recombinant heterologous HCV (JFH1,2a) vaccinia virus,the recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine was capable of eliciting effective levels of cross-protection. These findings have im- portant implications for the study of HCV immune protection and the future development of a novel vaccine.