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Aural vertigo frequently encountered in the otolaryngology department of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） mainly involves peripheral vestibular diseases of Western medicine， such as Meniere's disease， benign paroxysmal positional vertigo， vestibular neuritis， and vestibular migraine， being a hot research topic in both TCM and Western medicine. Western medical therapies alone have unsatisfactory effects on recurrent aural vertigo， aural vertigo affecting the quality of life， aural vertigo not relieved after surgery， aural vertigo with complex causes， and children's aural vertigo. The literature records and clinical practice have proven that TCM demonstrates unique advantages in the treatment of aural vertigo. The China Association of Chinese medicine sponsored the "17th youth salon on the diseases responding specifically to TCM： Aural vertigo" and invited vertigo experts of TCM and Western medicine to discuss the difficulties and advantages of TCM diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo. The experts deeply discussed the achievements and contributions of TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of aural vertigo， the control and mitigation of the symptoms， and the solutions to disease recurrence. The discussion clarified the positioning and advantages of TCM treatment and provided guidance for clinical and basic research on aural vertigo.
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The incidence of augmented renal clearance (ARC) in intensive care patients (ICU) is exceptionally high, and these patients are often co-morbid with infection. The occurrence of ARC will significantly increase the clearance rate of antibiotics, making it difficult for conventional doses to reach effective therapeutic concentrations and affect the patient's anti-infective treatment effect and prognosis. It can be seen that it is crucial to formulate a reasonable dosing regimen for ICU patients with ARC. Regrettably, few reports in China about the adjustment strategy of antibiotic dosing regimens for ARC patients. Therefore, this article reviews the domestic and foreign literature for reference to provide evidence for medical personnel to adjust the dose of antibacterial drugs for such patients.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical feature and genetic variant of a child with autosomal recessive Charlevoix-Saguenay type spastic ataxia (ARSACS).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of a child who was admitted to the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University on April 30, 2021 was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child and his parents. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).@*RESULTS@#The child, a 3-year-and-3-month-old female, had a complain of "walking instability for over a year". Physical and laboratory examination revealed progressive and aggravated gait instability, increased muscle tone of the right limbs, peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs, and thickening of retinal nerve fiber layer. The results of WES revealed that she has harbored a maternally derived heterozygous deletion of exons 1 to 10 of the SACS gene, in addition with a de novo heterozygous c.3328dupA variant in exon 10 of the SACS gene. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the exons 1-10 deletion was rated as likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting), and the c.3328dupA was rated as a pathogenic variant (PVS1_Strong+PS2+PM2_Supporting). Neither variant was recorded in the human population databases.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.3328dupA variant and the deletion of exons 1-10 of the SACS gene probably underlay the ARSACS in this patient.
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Femenino , Humanos , Preescolar , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Espasticidad Muscular/genética , Mutación , Ataxias Espinocerebelosas/patologíaRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effect of ultra-low dose (ULD) computed tomography (CT) scanning on the diagnosis of ankle fractures and the quality of a three-dimensional printing (3DP) model.Methods:This study was a prospective study. A total of 61 patients with clinical ankle fractures treated conservatively in Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from November 2019 to January 2022 were included in this study. Patients underwent standard dose (SD) CT scan and ultra-low dose (ULD) CT scan, respectively. The tube voltage/tube current of SD and ULD were 120 kV/100 mAs and 80 kV/10 mAs, respectively. Two senior radiologists evaluated the presence of ankle fractures. The effective radiation dose ( E), noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast signal-to-noise ratio (CNR), and CT value of bone cortex minus CT value of peripheral fat (CTc) were compared. The radiologists also evaluated the discoverability, diagnosability, and overall image quality of the fracture line according to Likert′s 5-point scoring method. Two senior orthopedists subjectively evaluated the quality of each 3DP model (model clarity and operation guidance). A score ≥ 3 indicated that the quality of the CT diagnostic image and 3DP model were acceptable. Results:The interval between the two CT scans was (9.23 ± 1.92) d. A total of 94 fracture sites were found. There were no missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis based on the SD and ULD scans.Noise, SNR, and CNR were better on the SD CT scanning ( F=5.92, 9.70, 8.32, P=0.00), however, CTc was higher on the ULD scans ( F=27.55, P<0.01). The image scores of the SD and ULD scans were (4.97 ± 0.18) and (4.21 ± 0.71), and the quality scores of the 3DP model (4.99 ± 0.01) and (4.87 ± 0.34), respectively. The SD scans were better than the ULD scans with respect to CT image quality and 3DP model quality ( Z=-6.88, -2.91, P<0.01), but both were considered suitable to meet clinical needs (all ≥ 3 points). The E associated with SD and ULD scannings were (34.68 ± 4.96) μSV and (1.04 ± 0.10) μSV, respectively. The latter was thus significantly better than the former ( F=38.77, P =0.00). Conclusions:The E value of ULD scanning is about 3.00% of SD scanning E, which can meet the needs of clinical diagnosis of ankle fracture and 3DP model printing diagnosis.
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Summary: Structural nasal obstruction（SNO） is a series of diseases caused by congenital or acquired structural anatomical abnormalities of nasal airway and its surrounding tissues, which leads to increased nasal ventilation resistance. The effect of medication drugs for SNO is poor and surgical intervention is often needed. However, the abnormal structure of nasal airway is very complex, including the periphery of nasal airway, internal nasal airway, the front and rear of nasal airway and complex factors. These abnormal structures may interfere with the nasal airflow mechanics by changing the nasal ventilation volume and disrupting the symmetry of the bilateral nasal cavity, and finally lead to subjective feeling of nasal obstruction. In addition, the structure of nasal airway has plasticity. After the abnormal structure appears, the corresponding compensation of nasal airway can occur to ensure normal nasal ventilation and bilateral nasal cavity symmetry. Therefore, the SNO is the result of the failure of nasal airway remodeling after the appearance of abnormal structures. The etiology of SNO is complex, involving original structural abnormalities, nasal symmetry changing and nasal airway structure remodeling. Therefore, accurate identification of the main factors leading to SNO is the vitalpremise of making personalized nasal ventilation surgery.
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Objective:To study the effect of doctor-nurse cooperation responsibility system in medical care in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism.Methods:A total of 208 patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism were selected as research objects from Oct 1 st, 2017 to Oct 1 st, 2018. Among them, there were 144 patients with high risk pulmonarythromboembolism, 64 patients with diagnosed pulmonary thromboembolism. They were divided into control group and experimental group randomly by admission time, 104 patients for each group. Therein, there were 74 patients with high risk pulmonary thromboembolism, and 30 patients with diagnosed pulmonary thromboembolism in control group, 70 patients with high risk pulmonary thromboembolism, and 34 patients with diagnosed pulmonary thromboembolism in study group. The patients in control group were given conventional nursing management mode and patients in study group were given all-in-one nursing mode in medical care. The nursing effects were compared between the two groups. Results:The missing report rate in the control group was 8.1% (6/74), high risk identification leakage rate was 12.2% (9/74), the preventive drug treatment leakage rate was 8.1% (6/74), and the physical preventive leakage treatment rate was 9.5% (7/74). The experimental group about the missing report rate was 2.9% (2/70), high risk identification leakage rate was 4.3%(3/74), The preventive drug treatment leakage rate was 2.9% (2/70), physical preventive leakage treatment rate was 4.3% (3/70), all of these items were lower than those of the control group, and patient satisfaction of the high risk patients had significant differences between the two groups ( χ2 values were 6.08-7.51, P<0.05). And the inspection checklist leakage rate of the control group [43.3% (13/30)] was higher than that of the experimental group [17.6% (6/34)], the health education awareness rate of the control group was [36.7% (11/30)], lower than that of the experimental group [91.2%(31/34)], patient satisfaction of the control group [40.0% (12/30)] was lower than that of the experimental group [94.1% (32/34)], these items had significant differences between the two groups ( χ2 values were 10.26, 4.57, 4.22, P<0.05). Conclusions:Doctor-nurse cooperation responsibility system in medical care have improved the implementation rate of prevention and treatment intervention of pulmonary thromboembolism, and improve the health education awareness rate and satisfaction rate of patients. It makes the prevention and control management of pulmonary thromboembolism for patients more effectively.
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Objective To observe the dynamic characteristics of hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) titers in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with interferon and to explore the predictive value of anti-HBc for response to interferon.Methods The clinical information of the patients diagnosed with CHB in Department of Infectious Diseases , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from October 2011 to October 2014 were collected.HBV DNA, liver function and HBV serological markers of CHB patients were tested dynamically during and after interferon treatment.The dynamic characteristics of anti-HBc titers in patients with different virological responses were analyzed.The predictive values of anti-HBc titer for the efficacy of interferon treatment of CHB patients were analyzed by binary logistic regression .Results Of the 42 CHB patients aging(30.8 ±10.1) years old, 34 patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and 8 were negative.All patients completed 48-week interferon treatment and 24-week follow-up after the end of treatment. Among them, 28.6%( 12/42), 26.2%( 11/42 ) and 45.2%( 19/42 ) of patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR), virological relapse ( VR) and non-response ( NR), respectively.Patients with different virological response presented various characteristics of anti -HBc titers.Compared with NR group, the anti-HBc titers at baseline and week 12 were significantly higher in SVR group (at baseline: [4.93 ±0.30] vs [4.70 ±0.33] lg IU/mL, t ＝2.147, P ＝0.013; at week 12: [4.83 ± 0.23] vs [4.44 ± 0.41] lg IU/mL, t＝3.032, P＝0.007).The anti-HBc titers in SVR group at week 12 and week 24 were significantly higher than those in VR group (at week 12: [4.83 ±0.23] vs [4.67 ±0.51] lg IU/mL, t＝2.400, P＝0.039; at week 24: [4.73 ±0.21] vs [4.55 ±0.50] lg IU/mL, t＝2.542, P＝0.039).By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the anti-HBc titer at baseline was the independent predictive factor for SVR in CHB patients treated with interferon (OR＝6.000, 95%CI: 1.118 -20.486, P＝0.037).The area under receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.753 and the optimal cutoff value of anti-HBc titer for the response to interferons in CHB patients was 5.03 lg IU/mL, with positive predictive value of 64.3%and negative predictive value of 89.3%.Conclusions Dynamic pattern of anti-HBc titers is correlated with different virological responses in CHB patients treated with interferon , and the baseline anti-HBc titer is the independent predictive factor for SVR.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection rate among pregnant women in Shaanxi Province, China and the high-risk population of mother-to-infant transmission (MTIT). MethodsA survey was performed for 13 451 pregnant women in 18 hospitals in Shaanxi Province to investigate the status of HBV infection, and combined immunization was performed for the infants born to HBsAg-positive women. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for MTIT. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsThe prevalence rate of HBsAg was 7.07% among the pregnant women in Shaanxi Province, and the rate reached as high as 9.40% in southern Shaanxi. The MTIT rate of HBV was 5.21%. The univariate analysis showed that HBsAg titer, HBeAg titer, positive HBeAg, and HBV DNA load in mothers were associated with HBV infection in infants, and the multivariate analysis showed that HBV DNA load in mothers is an independent risk factor for MTIT (relative risk=1.586, 95% confidence interval: 1.020-2.465, P=0.041). Among the pregnant women with HBV infection and MTIT, 84.62% had positive HBeAg and an HBV DNA load of ＞106 IU/ml; among the infants with MTIT, 15.38% were the infants born to the HBeAg-negative pregnant women. For the pregnant women with positive HBeAg and HBV DNA＞106 IU/ml, the relative risk of MTIT in infants was 1.210 (1.129-1.297); for the pregnant women with negative HBeAg, HBV DNA＞2×103 IU/ml, and HBsAg ＞104 IU/ml, the relative risk of MTIT in infants was 26.062 (2.633-258024). ConclusionThere is a high HBV infection rate among pregnant women in Shaanxi Province. Pregnant women with positive HBeAg and a high HBV DNA load have a high risk of MTIT. Although the infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers have a low HBV infection rate, there is still a high risk of MTIT when the mother has an HBV DNA load of ＞2×103 IU/ml and an HBsAg level of ＞104 IU/ml.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the CT classification of the lamina papyracea ingression and its significance. METHODS Data of computed tomography(CT) were analyzed retrospectively in 928 patients with nasal symptoms in out-patient department of Huairou Hospital from April 2017 to September 2017. All data were analyzed predicatively to observe the prevalence of lamina papyracea ingression. RESULTS The probability of lamina papyracea ingression in this group was 6.03％(112/1856). The lamina papyracea ingression were divided into four types on the basis of the coronal CT: upper medial rectus type, medial rectus type, under medial rectus type and generalized type. There was no difference in the incidence between the under medial rectus type and the extensive type(P=1.00), there were significant differences in the incidence of the remaining types(P=0.00). CONCLUSION In this study, the classification of the lamina papyracea ingression on coronal CT is helpful to understand lamina papyracea ingression better and reduce the intraorbital complicatians of endoscopic sinus surgery.
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Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used worldwide to treat spinal cord injury, but their therapeutic mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, BMSCs were transplanted to aneurysm clip-injured rats to demonstrate their protective effect. We observed myelin sheaths through Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, osmic acid staining, TUNEL and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We performed Western blotting to analyze the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and caspase 3. BMSCs were transplanted at 1, 7 and 14 days after spinal cord injury. Hindlimb movement (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan; BBB) score, CNPase (2', 3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase), myelin basic protein (MBP) and caspase 3 protein levels were detected. Immunofluorescence was used to test the differentiation of BMSCs after implanted into damaged spinal cord and co-expression of CNPase-caspase 3+. At 7 days after BMSCs transplantation, some injected BMSCs expressed neuronal and oligodendrocyte markers. And both locomotor skills and ultra-structural features of myelin sheaths were significantly improved. The expressions of BDNF were clearly increased by BMSCs transplantation, the expression of caspase 3 was the opposite. Compared with the 1 and 14 days transplantation after spinal cord injury, MBP and CNPase expressions were highest, caspase 3 expression was lowest in 7 days BMSCs transplantation. After BMSCs transplantation, CNPase-caspase 3+ cells scattered in the white matter of the spinal cord. Therefore, BMSCs had a tendency to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes after transplantation, which could promote the secretion of BDNF. BMSCs protected neural myelin sheaths by inhibiting oligodendrocyte apoptosis via increased secretion of BDNF after SCI. The best therapeutic time was 7 days after spinal cord injury.
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@# Objective To review the effects of mindfulness-based therapy on depression for stroke patients. Methods The researches about the effects of mindfulness-based therapy on depression for stroke patients were recalled from Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP, and analyzed with RevMan 5.3 software. Results Five researches were included, which contained three randomized controlled trials and two clinical controlled trials. Meta-analysis showed that mindfulness-based therapy could decrease the depression score in stroke patients (SMD = -1.05, Z = 3.52, P < 0.001). Conclusion The mindfulness-based therapy could reduce the depression for stroke patients; however, the means of mindfulness need further research.
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Objective To investigate the value of dual-exponential model intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) DWI and conventional single-exponential DWI model based on readout segmentation echo-planar (RS-EP) sequence in differential diagnosis of simple rhinitis and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis.Methods Totally,20 patients confirmed by pathology were enrolled in this study and all of them underwent IVIM DWI and conventional DWI.The pure diffusion (D),pseudo-diffusion (D*),perfusion fraction (f) and conventional ADC maps were obtained respectively.The quantitative parameters of anterior,middle,posterior regions of inferior nasal concha mucosa were measured.Comparative statistical analysis was performed for comparing two groups and three regions.ROC analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance.Results The ADC and D values in the simple rhinitis group were (1 938.84 ± 170.46) × 10-6 mm2/s,and (1 698.91 ±145.17) × 10-6 mm2/s.In chronic hypertrophic rhinitis group,the ADC value was (1 681.76± 132.21) × 10-6 mm2/s,and the D value was (1 439.39 ± 101.26)× 10-6 mm2/s.There were significant differences between the two groups (both P＜0.05).No significant differences were found for D* and f values between two groups (both P＞0.05).ADC values increased significantly from anterior region,middle region to posterior region (all P＜0.05).No significant difference was found for D* value among three regions (P＞0.05).ROC analysis demonstrated a higher area under the curve (AUC) for D value than ADC value (0.932±0.044 vs 0.896±0.058) with sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive and negative predictive values of 92.31％,93.75％,90.00％,93.75％,85.71％.Conclusion Based on RS-EP sequence,both IVIM DWI model and conventional single-exponential DWI model demonstrated great value in differential diagnosis of simple rhinitis and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis,and the IVIM-derived D value exhibited a higher diagnostic performance than the conventional ADC value.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs3130542 and rs4821116 in the HLA-C and UBE2L3 genes and the effect of telbivudine antiviral therapy during pregnancy in HBeAg-positive mothers through a large-sample control study, and to provide a basis for the development of individualized blocking strategies for pregnant women with a high viral load.@*Methods@#The genotypes of rs3130542 and rs4821116 were determined for 312 pregnant women with a high viral load who received telbivudine antiviral therapy during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, and the dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were used to analyze the association between the genotypes of these two loci and the reduction in HBV DNA load. The Shapiro-Wilk test and the Levene test were used to evaluate data normality and homogeneity of variances, and the t-test or the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was selected based on data type and was used for the comparison of means between groups. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was used to determine the genotype of SNPs, and the dominant model, recessive model, and additive model were used for analysis.@*Results@#Mothers with an AA/AG genotype of rs3130542 in the HLA-C gene had a significantly higher probability of HBV DNA load ≥103 IU/ml at the time of delivery (P < 0.05) and a significantly higher risk of failure in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, no matter whether they started to take telbivudine at week 24 or 28 of pregnancy. The association between the genotype of rs4821116 in the UBE2L3 gene and the reduction in viral load in pregnant women needed to be confirmed by studies with a larger sample size.@*Conclusion@#Pregnant women with a high viral load and an AA/AG genotype of rs3130542 in the HLA-C gene tend to have poor response to antiviral therapy during pregnancy, and early antiviral intervention is recommended for such patients.
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Objective@#To evaluate the feasibility of modified test system for sound localization (SL) in children.@*Methods@#Modified system (6 male, 9 female) and traditional method ( 5 male, 5 female) were used for evaluation of minimum audible angle(MAA) and root-mean-square error(RMS) error of 4 to 6 years old children, and the results were compared to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the modified test system for children sound localization.SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data(t test).@*Results@#(1) Comparison of veracity of modified system and traditional test: when tested at the positive front position using modified system, MAA and RMS error were(3.23±1.00)° and (13.68±5.18)° respectively.When using traditional method, MAA and RMS error were(3.17±0.59)°and (13.96±4.56)° respectively. No statistical differences were found between two groups(t value was 0.16, -0.14, both P>0.05). (2) Comparison of time used were as followed: when using modified system, it was (14.67±1.95) min for MAA, and (6.67±1.35) min for RMS error. When using traditional method, it was (36.30±6.81) min for MAA, and (21.00±3.50) min for RMS error. Time used were significant shorter in modified system than in traditional method (t value was-9.78, -12.37, both P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Modified test system for children sound localization is useful and reliable in children′s horizontal SL test.The time used of modified test system is shorter than that of traditional test system.
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In patients with single-sided deafness (SSD), the interaural time difference and the interaural level difference signals are insufficient or missing, which result in the lack of sound localization ability and the decrease of speech comprehension in the noise environments. SSD can also cause the morphological and functional changes of the central auditory system, resulting in auditory deprivation. In early stage of the development, the auditory center is more susceptible to ambient environment and auditory inputs. It is a critical period of auditory function and morphological refinement. It is also sensitive period of central adaptability after auditory deprivation. SSD in the sensitive period of development can cause significant laterality activities of bilateral sound localization pathway. Unilateral auditory deprivation can distort tonotopic maps, disrupt the binaural integration, reorganize the neural network and change the synaptic transmission in the primary auditory cortex or sub cortex. In order to compensate for the deficiency of the interaural time difference and interaural level difference cues, the auditory pathway is used to improve the ability of sound source localization by using the spectral-shape cues remaining unchanged. In order to improve the effectiveness of the functional areas of the cortex, auditory center is also reorganized by cross-modal. However, central compensation after SSD is a double-edged sword. If SSD onset in the sensitive period, the laterality of auditory pathway will be continued and difficult to reverse by even long term bilateral hearing in the post-sensitive period. Therefore, in order to improve the understanding of the characteristics of unilateral auditory deprivation, this paper reviewed the evidence for adaptive changes in spatial hearing following a developmental hearing loss in one ear.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Fifty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were divided into 2 groups (n=27 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group) and neuropathic pain group (NP group).Neuropathic pain was produced by chronic constriction injury in anesthetized rats.The sciatic nerve was exposed,and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4.0 chromic catgut.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) was measured at 1 day before operation and 1,4,7 and 14 days after operation.After measurement of MWT at each time point after operation,the animals were sacrificed,and the L4_6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the expression of NLRP3,apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC),caspase-1 and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) protein and mRNA (by Western blot or by fluorescent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction).After measurement of MWT at day 14 after operation,the L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination of the co-expression of NLRP3 with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (by double immunofluorescence staining).Results Compared with S group,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the expression of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1 and IL-1β protein and mRNA was up-regulated at each time point after operation in NP group (P＜0.05).The expression of NLRP3 and ASC protein and mRNA peaked at day 4 after operation,the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β protein and mR-NA peaked at day 7 after operation,and the MWT reached the lowest value at day 7 after operation (P＜0.05).NLPR3 inflammasomes were mainly expressed in the astrocytes and neurons.Conclusion The expression of NLPR3 inflammasomes in the spinal astrocytes and neurons is up-regulated in the rats with peripheral nerve damage,and the change may be involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of particle size of ticagrelor crude drug on in vitro dissolution behavior of Ticagre-lor tablets. METHODS:Ticagrelor crude drug and different particle size of ticagrelor powder A,B,C,D,E after smashing for dif-ferent time(15,30,40,60 s)were used to prepare the tablet by wet granulation method. Accumulative in vitro dissolution rate of prepared tablets within 60 min were determined by UV spectrophotometry at 300 nm(using 0.2% tween as medium,paddle meth-od). Using original tablet as reference preparation,the similarity factor(f2)method was used to compare the similarity of dissolu-tion behavior between 5 prepared tablets and original tablet. RESULTS:d(0.9)of powder A,B,C,D,E were 69.181,40.778, 24.805,12.611,3.083 μm,respectively. The corresponding f2 were 27.77,36.79,50.06,67.68,79.99. CONCLUSIONS:The par-ticle size of ticagrelor crude drug is much smaller,and the dissolution behavior of prepared tablet is closer to that of original tablet. The in vitro dissolution rate of Ticagrelor tablets is improved remarkably by micronization technology. In order to produce Ticagre-lor tablets with the same bioavailability as original tablet,particle size of ticagrelor crude drug powder should be controlled with d(0.9)≤20μm.
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Objective To study the relationship between the cognitive function and speech recognition ability in young patients with OSAHS.Methods We selected 60 young male patients,according to the apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)and the severity of hypoxemia.They were divided into three subgroups on the basis of their syndrome severities:mild group (n= 19;AHI 5~15/h,85%≤minimum SaO2≤90%),moderate group (n= 20;AHI>15~30/h,80%≤minimum SaO230/h,minimum SaO2<80%).First,we used the MoCA scale for cognitive function tests and recorded the scores.Then 15 lists of sentence Mandarin Speech Test Materials(MSTMs)were utilized to test each group.A data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results The total MoCA scores(mild group:27.32±1.16;moderate group:25.85±1.23;severe group:24.52± 1.69;control group:28.52 ±1.16)decreased progressively as the disease severity increased,showing significant differences between the control group and the mild,moderate and severe groups of OSAHS patients (allP<0.05). When sound stimuli were presented at 22,24,and 26 dB SPL,the speech recognition rates in the patients with se-vere(35.4±22.6,56.3±23.9,75.2±16.5)lower than the other groups (mild group:38.4±23.5,58.3±25.5,79.2 ±18.5;moderate group:38.8±21.6,58.7±22.7,78.5±16.7;control group:39.4±23.5,60.3±24.3,80.2±16.4, respectively,allP<0.05).The differences in intensity of 50% recognition rate between the severe group(4.15± 0.80)and the control(3.62±0.41),mild (3.66±0.50)and moderate groups(3.72±0.55)of OSAHS patients were statistically significant(allP<0.05).Conclusion With hypoxia and disease severity increased,speech recogni-tion abilities in OSAHS patients decreased.This may be an important factor associated with cognitive assessment scale score.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between reproductive hormone concentration and the amplitude and latency of speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) in young adults, and to explore the effects of reproductive hormone on the speech processing ability of young people.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty five normal hearing young adults, including seventeen females (27.29±1.83 years old) and eighteen males (28.17±2.50 years old) were recorded.The speech syllable /da/ was transmitted as a stimulus sound to the right ears through insert earphones in speech-ABR test.All participants had air conduction hearing thresholds of 20 dB HL or better across the standard audiometric frequencies (250~8 000 Hz) in both ears, and click-ABRs were also within normal limits.At the same time, the concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the serum were examined.Results ① Females had a shorter latency than males in transient responses (waves V, A and O) and sustained responses (waves D, E and F) of speech-ABR (P0.05).The V/A slope in females was significantly steeper than that in males (P0.05), and the correlation between wave E and wave F and total testosterone concentration was weakly correlated (P0.05).Conclusion There are correlations between the level of reproductive hormone and the amplitude and latency of speech-ABR.It is one of the reasons for the gender difference in the brainstem speech coding ability of normal young adult.
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Objective To investigate the effects of aging on the brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.Methods There were twenty post-menopause women with normal hearing for test and twenty ovariectomized women with normal hearing for contrast.Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) was used.The speech syllable /da/ as stimulus sound was transmitted to right ear by the insert earphones in speech-ABR test.Results Response waves of speech-ABR in ovariectomized women were similar to those in post-menopause women, which contained the onset response (peak V and A), the transition (peak C), the frequency following responses (peak D, E and F) and the offset response (peak O).The characteristics of speech-ABR's peak latency and magnitude were similar between the two groups.Except that the bilateral ovariectomized women had a shorter latency of waves O for the transient response (P0.05).After the combination of ovariectomized women and post-menopause women, the age of these subjects was positively correlated with the latency of O wave (P<0.05).Others had no correlation with age in the amplitude and latency of the waves of speech-ABR.Conclusion Aging does not affect on brain stem speech encoding in spontaneous post-menopause women.