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Background At present, domestic research on job burnout and health-related productivity is limited to medical workers, and the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity of enterprise staff deserves attention. Objective To explore the association between job burnout and health-related productivity loss among enterprise staff. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire survey was conducted among enterprise staff who were selected from seven enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai. The Chinese version of Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to assess job burnout, and a questionnaire based on and modified from the WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to assess the loss of health-related productivity. Logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of job burnout on health-related productivity under the control of selected demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, and occupational factors. Results A total of 3489 questionnaires were recovered, and 3156 valid questionnaires were included in the statistical analysis. Among the 3156 valid questionnaires, 2228 (70.8%) respondents were assessed as suffering from job burnout, in which 1858 (59.0%) were mild to moderate job burnout, and 370 (11.7%) were severe job burnout; the median score (interquartile range) of MBI-GS was 2.18（2.69）, the median rates (interquartile range) of absenteeism and presenteeism were 0.00% (0.00%) and 20.00% (50.00%), respectively. The prevalence of presenteeism significantly varied by gender, education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). The prevalence of absenteeism significantly varied by education, marital status, working years, job category, exhaustion, cynicism, professional efficacy, and job burnout (P<0.05). Job burnout was positively correlated with absenteeism (r=0.157) and presenteeism (r=0.412) (P<0.01). After controlling for selected demographic characteristics, social economic factors, and occupational factors, the logistic regression showed that job burnout was associated with health-related productivity loss, the OR value remained relatively stable, and referring to negative job burnout, the OR (95%CI) of severe job burnout was 6.35 (4.52-8.92). Conclusion Job burnout of enterprise staff has a negative impact on health-related productivity. Severer job burnout associates with higher health-related productivity loss. Enterprises should pay attention to the prevention and control of job burnout to reduce health-related productivity loss.
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Gallbladder abdominal wall fistula is usually due to the acute cholecystitis with-out timely treatment, which leads the formation of abscess around the gallbladder, the gallbladder adhering to the abdominal wall and the abscess infiltrating into the skin to form a spontaneous abdominal wall fistula. Patient with gallbladder abdominal wall fistula may have the symptoms of cholecystolithiasis and acute cholecystitis. Ultrasound examination can detect the situation of gallbladder conveniently, including the internal echo after formation of abscess, the connection between the gallbladder and abdominal cavity, and the blood flow signal, to clarify the diagnosis for the subsequent treatment. The authors share the diagnosis and treatment experiences of an elderly patient with gallbladder abdominal wall fistula.
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BACKGROUND: Studies have found that single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes in the HTRA1 gene promoter region are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration, while HAPLN1 is associated with osteoarthritis caused by intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of human secretory serine protease HTRA1 and the key group of extracellular matrix HAPLN1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: This study included 498 postmenopausal female subjects who underwent a physical examination at Dingzhou People’s Hospital from April 2015 to December 2018. TaqMan PCR was used to detect HTRA1 gene promoter rs11200638 single nucleotide polymorphism and HAPLN1 gene 5' flanking rs975563, intron 1 rs10942332, intron 2 rs179851 and intron 4 rs4703570 single nucleotide polymorphism in 498 postmenopausal Chinese women. The correlation between the HTRA1orHAPLN1 gene polymorphisms and the radiographic features of spinal disc degeneration was analyzed. The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Dingzhou People’s Hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the 498 subjects with the HTRA1 gene rs11200638 single nucleotide polymorphism, 178 were GG homozygotes, 222 were GA heterozygotes, and 98 were AA homozygotes. We compared the parameters of intervertebral disc degeneration in subjects with at least one G allele (GG+GA, n=400) and without G allele (AA, n=98). In HTRA1 gene rs11200638 single nucleotide polymorphism, the score on intervertebral space stenosis in the subjects with GG+GA allele genome was lower than that in the subjects with AA allele (P < 0.001). With the increase of the score on intervertebral space stenosis, the proportion of the subjects with AA alleles increased (P ≤ 0.001). Among the 498 subjects with single nucleotide polymorphisms of the HAPLN1 gene, 137 were homozygous for TT, 230 were heterozygous for CT, and 131 were homozygous for CC. Intervertebral disc degeneration parameters of CC+TT allele (n=361) and TT allele (n=137) were compared. In the HAPLN1 gene, there was a significant difference between the CC+TT and TT alleles of the rs179851 single nucleotide polymorphism in osteophyte formation and intervertebral space stenosis (P < 0.01). Among the HAPLN1 gene rs179851 single nucleotide polymorphisms, the proportion of subjects with TT alleles and intervertebral space stenosis ≥ 6 points increased (P < 0.05). With an increase in osteophyte formation score, the proportion of subjects with TT allele increased (P < 0.001). These results reveal that HTRA1 and HAPLN1 genetic variations at specific genetic loci are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Objective To compare the hemodynamic characteristics in internal carotid artery models, which were obtained by multi-scale unidirectional and bidirectional coupling models, so as to provide references for selecting models in further studies. Methods Based on the nuclear magnetic resonance image of one patient with mild stenosis of internal carotid artery, the lumped parameter model of the circle of Willis and the three-dimensional model of internal carotid artery were constructed. Those two different multi-scale models were constructed by unidirectional and bidirectional coupling. Results With the increase of stenosis degree, the inlet and outlet blood pressure and the outlet blood flow of internal carotid artery all decreased under two kinds of coupling method. The distribution of low time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI) of the internal carotid artery both increased with the increase of stenosis degree under two kinds of coupling method in general. The anterior cerebral artery segment showed lower shear stress and higher OSI with bidirectional coupling in 70% stenosis, and the blood flow direction of posterior communicating artery was changed, which was significantly different from unidirectional coupling results. Conclusions At a low degree of stenosis, the result of those two kinds of coupling method were consistent in general, but there was a significant difference in 70% stenosis, and the result of bidirectional coupling was closer to physiological parameters. The research findings can be better applied to the hemodynamic study of cerebrovascular diseases.
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Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of c-fos protein in the spinal cord in a rat model of oxycodone dependence or withdrawal response.Methods Thirty SPF adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 180-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table method:normal saline group (group NS),oxycodone dependence group (group OD),and oxycodone withdrawal group (group OW).In OD and OW groups,oxycodone was injected subcutaneously in back,5 days in total,with the dose of 2,3,4,5 and 6 mg/kg in turn,3 times a day (8:00/15:00/22:00).The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group NS.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was measured at 3 days before administration and 30 min after the last administration every day.The oxycodone withdrawal was induced by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone 4 mg/kg at 8 h after the last administration of oxycodone on 5th day in group OW.The withdrawal response scores and range of weight changes were recorded within 15 min after giving naloxone or normal saline in NS and OW groups.Spinal cord tissues were collected at 1 h after the last administration on 5th day in group OD and at 1 h after giving normal saline or naloxone on 5th day in NS and OW groups for determination of the expression of c-fos protein by Western blot.Results Compared with group NS,the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was significantly increased on 1 and 2 days after administration,and the expression of c-fos protein in the spinal cord was up-regulated in OD and OW groups,and withdrawal response scores were significantly increased,and the range of weight change was increased in group OW (P＜0.05).The expression of c-fos protein was significantly down-regulated in group OW as compared with group OD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Oxycodone dependence or withdrawal response may be related to the expression of c-fos protein in the spinal cord of rats,and the expression is up-regulated during oxycodone dependence,while down-regulated during oxycodone withdrawal.
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Objective@#To investigate the regulatory effect of faciogenital dysplasia 6 (FGD6) gene on hepatic stem cell differentiation.@*Methods@#FGD6 gene was selected for the co-intervention of target sequence, the AdEasy system was used for the construction of adenovirus vector and the packaging and multiplication of the recombinant adenovirus vector pSES-FGD6-siRNA, and the HP14.5 cells were infected. Immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the expression of FGD6 protein in HP14.5 cells, quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of FGD6, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and albumin (Alb), and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of FGD6, AFP, and Alb. The empty pSES-Ad-RFP adenovirus vector was constructed as control in each group. All data were expressed as x±s, and a one-way analysis of variance was performed.@*Results@#FGD6 protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus of HP14.5 cells. The pSES-FGD6-siRNA adenovirus vector was successfully constructed and it downregulated the expression of FGD6 gene and the mRNA and protein expression of AFP in HP14.5 cells and upregulated the mRNA and protein expression of Alb (P < 0.01).@*Conclusion@#The inhibition of the expression of FGD6 gene in HP14.5 cells may differentiate HP14.5 cells into hepatocytes. Therefore, FGD6 gene plays an important role in the differentiation regulation of hepatic stem cells.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of remifentanil on the proliferation,the cell cycle and apoptosis of human liver carcinoma cell line HepG2 in vitro.Methods Human liver carcinoma cells HepG2 were cultured in vitro.The HepG2 cells of the test group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium with remifentanil at different concentration(0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10,100,200 μmol/L).The HepG2 cells of the control group were incubated in the RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hours.The level of the cell proliferation was evaluated with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.The cell cycle was detected with flow cytometry (FCM).The morphological change of apoptosis cell was observed by fluorescence microscopy after staining by Hoechst33258.Results Remifentanil inhibited the proliferation of the HepG2 cells with a dose-dependent effect.Compared with control group,the cell proliferation capability was apparently decreased in the test group (P ＜ 0.05) when the concentration of remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜0.05).However,no significant difference in cell proliferation was found when remifentanil was 100 and 200 μmol/ L.The ratio of G0/G1 phase of HepG2 cells was significantly enhanced and the ratio of S phase of HepG2 cells was significantly decreased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.The fluorescent microscopy stained by the Hoechst33258 showed part of HcpG2 cells apoptosis in test group,and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The data suggest that remifentanil would inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis when remifentanil was over 1 μmol/L.
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Objective To compare the effects of different administration routes and dosages of tropisetron on cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in rats.Methods Ninety-six healthy adult male Wistar SPF rats were randomly divided into 8 groups(n =12 each):intrathecal (IT) control group (group TC) and 3 tropisetron groups receiving IT tropisetron 10,20 and 30 μg,the volume of each group was 30 μl (group T10,T20,T30),intravenous(Ⅳ) control group (group IC) and 3 tropisetron groups receiving Ⅳ tropisetron 0.3,0.5 and 0.7 mg/kg respectively (group I0.3,I0.5,I0.7).In group TC and IC,normal saline 30 μl and 0.5 ml were injected IT and Ⅳ,respectively.All rats received cisplatin 3mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection at the time point of thirty minutes after administration,each rat weight,the daily food and kaolin intakes were detected at the time point of 48 hours after cisplatin administration.Results Compared with group Tc,each rat weight loss,the kaolin intakes were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and food intake dose was significantly increased in group T20 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group IC,each rat weight loss,the kaolin intakes were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and food intake dose was significantly increased in group I0.5 and I0.7 (P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between group I0.5,I0.7 and group T20.Conclusions The kaolin intakes and the rat weight loss can be decreased by IT tropisetron,and the food take dose was increased meanwhile,and IT tropisetron 20 μg has equivalent efficacy to IV tropisetron 0.5 or 0.7 mg/kg.IT could be the new administration route of tropisetron.
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Objective To investigate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine on the synapsis remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during devolopment of morphine tolerance in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP). Methods Male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were used in this study. IT catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space according to Yaksh. Forty-eight SD rats in which IT catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 6groups (n=8 each): group sham operation (group S); group NP; group normal saline 20 μl IT(group NS);group morphine 20 μg IT (group M); group ketamine 50 μg IT (group K) and group morphine 20 μ g + ketamine 50 μg IT (group MK). NP was induced by compression of right L4,5 dorsal root ganglions with steel wire inserted through L4,5 intervertebral foramen in NP,M,K and MK groups. Normal saline or morphine and/or ketamine were injected IT once a day for consecutive 14 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) to mechanical stimulation and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a thermal nociceptive stimulus were measured on 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 days during the consecutive 14 days of administration. The animals were sacrificed after the final IT administration. The lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the number of synapsis in the spinal dorsal horn by immuno-histochemistry in 4 animals in each group and observation of synaptic structure remodeling using electron microscope in another 4 animals in each group. Results Compared with group S, PWT was significantly decreased and PWL was shortened in the other 5 groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly increased and the synaptic structure was thickened in NP, NS, M and K groups (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group NP,PWT was significantly increased and PWL was prolonged in M, K and MK groups, and the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M, PWT was significantly increased, PWL was prolonged, the number of synapsis was significantly decreased and the thickness of synaptic structure was significantly reduced in group MK ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion IT ketamine can inhibit the synaptic remodeling in the spinal dorsal horn during development of morphine tolerance in a rat model of NP.
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Objective To research the effect of octreotide on the lung injury of far place organ after ischemia-reperfusion in rabbit liver.Methods Prings maneuver rabbit hepatic ischemia-reperfusion models were established. 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were random divided into three groups: group Ⅰ (sham operative group) , group Ⅱ (ischemia-reperfusion by physiological saline group) and group Ⅲ (octreotide preconditioning group). To group Ⅲ, we injected octreotide of 20μg/kg to abdominal cavity and octreotide of 30(μg/kg to skin following, and octreotide was dissolved into 2ml with 0. 9% physiological saline. To group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, octreotide were replaced with the same amount of physiological saline. The changes of MAP, HR in every group were recorded at the time before ischemia (T1 ) , 30min (T2) after ischemia, 30min(T3) , 60min(T4) , 120min(T5) , 240min(T6) after reperfusion. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) and interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β) in the plasma in every group at T1, T2, T3, T4 , T5, T6 were detected. These rabbits were killed 240 min after reperfusion, then the lung's hepatocellular ultrastructures of every group were observed under electromicroscope, and the apoptosis of lung was detected by TUNEL. Results The MAP, HR of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were lower than that of group Ⅰ at T2 to T4. Moreover, group Ⅱ were lower than that of group Ⅲ (P <0.05). The TNF-a, IL-1β of group Ⅱ (fromT2) and group Ⅲ ( from T3) were higher than that of group Ⅰ ( P < 0.05) , and group Ⅲ were lower than group Ⅱ after ischemia (P <0. 01). Through electromicroscope, we found that the injury of the lungs hepatocellular ultrastructure in group Ⅲ was slighter than that in group Ⅱ . We detected the apoptosis of the lung organizes by TUNEL under 5 fields of light microscopes, and found that the apoptosis counts of group Ⅱ (55. 82 ±4. 19) and group Ⅲ (32. 17 ±3. 10) were more than that of group Ⅰ (3. 96 ±0. 87), and group Ⅲ were less than thatof group Ⅱ (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Octreotide can protect the lung injury of far place organ after ische-mia-reperfusion in rabbit liver.
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Objective To study the protective effect of octreotide on myocardial injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rabbit. Methods Pringle's maneuver rabbit hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model was established. 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were random divided into equal 3 groups: sham operative group ( group A) , ischemia-reperfusion group( group B) and octreotide preconditioning group ( group C ). The levels of CK-MB( MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase) and LDH ( 1actate dehydrogenase), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of each group were measured at the time before ischemia (T1) , after ischemia for 30 mins ( T2 ) and after reperfusion for 60 mins ( T3 ), 120mins ( T4 ), 240 mins ( T5 ). The SOD and MDA in myocardial tissue of each group were measured after reperfusion for 240 mins. The changes of ultrastructure in the myocardial cell were observed by transmission electron microscopy after reperfusion for 240 mins. Results There was no significant difference in the levels of CK-MB and LDH in serum of each group before ischemia ( P ＞0. 05). The CK-MB and LDH of group B and C were higher than that of group A ( P ＜0.05) after ischemia for30 mins. The CK-MB and LDH of group C were lower than that of group B in this period( P ＜0. 05 ). The highest time point of LDH and CK-MB were after reperfusion for 120 mins and 240 mins. The contents of MDA in group B and group C were higher than that in group A from after ischemia for 30 mins in plasma and after reperfusion for 240 mins in myocardial tissue ( P ＜ 0. 05 ),and it in group C were lower than that in group B( P ＜0.05) .The contents of SOD in group B and group C were lower than that in group A from after ischemia for 30 mins in blood plasma and after reperfusion for 240 mins in myocardial tissue ( P ＜0. 05), and in group C were higher than that in group B( P ＜0. 05).The electromicroscope showed that the pathological change of myocardial ultrastructure of group C was slighter than that of group B. Conclusion Octreotide can stabilize myocardial cell membrane and reduce release of oxygen free radical and significantly relieve the injury of myocardial ultrastructure after hepatic ischemiareperfusion in rabbit. Octreotide preconditioning can relieve myocardial injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rabbit.
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Objective To investigate the expression of RhoC mRNA in the gastric carcinoma (GC) and paracarcinoma gastric mucosa tissues (PGMT) and their relationship with clinical pathological features.Methods RhoC mRNA was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 23 cases of primary gastric carcinoma and the paracarcinoma gastric mucosa tissues.Results The opacity density of RhoC mRNA in 23 cases of GC was 1.40±0.23,higher than that of PGMT (0.36±0.15)(P<0.01).In addition.RhoC mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissues were positively related to invasion depth,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.01),Conclusion The overexpression of RhoC mRNA in GC may be closely related to the carcinogenesis,development,invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma,which is a frefered biomarker for early diagnosis.
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Objective To observe the effect of octreotide acetate on plasma ETX and serum inflammatory cytokine of the rabbit with hepatic ischcmia reperfusion injury. Methods Pringle's maneuver rabbit hepatic ischemia-repeffusion models were established. 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were random divided into equal 3 groups: sham operative group(group A), iacbemia reperfusion group(group B)and octreotide acetate preconditioning group(group C). Endotoxin (ETX) in the plasma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and intcdeukin-1beta (IL-1β) were detected in every rabbit at the time before iachemia (T1), 30min after ischemia (T2), 30min (T3) and 120min (T4) after reperfusion. Results From T2 to T4, the ETX in group B and C were higher than that in group A (P < 0.05), the ETX of group C were lower than that in group B (P<0.05). From T2 to T4, the TNF-α of group B and C were higher than that of group A(P<0.05). From T3 to T4 the TNF-α of group C were higher than that of group A(P<0.05). From T2 to T4,the IL-1β of group B and group C were higher than that of group A(P<0.05), and the IL-1β of group C were lower than that of group B (P<0.05). Conclusion Octreotide acetate can decrease plasma ETX and down-regulate inflammation factors, such as TNFαand IL-1β, in serum of the rabbit with hepatic iacbe-mia-reperfusion injury, which may be the protective mechanism of oetreotide acetate on rabbit hepatic isehemia-reperfusiun injury.