J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension: a nationwide cohort study in China / 医学前沿

We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary zinc intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. A total of 12,177 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake was assessed by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Participants with systolic blood pressure ≽ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≽ 90 mmHg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up were defined as having new-onset hypertension. During a median follow-up duration of 6.1 years, 4269 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension followed a J-shape (P for non-linearity < 0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension significantly decreased with the increment of dietary zinc intake (per mg/day: hazard ratio (HR) 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.98) in participants with zinc intake < 10.9 mg/day, and increased with the increment of zinc intake (per mg/day: HR 1.14; 95% CI 1.11-1.16) in participants with zinc intake ≽ 10.9 mg/day. In conclusion, there was a J-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 10.9 mg/day.

Research Progressin the Application of Creative Arts Therapy to Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia / 中国医学科学院学报

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in the patients with dementia.Creative arts therapies (CAT) are one of the safe and effective non-pharmacological interventions for BPSD.This paper elaborates on the therapeutic effects of four common CAT,including art therapy,music therapy,dance therapy,and drama therapy,on BPSD.Despite the shortcomings,CAT offer a new gateway for the safe and noninvasive treatment of BPSD.

Effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on intestinal flora in the rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome based on 16S rDNA technique / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on intestinal flora in the rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) based on 16S rDNA technique.@*METHODS@#Ten rats were randomized from 58 SPF-grade male SD rats to be the blank group. The remained 48 rats were prepared to be IBS-D models by the modified method of acetic acid enema combined with binding tail-clip stress. Forty successfully-modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group and a western medication group, with 10 rats in each one. In the acupuncture group, the needle was inserted at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and remained for 15 min in each rat. In the moxibustion group, the suspending moxibustion was delivered at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 15 min. The rats in the western medication group were given pinaverium bromide suspension (10 mL/kg) by intragastric administration. The above interventions were performed once daily for consecutive 14 days. The body mass and the score of fecal trait were compared before and after modeling, as well as after intervention in each group. Fecal water content, diarrhea index and colon transit time (CTT) were measured after modeling and intervention in the rats of each group separately. After intervention, the colonic morphology of rats in each group was observed, and using 16S rDNA technique, the intestinal flora was detected.@*RESULTS@#After modeling, compared with the blank group, the body mass and CTT were reduced (P<0.01); fecal trait scores, fecal water contents and diarrhea index increased (P<0.01) in the other 4 groups. After intervention, the body mass and CTT of the rats decreased (P<0.01), and fecal trait score, fecal water content and diarrhea index increased (P<0.01) in the model group compared with those in the blank group. In the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group, when compared with the model group, the body mass and CTT were elevated (P<0.01), while fecal trait scores, fecal water contents and diarrhea index declined (P<0.01). Compared with the western medication group, fecal water content decreased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), while CTT increased in the acupuncture group (P<0.01), the body mass increased and fecal trait score was dropped in the moxibustion group (P<0.05). The colonic mucosa structure was clear and complete, and there was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the blank group. The mild interstitial edema of intestinal mucosa was presented with the infiltration of few inflammatory cells in the model group. There was the infiltration of few inflammatory cells in the mucosa of the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group. Compared with the blank group, the indexes of Richness, Chao1, ACE and Shannon decreased in the model group (P<0.05). Indexes of Richness, Chao1 and ACE increased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05), and the Richness index in the western medication group increased (P<0.05) when compared with those in the model group. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Prevotella increased (P<0.05), and that of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae decreased (P<0.05) in the model group compared with those in the blank group. When compared with the model group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Prevotella was reduced (P<0.05), while that of Firmicutes and Muribaculaceae increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group; and that of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium increased in the acupuncture group and the moxibustion group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the relative abundance of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis was elevated (P<0.05), and that of folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis decreased (P<0.05) in the model group. The relative abundance of LPS biosynthesis was dropped (P<0.05), and that of folate biosynthesis, lipoic acid metabolism, zeatin biosynthesis, ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinone biosynthesis increased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group, the moxibustion group and the western medication group compared with those of the model group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Either acupuncture or moxibustion can relieve the symptoms of IBS-D and protect intestinal mucosa, which may be associated with regulating the structure of intestinal flora and promoting nutrient metabolism and biosynthesis.

Complicated Bosworth fracture-dislocation: A case report and review of the literature / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Bosworth fracture and dislocation is relatively rare, accounting for about 1% of ankle fractures. It is characterized by the proximal fibula fracture embedded in the posterolateral distal tibia. Due to an insufficient understanding of this fracture, it is easy to cause missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinical practice. Due to the insertion of the fracture, it is challenging to perform closed reduction, and improper treatment is easy to cause complications. Surgical treatment is recommended for this type of fracture. In order to improve the understanding of orthopedic surgeons about Bosworth fracture and dislocation, this paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of Bosworth fracture and dislocation, and reviews the literature on Bosworth fracture's mechanism, diagnosis, classification, complications, and treatment options in recent years.

Study on the relationship between anti-gp210, anti-sp100 antibodies and clinical features and prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To study the correlation between anti-gp210 antibody, anti-sp100 antibody with clinical features and prognosis of patients with PBC.Methods:A total of 992 patients with PBC from 9 medical centers in Yunnan Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2021 were included retrospectively. The demographic data, medical history, UDCA treatment, laboratory and imaging data were collected, and telephone follow-up was conducted. The positive rates of anti-gp210 antibody and anti-sp100 antibody in PBC patients with different clinical characteristics were compared, and the differences of laboratory parameters and prognosis between the anti-gp210 and anti-sp100 antibodies positive and negative groups were compared. T test, rank sum test, variance analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results:The positive rate of anti-gp210 antibody in Han patients was significantly higher than that in minority patients (21.5% vs 9.9%, χ2=6.88, P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in the positive rate of anti-sp100 antibody between the two groups (10.9% vs 6.6%, χ2=1.62, P=0.204).There were no significant differences in the positive rates of anti-gp210 antibody and anti-sp100 antibody among different genders ( χ2=0.50, P=0.478)( Z=-0.41, P=0.682)and ages( χ2=0.01, P=0.951)( Z=-0.60, P=0.549). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of anti-gp210 antibody between AMA M2 antibody positive and negative patients ( χ2=3.45, P=0.063), PBC patients with Sj?gren′s syndrome compared with those without Sj?gren′s syndrome (21.3% vs 20.4%, χ2=0.05, P=0.828), and PBC patients with viral hepatitis compared with those without viral hepatitis(19.6% vs 20.5%, χ2=0.02, P=0.877). The positive rate of anti-gp210 antibody was significantly increased in patients with PBC confirmed by liver biopsy with unknown diagnosis (25.6% vs 18.4%, χ2=6.52, P=0.011), patients with AIH (26.6% vs 18.9%, χ2=5.82, P=0.016), cirrhosis (23.3% vs 11.3%, χ2=16.00, P<0.001), decompensation of cirrhosis (23.9% vs 18.2%, χ2=4.66, P=0.031), jaundice (29.7% vs 17.1%, χ2=18.59, P<0.001) and hyperlipidemia (24.9% vs 18.1%, χ2=6.30, P=0.012). The positive rate of anti-sp100 antibody was significantly increased in patients with negative AMA M2 antibody PBC patients (20.9% vs 7.2%, χ2=36.54, P<0.001)and patients with PBC confirmed by liver biopsy with unknown diagnosis (17.9% vs 7.5%, χ2=23.40, P<0.001), while in patients with AIH (11.1% vs 10.3%, χ2=0.09, P=0.769), Sj?gren′s syndrome (15.7% vs 10.0%, χ2=2.87, P=0.090), viral hepatitis (4.3% vs 10.8%, χ2=1.94, P=0.164), cirrhosis(10.5% vs 10.5%, χ2<0.01, P=0.991), decompensated symptoms of cirrhosis (10.3% vs 10.6%, χ2=0.03, P=0.868), jaundice (12.5% vs 9.7%, χ2=1.62, P=0.203)and hyperlipidemia (8.7% vs 11.5%, χ2=1.86, P=0.172), the positive rate was not significantly increased. The levels of ALT [71.00(48.00, 111.00)U/L vs 58.00 (31.00,112.75)U/L, Z=-2.63, P=0.009], AST [92.00 (54.00, 133.00)U/L vs 76.00(42.00, 128.00)U/L, Z=-2.73, P=0.006], ALP[306.00(176.00, 528.00)U/L vs 204.00(126.25, 350.75)U/L, Z=-4.78, P<0.001], GGT[284.00(131.00, 524.00)U/L vs 165.00(53.63, 389.00)U/L, Z=-4.36, P<0.001], TBIL[33.60(16.60, 82.10)mmol/L vs 23.45 (14.80, 61.13)mmol/L, Z=-3.00, P=0.003], DBIL [20.30 (6.60, 66.40)mmol/L vs 11.60 (5.90, 45.00)mmol/L, Z=-3.13, P=0.002], bile acid[53.40(19.50, 148.00)mmol/L vs 39.30(11.70, 118.58)mmol/L, Z=-2.26, P=0.024], IgM[3.61(2.03,5.26)g/L vs 2.39(1.37, 3.67)g/L, Z=-5.38, P<0.001] and APTT[37.40(33.10, 41.30)s vs 35.70 (31.30, 41.30)s, Z=-3.28, P=0.001])were significantly increased in patients with positive anti-gp210 antibody compared patients with negative anti-gp210 antibody, while the IgG level was significantly increased in patients with positive anti-sp100 antibody compared with patients with negative anti-gp210 antibody( Z=-2.25, P=0.025), but no other indexes were significantly increased. The Mayo risk score[3.48(2.46, 5.01) vs 3.18 (2.20, 4.64), Z=-2.052, P=0.04] and mortality at the end of follow-up (24.6% vs 16.7%, χ2=6.57, P=0.0.038)in patients with positive anti-gp210 antibody were much higher than those in patients with negative anti-gp210 antibody, but there were no significant differences in Mayo risk score [3.16 (2.21, 4.53) vs 3.28 (2.23,4.71), Z=-0.86, P=0.392] and mortality at the end of follow-up (13.5% vs 18.9%, χ2=2.12, P=0.346) between anti-sp100 antibody positive and negative patients. Conclusion:PBC patients with positive anti-gp210 antibody may have more serious liver pathologic damage and extra-hepatic complications, more serious liver function impairment, more obvious cholestasis, and worse prognosis. Anti-sp100 antibody has been shown to have no significant correlation with disease severity and prognosis.

Optimization practice of youth research project management in children′s hospital: Based on the situation and demand of National Natural Science Youth Foundation in Beijing Children′s Hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:The study takes the Youth Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) as an example, analyzes the development and management optimization strategy of such research project in a children′s hospital, to provide reference for the training of pediatric young talents.Methods:Personnel interview and questionnaire survey were adopted to analyze the common characteristics of project application and approval, trend of change, demand and bottleneck challenges of the NSFC Youth Research Project from 2016 to 2022.Results:The total number of approved project were increasing while the rate of the bids fluctuated, and the distribution of department, gender and age are not balanced, full-time scientific research personnel, male, young age and other factors have the advantages of being approved. Five influential factors, including scientific research accomplishment, supporting conditions, research foundation, methods & skills, and scientific research atmosphere and environment, were identified as necessary components of getting funded. The survey also founded that two thirds of the needs run through the whole application process that from the topic selection, nurtured seed-funding, team-building and proposal development.Conclusions:This study puts forward a management plan for youth scientific research projects in children′s hospital from three aspects that including hospital, department and individual. The management department should strengthen the transformation from " full application" to " effective application" , at the same time, more attention should be paid to the selection, training and resource allocation to further optimize the training strategy of youth talents.

Analysis of satisfaction and influencing factors of scientific research incentive mechanisms for young medical staff in a children′s hospital in Beijing / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:This study aims to explore the satisfaction and influencing factors of scientific research incentive mechanisms for young medical staff in a children′s hospital in Beijing, and to provide references for the management department to develop relevant incentive strategies.Methods:A satisfaction questionnaire survey of scientific research incentive mechanisms was carried out during April and May, 2022. Collected data were analyzed by rank sum test and ordered logistic regression.Results:The level of overall satisfaction of 339 young medical staffs was 81.42%. The satisfaction rate of incentive factors was 80.50% and hygiene factors was 77.51%.According to the findings, there were significant differences in educational backgrounds, professional titles and job types, hygiene factors, and incentive factors ( P<0.05). The contributing factors of the job satisfaction were professional title, hygiene factors and incentive factors. Conclusions:The overall satisfaction with the incentive work of the young research staff surveyed was relatively at high-level. It is necessary to improve tailed hygiene factors to meet the characteristics young medical staff, such as setting up full-time scientific research working hours, exploring the establishment of diversified of scientific research sharing mechanisms to increase the utilization of the scientific research platform. It is important to enhance incentive factors to establish a long-term incentive mechanism for young personnel, such as setting up interdisciplinary research projects, exploring the establishment of a recommendation mechanism for outstanding young talents, in order to provide them with more opportunities for further intensive training.

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma in treatment of gastric ulcer based on network pharmacology and animal experiment / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma in the treatment of gastric ulcer by network pharmacology and animal experiments. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was employed to chara-cterize the chemical components of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma, and the common targets of Bletillae Rhizoma and gastric ulcer were screened out by network pharmacology. The "drug-component-target-disease" network was constructed. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was established by STRING. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed based on Matescape database to predict the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Bletillae Rhizoma. Finally, the gastric ulcer model was induced in mice by alcohol to verify the therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma on gastric ulcer. Forty-seven chemical components were identified from non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma, among which gymnoside Ⅰ, gymnoside Ⅱ, militarine, bletilloside A, and shancigusin I might be the main active components of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma against gastric ulcer. PPI network analysis revealed core targets such as albumin(ALB), serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma mainly exerted the therapeutic effect by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. The results of animal experiments showed that non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma could significantly improve alcohol-induced ulceration in mice to increase ulcer inhibition rate, decrease the levels of TNF-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), and thromboxane B2(TXB2), elevated the le-vels of IL-10, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), epidermal growth factor(EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), down-re-gulate the protein levels of PI3K and AKT, and up-regulate the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. This study indicates that Bletillae Rhizoma may play a role in the treatment of gastric ulcer through multiple components, targets, and pathways and verifies partial prediction results of network pharmacology. The findings of this study provide a scientific and experimental basis for clinical application.

Role and mechanism of non-coding RNA in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury / 生理学报

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome and an independent risk factor of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. At present, the treatments of AKI are still very limited and the morbidity and mortality of AKI are rising. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are RNAs that are transcribed from the genome, but not translated into proteins. It has been widely reported that ncRNA is involved in AKI caused by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), drugs and sepsis through different molecular biological mechanisms, such as apoptosis and oxidative stress response. Therefore, ncRNAs are expected to become a new target for clinical prevention and treatment of AKI and a new biomarker for early warning of the occurrence and prognosis of AKI. Here, the role and mechanism of ncRNA in AKI and the research progress of ncRNA as biomarkers are reviewed.

Evaluation and optimization of content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

This study discovered that the resolution of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(isochlorogenic acid A) in the content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP)(2020 edition) was poor, which affected accurate quantification. We tested the method in ChP with chromatographic columns of seven brands to clarify the problems in the existing method, optimized the chromatographic conditions by adjusting the mobile phase composition and elution ratio and replacing the chromatographic column packing, and carried out the reproducibility assay for the new method. The two methods were compared for the content determination results of Chrysanthemi Flos prepared from six different varieties. As evaluated by the resolution based on different chromatographic columns of seven brands, the existing method failed to separate isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D well. The peaks of the two components were not completely separated on three chromatographic columns, and isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D generated a co-effluent peak in the other four columns. Isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D could be completely separated under the optimized chromatographic conditions. The difference in the peak areas of isochlorogenic acid A+isochlorogenic acid D obtained by the optimized method and the method in ChP was not significant, with deviation less than 3.0%, which further proved that the result measured by the method in ChP was the co-effluent of isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid D. The optimized method can ensure the accurate quantification of isochlorogenic acid A. The existing content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos has the problem of poor resolution. It is recommended to revise the chromatographic conditions for the content determination method of Chrysanthemi Flos to improve the resolution of isochlorogenic acid A and ensure its accurate quantification.

Research progress and coping strategy of the drug resistant mechanism of platinum anti-tumor drugs / 药学实践杂志

Platinum anti-tumor drugs are currently the most widely used first-line chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical practice, and their curative effects are remarkable. However, the problems of platinum drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and others seriously limit effectiveness and clinical application of platinum drugs. The occurrence of platinum drug resistance is caused by many factors. At present, the resistance mechanism of platinum drugs mainly includes the following aspects: decreasing the accumulation of platinum in cells, increasing the inactivation of platinum in cells, repairing DNA damage and tumor cell apoptosis inactivation. This article reviews the drug resistance mechanism and coping strategy of platinum anti-tumor drugs, providing ideas for the development of platinum anti-tumor drugs and references for overcoming clinical platinum drug resistance.

Exploration on the management model of international scientific and technological cooperation based on the combination of " project-talent-base" in hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Explore the " project-talent-base" combining international science and technology cooperation management model and mechanism through summarizing the practical experience of a tertiary pediatric hospital in Beijing in recent years, to provide reference for strengthening the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation.Methods:Main problems existing in the management of international science and technology cooperation in domestic medical institutions are analyzed, and management methods of international science and technology cooperation adopted by the hospital are classified through policy sorting, literature research, summarization and classification.Results:The hospital has established an efficient and high-quality international science and technology cooperation management model mainly through four aspects: improving the international cooperation management system, enriching international cooperation and exchange projects, building different types of international science and technology cooperation platforms, and strengthening personnel training.Conclusions:Under the background of the globalization of science and technology and the accelerating pace of scientific research in China, improving the hospital′s international science and technology cooperation management model will effectively promote the introduction of international advanced technologies and concepts, and enhance the overall science and technology innovation capabilities and discipline construction.

Circadian effects of ionizing radiation on reproductive function and clock genes expression in male mouse

BACKGROUND@#Exposure to the ionizing radiation (IR) encountered outside the magnetic field of the Earth poses a persistent threat to the reproductive functions of astronauts. The potential effects of space IR on the circadian rhythms of male reproductive functions have not been well characterized so far.@*METHODS@#Here, we investigated the circadian effects of IR exposure (3 Gy X-rays) on reproductive functional markers in mouse testicular tissue and epididymis at regular intervals over a 24-h day. For each animal, epididymis was tested for sperm motility, and the testis tissue was used for daily sperm production (DSP), testosterone levels, and activities of testicular enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and acid phosphatase (ACP)), and the clock genes mRNA expression such as Clock, Bmal1, Ror-α, Ror-β, or Ror-γ.@*RESULTS@#Mice exposed to IR exhibited a disruption in circadian rhythms of reproductive markers, as indicated by decreased sperm motility, increased daily sperm production (DSP), and reduced activities of testis enzymes such as G6PDH, SDH, LDH, and ACP. Moreover, IR exposure also decreased mRNA expression of five clock genes (Clock, Bmal1, Ror-α, Ror-β, or Ror-γ) in testis, with alteration in the rhythm parameters.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings suggested potential health effects of IR exposure on reproductive functions of male astronauts, in terms of both the daily overall level as well as the circadian rhythmicity.

Correlation between Depressive Behavior and Expressions of S100β and Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor in Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex of Rats / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the association between chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive-like behavior in rats and expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100β in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortex. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups:saline control group,saline+CUMS group,and citalopram +CUMS group. CUMS was used for depression modeling in rats. Depressive-like behavior in rats were evaluated by open-field test,sucrose preference test,and novel object recognition test. S100β and BDNF expressions were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rats in the saline+CUMS group had significantly lower score in sucrose preference [(52.48±13.14)%],basic motor tasks [(845.8±371.4)s],fine motor tasks [(565.6±211.9)s],and longer resting time [(282.6±11.8)s] compared to the control group [(84.30±6.15)% (=7.49,=0.000),(1239.1±281.6)s (=2.83,=0.008),(801.8±150.9)s (=3.05,=0.003),(268.2±12.8)s (=2.72,=0.001)]. Compared with the citalopram+CUMS group,rats from the saline+CUMS group also showed significantly lower results in sucrose preference [(80.55±11.31)%,=5.39,=0.000],basic motor tasks [(1156.4±314.7)s,=2.13,=0.031],and fine motor tasks [(736.1±150.0)s,=2.21,=0.008]. There were no significant differences in the expression of hippocampal and prefrontal BDNF between these two groups,but rats from the saline+CUMS group expressed significantly higher levels of S100β compared to rats from the citalopram+CUMS group [(13.22±2.23) ng/g (10.55±2.72) ng/g,=2.67,=0.014]. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the expression of S100β was positively correlated with the expression of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (=0.35,=0.034;=0.36,=0.034).The novel object recognition index was positively correlated with the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus(=0.38,=0.021),and the duration of fine-motor activities was negatively correlated with S100β in the prefrontal cortex (=-0.36,=0.037). Different types of depressive behaviors in rats induced by CUMS are associated with the selective expression of S100β and BDNF in two different brain cortex. S100β protein and BDNF may independently participate in the pathogenesis of depression.

Development and Application of Automatic Analysis and Surveillance Platform for Chrimerism in Donors and Recipients after Allo-HSCT / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop an automated chimeric analysis and reporting platform based on short tandem repeat (STR) and capillary electrophoresis methods for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) so as to improve work efficiency.@*METHODS@#Apache, MySQL, PHP and HTML5 were used to build the database and interface. The STR locus geno typing and chimeric analysis logic and flow were set up on the basis of STR rules and capillary electrophoresis. STR genotyping and 194 times of chimeric testing data of 100 patients after allo-HSCT were used to test the platform for automatic STR locus genotyping, chimeric calculation and report generation.@*RESULTS@#The established platform could realize the functions of STR locus customization, STR genotype determination, automatic chimeric analysis, and detection information database management, which can automatically generate an integrated report including multiple sequential chimeric results and trend graphs for the same patient and can be accessed and used simultaneously by different users through different browser interfaces. The results of automated analysis by the platform are completely consistent with that of manual analysis by experienced technicians, and the possibility of manual analysis error is reduced through automation. The time required for automatic analysis using this platform is approximately 1/6-1/5 of manual analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#The automatic analysis platform built in this study is operation stable and reliable in analysis results, which can improve work efficiency and report connotation, thus worthing popularized and applicable.

Surgical treatment for limbs salvaged of diabetic foot ulcers / 中国骨伤

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is a severe complication of the diabetes mellitus, which is the first leading cause of non-traumatic lower limbs amputations. The pathogenesis of diabetic foot involves a variety of mechanisms, treatment involves the department of foot and ankle surgery, department of vascular surgery, endocrinology, and infection control. Treatment need multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment. Debridement is the basis of treating diabetic foot ulcers, and the normal anatomical structure should be maintained during the process. Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) and antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) have more advantages of controlling infection and ulceration wound healing, which could receive good clinical effect. Tendon lengthening could alleviate the problem of ulcer occurrence and progression caused by stress concentration on the bottom of foot, which has widely application and has advantages of preventing formation of foot ulcers. Flap transplantation could solve the problem of wound healing, but it is necessary to consider whether the transplanted flap could bear the same function as plantar tissue. Tibial bone transverse distraction is a relatively new technique, and the mechanism is not clear, but it has certain application prospects from the perspective of clinical efficacy.

Effects of Triptolide on Expression of Drebrin and Cofilin in Hippocampus of Rats with Alzheimer's Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effects of triptolide on drebrin and cofilin expression in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheim-er's disease (AD). Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into control group, model group and triptolide-treated group with 20 cases in each group. The AD model was established with unilateral injection of beta amyloid 1-40 (Aβ1- 40) into hippocampus in rats. The control group was established with unilateral injection of normal saline with the same volume into hippocampus in rats. The triptolide-treated group was administered triptolide intraperi-toneally, 0.4 mg/kg, once a day, for 15 days after modeling. Spine density of hippocampal neurons was assayed by Golgi staining. Drebrin and cofilin expression of hippocampal neurons was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The spine density of hippocampal neurons was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the model group (P<0.05). The average optical density of drebrin was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the the model group (P<0.01), while the cell number and average optical density of cofilin were lower (P<0.05). The drebrin mRNA expression was higher in the triptolide-treated group than in the model group (P<0.05), and the cofilin mRNA expression was lower (P<0.01). Conclusion Triptolide may delay the degeneration of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons of AD rats by regulating the expression of drebrin and cofilin.

Effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on spinal motor neurons after end-to-end anastomosis of transected sciatic nerves in rats / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on spinal motor neurons after end-to-end anastomosis of transected sciatic nerves in rats and further explore the possible mechanisms concerned.Methods A total of 30 SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:blank control group,sciatic nerve transaction group (model group),nerve anastomosis after sciatic nerve transaction (anastomosis group),nerve anastomosis with PBMCs treatment after sciatic nerve transaction (PBMCs group),and nerve anastomosis with solvent control treatment after sciatic nervetransaction (solvent control group),with six rats per group.Except for the rats in blank control group,transection of the left sciatic nerves conducted 0.5 cm under the piriformis muscle was performed in all animals,immediately followed by end-to-end anastomosis of sciatic nerves in anastomosis,PBMCs and solvent control groups.The rats in PBMCs group were given 0.2 ml PBMCs (1 × 107 PBMCs) at anastomosis,and the rats in solvent control group were injected with 0.2 ml PRMI-1640.After rats were on regular diet for 4 weeks,morphological examination was performed by HE staining and the counting of apoptotic cells was evaluated by TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.The protein expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were detected by Western blot.Results In model group,HE staining showed that most of the spinal motor neurons became vacuoles with karyopyknosis and cytomorphosis.In anastomosis group and solvent control group,some spinal motor neurons had contraction,deformation and even plasmolysis,with vacuoles status of cytoplasm,karyopyknosis in some cells.In PBMCs group,some spinal motor neurons were normal with nucleus in the middle while some other spinal motor neurons were seen plasmolysis and vacuoles status of cytoplasm.Through TUNEL,the numbers of apoptotic cells were 0.44 ± 0.10 in blank control group,5.78 ± 1.11 in model group,5.22 ±0.51 in anastomosis group,2.56-± 0.42 in the PBMCs group,and 3.78 ± 0.19 in solvent control group,respectively.Compared with blank control group,the apoptosis of spinal motor neurons was significantly increased in model group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the apoptosis of spinal motor neurons was significantly decreased in treatment groups except anastomosis group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with solvent control group,the apoptosis of spinal motor neurons was significantly decreased in PBMCs group (P ＜ 0.05).The BDNF protein levels of the spinal cord tissue were 1.83 ± 0.72 in blank control group,1.35 ± 0.46 in model group,1.29 ± 0.44 in anastomosis group,1.87 ± 0.55 in PMBCs group,and 1.22 ± 0.50 in solvent control group,respectively.Compared with blank control group,the protein expression of BDNF was decreased in model group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with model group,the protein levels of BDNF and GDNF were increased in PMBCs group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between anastomosis group and solvent control group in regard of protein levels of BDNF and GDNF (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The transaction of sciatic nerves may induce injury and apoptosis of the spinal motor neurons.End-to-end anastomosis combined with PMBCs can effectively ameliorate apoptosis of the spinal motor neurons,the mechanism of which may be related to PMBCs that may enhance protein levels of BDNF and GDNF in spinal cord.

Effects of soybean isoflavones on the energy metabolism of swimming mice / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To establish an animal model for loaded swimming, so as to investigate the energy metabolism effects of soybean isoflavones (SI) on swimming mice.@*METHODS@#Thirty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups:normal control, swimming group, and swimming+SI group. The normal control group mice were fed a basic AIN-93M diet, the SI groups were supplied with soybean isoflavones(4 g/kg).Two weeks later, the mice were forced to swim for an hour,and then all the mice were killed, the samples of blood, liver and muscles of hind were collected.The serum contents of lactic acid(Lac), the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), creatine kinase (CK) and ATPase were measured.@*RESULTS@#Compared with normal control,the serum content of Lac was significantly improved in the group of the swimming control and SI(<0.05),the activity of LDH in the serum was obviously improved in the group of the swimming control and SI, and the activity of CK and SDH were both significantly improved in the group of the swimming control and SI except the activity of SDH in the liver of the group SI; compared with the swimming control,the serum contents of Lac,the activities of LDH, ATPase, SDH, CK were obviously improved(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Soybean isoflavones can improve the energy metabolism,antioxidant capacity of the swimming mice.

Enteric dysbiosis-linked gut barrier disruption triggers early renal injury induced by chronic high salt feeding in mice

Chronic high-salt diet-associated renal injury is a key risk factor for the development of hypertension. However, the mechanism by which salt triggers kidney damage is poorly understood. Our study investigated how high salt (HS) intake triggers early renal injury by considering the ‘gut-kidney axis’. We fed mice 2% NaCl in drinking water continuously for 8 weeks to induce early renal injury. We found that the ‘quantitative’ and ‘qualitative’ levels of the intestinal microflora were significantly altered after chronic HS feeding, which indicated the occurrence of enteric dysbiosis. In addition, intestinal immunological gene expression was impaired in mice with HS intake. Gut permeability elevation and enteric bacterial translocation into the kidney were detected after chronic HS feeding. Gut bacteria depletion by non-absorbable antibiotic administration restored HS loading-induced gut leakiness, renal injury and systolic blood pressure elevation. The fecal microbiota from mice fed chronic HS could independently cause gut leakiness and renal injury. Our current work provides a novel insight into the mechanism of HS-induced renal injury by investigating the role of the intestine with enteric bacteria and gut permeability and clearly illustrates that chronic HS loading elicited renal injury and dysfunction that was dependent on the intestine.