Cytotoxicity of 4 Wild Mushrooms in a Case of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the cytotoxicity of four wild mushrooms involved in a case of Yunnan sudden unexplained death (YNSUD), to provide the experimental basis for prevention and treatment of YNSUD.@*METHODS@#Four kinds of wild mushrooms that were eaten by family members in this YNSUD incident were collected and identified by expert identification and gene sequencing. Raw extracts from four wild mushrooms were extracted by ultrasonic extraction to intervene HEK293 cells, and the mushrooms with obvious cytotoxicity were screened by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The selected wild mushrooms were prepared into three kinds of extracts, which were raw, boiled, and boiled followed by enzymolysis. HEK293 cells were intervened with these three extracts at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity was detected by CCK-8 combined with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Assay Kit, and the morphological changes of HEK293 cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope.@*RESULTS@#Species identification indicated that the four wild mushrooms were Butyriboletus roseoflavus, Boletus edulis, Russula virescens and Amanita manginiana. Cytotoxicity was found only in Amanita manginiana. The raw extracts showed cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, while the boiled extracts and the boiled followed by enzymolysis extracts showed obvious cytotoxicity at the mass concentration of 0.4 mg/mL and 0.7 mg/mL, respectively. In addition to the obvious decrease in the number of HEK293 cells, the number of synapses increased and the refraction of HEK293 cells was poor after the intervention of Amanita manginiana extracts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The extracts of Amanita manginiana involved in this YNSUD case has obvious cytotoxicity, and some of its toxicity can be reduced by boiled and enzymolysis, but cannot be completely detoxicated. Therefore, the consumption of Amanita manginiana is potentially dangerous, and it may be one of the causes of the YNSUD.

Effect of microRNA-138 regulation of Wnt pathway on the biological behavior of human glioma cells in vitro / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-138 regulation of Wnt signaling pathway on the biological behavior of human glioma cells in vitro. Methods Glioma cell lines U-87MG and U251 were selected and randomly divided into blank group, miR-NC group, miR-138 mimics group and miR-138 inhibitor group. Real-time PCR was used to detect the miR-138 expression in each group; MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and scratch assay were used to detect proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration ability of each group respectively, and Western blotting was used to detect Wnt pathway-related protein expression in each group. Results The miR-138 expression level was higher in the miR-138 mimics group compared with the remaining 3 groups, and that in the miR-138 inhibitor group was lower than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (P<0. 05) ; Compared with the blank group, the cell proliferation rate was lower in the miR-138 mimics group and higher in the miR-138 inhibitor group, and was time-dependent (P<0. 05) ; The apoptosis rate in the miR-138 mimics group was higher than that in the blank group, miR-NC group, and miR-138 inhibitor group, while the apoptosis rate in the miR-138 inhibitor group was lower than that in the rest other groups (P<0. 05) ; The number of cell-invading cells in the miR-138 mimics group was lower than that in the blank group, miR-NC group, and miR-138 inhibitor group, while all miR-138 inhibitor group were higher than the remaining three groups (P<0. 05) ; The cell migration rate of miR-138 mimics group was lower than that of blank group, miR-NC group and miR-138 inhibitor group, while all miR-138 inhibitor group were higher than the remaining three groups (P<0. 05) ; Wnt3a, Wntl, glycogen synthase kinase 3(3(GSK-3(3) and (3-catenin protein expression in the miR-138 mimics group was lower than that in the blank group, miR-NC group, and miR-138 inhibitor group; While miR-138 inhibitor groups were higher than the remaining three groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion MiR-138 overexpression effectively inhibite the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells and promote their apoptosis, probably achieved by pathway inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway.

Recent advance in neutrophil extracellular traps in ischemic stroke / 中华神经医学杂志

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are compounds composed of depolymerized DNA fibers and antimicrobial peptides released by neutrophils. NETs formation not only plays a role in pathological process of non-infectious diseases such as cystic fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes and cancer, but also is closely related to many central nervous system diseases. In recent years, a large number of studies have found the presence of neutrophils and NETs in perivascular space of the infarcted lesions in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and corresponding animal models. This article provides a review on NETs formation and clearance process, characteristics of NETs changes after IS, pathological processes involved in NETs after IS, and effects of NETs on neurons, to provide some references for IS.

Heartbeat-aware convolutional neural network for R-peak detection of wearable device ECG data / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a method for R-peak detection of ECG data from wearable devices to allow accurate estimation of the physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rate variability.@*METHODS@#A fully convolutional neural network was applied to predict the R-peak heatmap of ECG data and locate the R-peak positions. The heartbeat-aware (HA) module was introduced to enable the model to learn to predict the heartbeat number and R-peak heatmap simultaneously, thereby improving the capability of the model for extraction of the global context. The R-R interval estimated by the predicted heartbeat number was adopted to calculate the minimum horizontal distance for peak positioning. To achieve real-time R-peak detection on mobile devices, the deep separable convolution was adopted to reduce the number of parameters and the computational complexity of the model.@*RESULTS@#The proposed model was trained only with ECG data from wearable devices. At a tolerance window interval of 150 ms, the proposed method achieved R peak detection sensitivities of 100% for both wearable device ECG dataset and a public dataset (i.e. LUDB), and the true positivity rates exceeded 99.9%. As for the ECG signal of a 10 s duration, the CPU time of the proposed method for R-peak detection was about 23.2 ms.@*CONCLUSION@#The proposed method has good performance for R-peak detection of both wearable device ECG data and routine ECG data and also allows real-time R-peak detection of the ECG data.

Single-channel electroencephalogram signal used for sleep state recognition based on one-dimensional width kernel convolutional neural networks and long-short-term memory networks / 生物医学工程学杂志

Aiming at the problem that the unbalanced distribution of data in sleep electroencephalogram(EEG) signals and poor comfort in the process of polysomnography information collection will reduce the model's classification ability, this paper proposed a sleep state recognition method using single-channel EEG signals (WKCNN-LSTM) based on one-dimensional width kernel convolutional neural networks(WKCNN) and long-short-term memory networks (LSTM). Firstly, the wavelet denoising and synthetic minority over-sampling technique-Tomek link (SMOTE-Tomek) algorithm were used to preprocess the original sleep EEG signals. Secondly, one-dimensional sleep EEG signals were used as the input of the model, and WKCNN was used to extract frequency-domain features and suppress high-frequency noise. Then, the LSTM layer was used to learn the time-domain features. Finally, normalized exponential function was used on the full connection layer to realize sleep state. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy of the one-dimensional WKCNN-LSTM model was 91.80% in this paper, which was better than that of similar studies in recent years, and the model had good generalization ability. This study improved classification accuracy of single-channel sleep EEG signals that can be easily utilized in portable sleep monitoring devices.

Effects of knocking down TSPO on proliferation and autophagy of BV2 cells in OGD/R models / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effeets of prolifera¬tion and autophagy of BV2 eells in OGD/R models when the 18 ku transloeator protein( TSPO) was inhibi¬ted.Methods BV2 microglia were eultured in vitro and the model established by oxygen-glueose depriva- tion/reperfusion( OGD/R) , the eells were divided into eontrol group and OGD/R group, OGD/R + small hair¬pin RNA negative eontrol group ( OGD/R + NCshR- NA) , OGD/R + TSPO small hairpin RNA group (OGD/R + TSPOshRNA ).The expression of TSPO mRNA and TSPO protein were deteeted by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.In order to study the effeet of TSPO on BV2 microglial eells in OGD/R inju¬ry and autophagy, the cell viability was tested by CCK- 8 assey, the cytotoxicity was deteeted by reactive oxy¬gen speeies ( ROS) , autophagy-related mRNA ( p62 mRNA, LC3B mRNA, Beolin-1 mRNA) expressions were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of autophagy -related proteins ( p62 , LC3 II /LC3 1 , Beclin-1 ) were detected by Western blot in each group.Result The expression of TSPO mRNA and protein increased significantly in OGD/R group while compared to control group, the cell death and cytotox¬icity increased significantly, the expression levels of LC3B mRNA and Beclin-1 mRNA increased, while the p62 mRNA decreased significantly, the levels of LC3 II/LC3 1 and Beclin-1 protein increased, the expres¬sion of p62 protein decreased significantly in OGD/R group, and the autophagy was activated; compared with OGD/R group, the different levels of cell viabili¬ty, cytotoxicity and autophagy in OGD/R + NCshRNA group were not statistically significant.But the survival rate of cells in OGD/R + TSPOshRNA group signifi¬cantly increased, the levels of cytotoxicity and autoph¬agy were significantly reduced.Conclusions The in¬hibition of TSPO has a significant protective effect on OGD/R injury model in BV2 microglial cells, which may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.

Regulation of Hypnotic Active Components of Cnidii Fructus on Melatonin Synthesis Rate-limiting Enzyme AANAT in Rats with PCPA-induced Insomnia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of Cnidii Fructus hypnotic active components （CHC） on the behaviors of rats with p-chlorophenylalanine （PCPA）-induced insomnia and melatonin （MT） synthesis rate-limiting enzyme arylalkylamine <italic>N</italic>-acetyltransferase （AANAT）， and explore the protective mechanism of CHC on the pineal gland. Method:Male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into a blank control group， a model group， a MT group， and high-， medium-， and low-dose CHC groups with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank control group， other groups received 4.5% PCPA suspension at 10 mL·kg^-1， intragastric administration， for two consecutive days. After PCPA model of insomnia was established， normal and model groups were gavaged at the same volume of 2% Tween-80， MT control group （10 mg·kg^-1）， CHC was high， medium and low （60， 30， 15 mg·kg^-1）， 10 mL·kg^-1， once a day， for consecutive 7 days. Four days after administration， open field， elevated cross maze， and pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep tests were conducted， respectively. Serum MT was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression level of AANAT was determined by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of AANAT protein in the pineal gland was detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the results in the blank control group， the total distance of open field activity and standing times and duration in the central area were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， the proportions of open arm entry （OE%） and open arm time （OT%） were decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the sleep latency was prolonged （<italic>P</italic><0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， no significant difference was observed in the low-dose CHC group， while other groups exhibited reduced total distance of activity （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， elevated OE% （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， shortened sleep latency， and prolonged sleep time （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the serum MT in the blank control group， that in the model group was decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， no significant difference was observed in the low-dose CHC group， while other groups displayed increased serum MT （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The mRNA and protein expression of AANAT was decreased in the model group as compared with that in the blank control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the MT group and the high-dose CHC group showed up-regulated expression （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:CHC improved the behavioral indexes of PCPA-induced insomnia， increased the synthesis and secretion of MT in pineal cells， and elevated the serum MT level， which was related to the up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of AANAT in the pineal gland.

Pneumonia, Multiple Pulmonary Infarction and Abscess Caused by a Bamboo Stick Accidentally Piercing into Chest: a Case Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Tuberculosis / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Computed tomography (CT) examination is the major measure for detecting and diagnosis of foreign bodies in human body. Although CT has high sensitivity in diagnosis of foreign body, some interference factors may still lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. Here we report a rare case that a bamboo stick accidentally pierced into the left chest of a young man who was drunk and unware of this hurt. The patient experienced cough, chest pain, fever, hemoptysis, and was misdiagnosed as primary and secondary tuberculosis based on chest CT examinations at a local hospital, although no tubercular bacillus detected by sputum smear. He subsequently received anti-tuberculous treatments in the following three years, but no improvement of his symptoms was observed. Until one month before his death, the bamboo stick was detected by spiral CT examination as well as three-dimensional image reconstruction at another hospital. Postmortem examination revealed pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and abscess as the causes of his death. We analyze the potential reasons of misdiagnosis in this case, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary inflammation associated with foreign body in the future.

Clinical study on long-snake moxibustion plus Western medicine in treating chronic heart failure due to heart-kidney yang deficiency / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of long-snake moxibustion plus Western medicine for chronic heart failure due to heart-kidney yang deficiency.Methods: A total of 80 patients were randomized into a control group and an observation group, with 40 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine Western medicine, and the observation group was treated with long-snake moxibustion therapy on the basis of routine Western medicine. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd) were measured before and after treatment, and the heart function was assessed. The serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was measured, the 6 min walking distance was recorded, and the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLHFQ) was assessed and scored. The serum galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble growth stimulation expressed gene 2 (sST2) protein levels were measured. Clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment. Results: The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, LVEF and LVEDd in both groups were significantly improved (all P<0.05), and LVEF, SV and LVEDd in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (all P<0.05). The heart function classification in both groups were improved after treatment (both P<0.05), and the heart function classification in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum BNP level in both groups decreased (both P<0.05), and the serum BNP level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The 6 min walking distance and MLHFQ scores in both groups were improved (all P<0.05), and the 6 min walking distance and MLHFQ score in the observation group were superior to those in the control group (both P<0.05). The serum Gal-3 and sST2 levels in the observation group decreased significantly (both P<0.05), and all lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Long-snake moxibustion plus Western medicine has significant efficacy in treating chronic heart failure due to heart-kidney yang deficiency; it can improve heart function, reduce the serum BNP level, and improve the exercise endurance and quality of life in the patients. This may be related to the down-regulation of serum Gal-3 and sST2 levels.

Periodic revalidation of autoverification for blood analysis and its suitability evaluation of application / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To conduct periodic revalidation of the 15 items and 43 terms autoverification rules of blood analysis after 1 year of application, analyze the application suitability and make the rules improved.Methods:Track the results of 528 010 blood analysis samples of our hospital from August 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020, and analyze the pass rate and interception rate of autoverification; 600 specimens in total were selected randomly for microscope examination, including 300 specimens which touched autoverification rules (1 012 items of autoverification rules) and were intercepted by autoverification and 300 specimens which untouched autoverification rules and were released by autoverification. The abnormal characteristics and unacceptable Delta check of the specimens also need to be concerned at the same time.The false negative rate and false positive rate, true negative rate, true positive rate and pass correct rate of autoverification were verified and compared with the rate of the second phase verification when the autoverification rule was established. The false negative rate, false positive rate, true negative rate and true positive rate of the Delta check rule which 54 716 specimens touched were calculated and compared with the second phase verification rate when the autoverification rule was established.The results of microscopic examination were used as the gold standard for the calculation of the rates, and P<0.05 was considered as a significant difference. The false positive and true positive of 1 012 autoverification rules were analyzed item by item.The false positive and true positive of 108 specimens which touched blast cell autoverification rule were analyzed terms by terms. The mean TAT and median TAT of 528 010 specimens and 193 750 outpatient specimens were calculated respectively, and the report percentages of 528 010 samples that TAT<30, 30-60　and>60 min were calculated respectively. Analyze and evaluate the application suitability of autoverification rules to juge whether they meet the needs of doctors and laboratory. The design process and the rules and application process of autoverification were optimized and improved.Results:The autoverification pass rate was 63.06% (332 971/528 010), the interception rate was 36.94% (195 039/528 010). The false negative rate was 1.00% (1/600), the false positive rate was 12.67% (76/600), the true negative rate was 49% (294/600), the true positive rate was 37.33% (224/600), and the correct rate was 98% (294/300). The pass rate, true negative rate, true positive rate and correct rate of the periodic reverification group were higher than the second phase verification group, the false negative rate and false positive rate were lower than that the second phase verification group. The false negative rate and true positive rate of the Delta check of periodic verification group were lower than that the second phase verification group, the false positive rate and true negative rate were higher than the second phase verification group, there were significant differences in the comparition results. The mean TAT of 528 010 specimens was25 min, and the median TAT was 22 min. The mean TAT of 193 750 outpatient specimens was 23 min, and the median TAT was 20 min. The report percentages of 528 010 samples that TAT<30 min, 30 min-60 min and>60 min were 83.30% (439 819/528 010), 8.00% (42 250/528 010) and 8.70% (45 941/528 010), respectively.Conclusion:The results of periodic revalidation of autoverification after 1 years application show that the 15 items and 43 terms autoverification rules of blood analysis could meet requirements about the accuracy and efficiency of the laboratory, and have a good suitability for application.

A Meta-analysis of self-determination theory for promoting physical exercises of children and adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the influence of self-determination theory (SDT) on adolescent physical activity promotion.@*Methods@#Six electronic databases including EBSCO host, Science Direct, Sports Discus, Springer Link, Pubmed, and Web of Science. The search period is from all databases to all relevant documents from the start date to May 18, 2019. An exhaustive collection of studies was selected to assess the relationship between motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents.@*Results@#A total of 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall level of self-determination motivation had a weak to moderate promotion of physical activity level (ρ=0.21-0.31). Autonomous forms of motivation (internal motivation and identification regulation) had a moderate role in promoting physical activity(ρ=0.27-0.38), while controlled forms of motivation (ie, introversion regulation and external motivation) had weak inhibition(ρ=-0.17--0.03). Lack of motivation showed a weak inhibitory effect on physical activity(ρ=-0.21--0.11).@*Conclusion@#Self-determination motives are significatly correlated with continued health promotion behaviors. Therefore, it is an effective method to promote physical health among children and adolescents with self-determination motive as an objective in the intervention.

Relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of primary and middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of primary and middle school students of poor vision with classroom natural light selecting and artificial lighting, so as to provide reference and basis for the prevention and control of eyesight of primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 734 students from 45 classrooms in 7 primary and secondary schools (2 in primary school, 2 in junior high school, and 1 in vocational school) in Baiyun District, Guangzhou were selected by stratified cluster sampling method for research. The classroom lighting environment was monitored by the illuminometer, the naked eye vision of students was detected by 5 m standard logarithmic vision light box, and the basic information and myopia-related behaviors of students were investigated by questionnaire. And the correlation between poor vision of primary and middle school students and classroom lighting was analyzed.@*Results@#The poor vision rate of primary and middle school students in Baiyun District of Guangzhou was 74.2%(1 286), the girls’ rate(79.7%) was higher than boys’(69.4%), the rate of senior high school students(63.4%) was higher than that of middle school students(81.1%), the rate of vocational school students(82.8%) was higher that of primary school students(60.2%), the rate of resident students(78.5%) was higher than that of non-resident students(69.6%). The results of multivariate analysis after controlling for confangulation factors showed that average illumination on the blackboard, and uneven illumination on the desk were associated with higher risk of poor vision[OR(OR95%CI)=1.51(1.01-2.25), 1.42(1.02-1.98),P<0.05)].@*Conclusion@#Poor eyesight of primary and middle school students in Baiyun District of Guangzhou city is serious, especially that of female students, senior high school students and resident students. There is a significant correlation between classroom lighting and poor vision in primary and middle school students. The blackboard and desk lighting are associated with higher risk of poor vision in primary and middle school students.

Cloning and functional characterization of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in Senecio scandens / 中国中药杂志

As a secondary metabolite, sesquiterpenes are not only have important functions in plant defense and signaling, but also play potential roles in basic materials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetic and flavor. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Senecio scandens exhibits effects of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive, as well as invigorating the blood and removing extravasated blood. Over 600 sesquiterpenes with diverse structures were isolated from S. scandens and related species in the same genus. To characterize sesquiterpenes synthesis, two FPS genes(SsFPS1 and SsFPS2) were identified in S. scandens through transcriptomic analysis. Bioinformatic analysis showed that both SsFPSs have conserved motifs for FPS function. Both SsFPSs exhibited constitutive gene expression in S. scandens tissues and SsFPS2 accumulated higher transcript in leaves and roots than SsFPS1. Meanwhile consistent with constitutive sesquiterpene accumulation in S.scandens tissues, most of these sesquiterpenes were detected in leaves and roots more than stems and flowers. Recombinant expression through Escherichia coli metabolic engineering, SsFPS1 or SsFPS2 was co-transformed with ZmTPS11(maize β-macrocarpene synthase) into BL21 competent cells. The results showed that the content of β-macrocarpene was increased by co-transformation with SsFPSs. It is demonstrated that SsFPS1 and SsFPS2 catalyzed E,E-FPP formation and provided FPP precursor for downstream sesquiterpene synthases. Characterization of SsFPSs provided the foundation for the exploration of biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid with diverse structures and potential pharmaceutical values in S.scandens, and provide an important theoretical basis for the development of S. scandens abundant resources.

Cardiac Disease Associated Genetic Variants in Yi Nationality in Regions with High Incidence of Yunnan Sudden Unexplained Death / 法医学杂志

Objective To explore the association of cardiac disease associated genetic variants and the high incidence of Yunnan sudden unexplained death （YNSUD） in Yi nationality. Methods The genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from 205 Yi villagers from YNSUD aggregative villages （inpatient group） and 197 healthy Yi villagers from neighboring villages （control group）. Fifty-two single nucleotide variants （SNVs） of 25 cardiac disease associated genes were genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS）. The SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze data. The pathogenicities of variants with differences between the two groups that have statistical significance were predicted by protein function prediction software PolyPhen-2 and SIFT. All villagers from inpatient group were given electrocardiogram （ECG） examination using a 12-lead electrocardiograph. Results The allele frequency and the genotype frequency of missense mutation DSG2 （rs2278792, c.2318G>A, p.R773K） of pathogenic genes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy （ARVC） in inpatient group was higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. Abnormal ECG changes were detected in 71 individuals （34.6%） in the inpatient group, among which 54 individuals carried R773K mutation, including clockwise （counterclockwise） rotation, left （right） axis deviation, ST segment and T wave alteration and heart-blocking. Conclusion Definite pathogenic mutations have not been found in the 52 cardiac disease genes associated SNVs detected in Yi nationality in regions with high incidence of YNSUD. The cause of high incidence of YNSUD in Yi nationality needs further study.

Practice of and reflection on online medical education during COVID-19 epidemic / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper introduces various measures of actively developing online teaching in Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, on the basis of in-depth analysis of the development trend of educational informatization and the large-scale online teaching in China during the COVID-19 epidemic. According to the requirement of Ministry of Education —— "Suspended Class, Ongoing Learning", our university has actively carried out online teaching, promoted the multi-platform blended online teaching, established a quality assurance system with multi-role linkage and regular feedback, focused on improving ideological and political education efficiency of online courses at the same time. By analyzing the characteristics of medical education, together with the benefits and limitations of online medical teaching, this paper demonstrates the application and development of online teaching resources and platforms in medical education, and looks into the future of online medical education as well.

Evaluation of medium to long term efficacy of balloon dilation in the treatment of aural fullness as chief complaint / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

To discuss the characteristics of symptoms improvement based on the follow-up evaluation of Eustachian tube balloon dilation medium to long-term efficacy in patients with symptomatic Eustachian tube dysfunction (SETD). Patients from 2015 to 2017 were followed up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation (with the sense of aural fullness, or tinnitus and hearing ambiguity). All participants had been done ETDQ-7 before surgery and were re-evaluated with ETDQ-7 in follow-up. The improvement of overall and individual symptoms scores in ETDQ-7, the effects of gender and the difference of scores at different stages (12-18 months, 18-24 months and 24-30 months) after the operation were analyzed. There were 29 patients, including 16 males and 13 females, whose age ranged from 20 to 62 years old. The medium to long-term score of ETDQ-7 significantly declined after surgery (27.0±7.9 . 14.1±7.5, 0.05). Among all symptoms, symptoms like "blockage feeling in ear or being like under the water, constriction feeling" , "sound of blisters or explosions in the ear" decreased obviously (0.05). Comparing different stages after surgery, the scores of ETDQ-7 existed no difference (0.05). And the difference of gender showed no significant influence on surgery effects. The subjective symptoms of patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction diagnosed with SETD can be significantly improved in the medium to long-term follow-up after Eustachian tube balloon dilation, and the degree of improvement is not linearly related to the postoperative time.

Therapeutic effect of valsartan combined beraprost sodium on hypertension complicated early renal in‐jury／ / 心血管康复医学杂志

To observe and analyze therapeutic effect of valsartan combined beraprost sodium on patients with hypertension (EH) complicated early renal injury (ERI).Methods : A total of 480 EH + ERI patients treated in our hospital in near two years were randomly and equally divided into valsartan group and combined treatment group (received valsartan combined beraprost sodium) , both groups were treated for three months .Levels of blood pressure , renal function related indexes were compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results :Compared with before treatment , after three months , there were significant reductions in levels of blood pressure , serum creatinine , urine β2 microglobulin and D‐dimer , and significant rise in creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) in two groups , P＝0.001 all.Compared with valsartan group after treatment , there were significant reductions in levels of blood pressure [ (130. 92 ± 5.92)／(80.18 ± 6.69) mmHg vs.(120. 93 ± 6. 53)／(69.98 ± 6.32) mmHg] , serum creatinine [ (93.92 ± 10. 49) μmol／L vs.(83. 14 ± 11. 03) μmol／L] , urine β2 microglobulin [ (385.41 ± 35.54) μg／L vs.(362.65 ± 26.59) μg／L] and D‐dimer [ (1. 75 ± 0.44) mg／L vs.(1. 01 ± 0.11) mg／L] , and significant rise in Ccr [ (63.22 ± 7. 66) ml／min vs.(79.13 ± 8.83) ml／min] in combined treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Conclusion :Compared with valsartan monotherapy , valsartan combined beraprost sodium can more significantly reduce blood pressure and protect renal function in hypertensive patients with early renal injury .

Xijiao Dihuang Decoction () and Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. protect mice against lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced acute liver failure / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Xijiao Dihuang Decoction (, XJDHD) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) as well as the underlying mechanism of action, and to clarify the key herbs and components of XJDHD.@*METHODS@#LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) or TNF-α/D-GalN were intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6J mice to induce ALF. Simultaneously, XJDHD or its individual herbs and components were orally administered. Survival rates, transaminase levels in serum, and hepatic histology were examined to evaluate the effects of XJDHD. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction were additionally performed to expound the mechanism underlying the anti-apoptotic activity of XJDHD.@*RESULTS@#Oral administration of XJDHD protected mice from lethal liver failure induced by LPS and TNF-α, with notable amelioration of liver injury in histology and a significant decrease in transaminase levels in serum. XJDHD significantly inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes and enhanced expression of the antiapoptosis genes, c-Flip, Iap1, Gadd45b and A20. In addition, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. was identified as the key herb of XJDHD and galactose as the effective component of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. that protects against ALF.@*CONCLUSIONS@#XJDHD inhibits TNF-α-induced apoptosis of hepatocytes by promoting the expression of nuclear factor κ B-regulated anti-apoptotic genes. Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. is the effective herb of XJDHD and galactose is an active component in this protection.

Functional characterization of SsNES responsible for nerolidol biosynthesis in Senecio scandens / 中国中药杂志

A short terpene synthase gene was obtained by screening the transcriptome data of Senecio scandens. The phylogenetic tree and sequence alignment putatively identified this gene as a nerolidol synthase gene, named SsNES(GenBank MH518312). Protein homology modeling indicated that SsNES contained a complete conserved domain and folded correctly. SsNES was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli as soluble protein. The biochemical function of SsNES was characterized by E. coli metabolic engineering, which showed that SsNES catalyzed formation of trans-nerolidol with(E, E)-farnesyl diphosphate as the substrate. Nerolidol was also detected in stems and leaves of S. scandens, indicating that SsNES might act as the nerolidol synthase in plant. RT-PCR analysis indicated that SsNES was mainly expressed in stem, flowers and leaves, and no expression was observed in roots. After the treatment of SA, MeJA or Ala, SsNES was induced significantly at 6 h, indicating involvement in the defense response of S. scandens. The identification of SsNES not only clarified biosynthesis of nerolidol in S. scandens, but also provided diversity of sesquiterpene synthase, as well as theoretical basis for disease and pest defense mediated by the terpene metabolites.

Comparison of the two magnetic resonance deartifact techniques in imaging of different porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to compare the porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown artifact in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the two magnetic resonance deartifact techniques in studying the application value of the propeller-fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequence (FSE T2WI) in troubleshooting PFM crown artifacts.@*METHODS@#A total of 48 patients with right mandible first molar crown who underwent MRI head examination were chosen as subjects in the study. According to different metal substrates, PFM crowns were divided to three types, namely, nickel-chromium alloy crown, cobalt-chromium alloy crown and titanium crown. The patients received two MRI scan sequences, that is, FSE T2WI and propeller-FSE T2WI sequences. The MRI artifacts areas in two sequences were measured.@*RESULTS@#The difference between FSE T2WI and propeller-FSE T2WI sequences in three kinds of PFM crown was significant (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Propeller-FSE T2WI sequence technique can effectively reduce the metal artifacts of various PFM crowns.