Influencing factors of metabolic syndrome in community patients with schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at high risk of suffering from metabolic syndrome. Most previous studies on the influencing factors of metabolic syndrome focused on the inpatients and limited ones on patients dwelling in community. ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors at different risk levels of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia in Guangzhou， so as to provide references for future interventions on metabolic syndrome in this patient population. MethodsIn November 2021， 3 339 patients with schizophrenia who were registered in and administered by Guangzhou Mental Health Information System were included. All these patients had finished the physical examination in 2020， and whether they had metabolic syndrome was assessed basing on Guideline for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China （2020 edition）. Patients were divided into high-risk group （n=423）， critical group （n=1 524） and metabolic syndrome group （n=1 392） according to the Chinese expert consensus on the management of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analysis were performed on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. ResultsThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia was 41.69%. Univariate analysis showed that the results in gender （χ2=44.610）， age （χ2=55.992）， marriage status （χ2=30.755）， illness course （χ2=25.913） and body mass index （χ2=829.265） were significantly different among the three groups （P<0.01）. Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that the levels of waist circumference （H=920.331）， systolic blood pressure （H=436.673）， diastolic blood pressure （H=393.337）， fasting blood glucose （H=807.304）， triglyceride （H=1 134.125） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （H=593.615） among the three groups were significantly different （P<0.01）. Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 （OR=1.761， 95% CI： 1.087~2.853）， overweight （OR=2.418， 95% CI： 1.862~3.140） and obesity （OR=57.903， 95% CI： 14.340~233.802） were risk factors contributing to high-risk patients becoming critical population （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Female gender （OR=1.295， 95% CI： 1.034~1.622）， aged 40~49 （OR=2.597， 95% CI： 1.582~4.263）， age ≥50 （OR=4.392， 95% CI： 2.609~7.395）， overweight （OR=7.844， 95% CI： 6.018~10.223） and obesity （OR=426.785， 95% CI： 105.724~1 722.839） were risk factors for high-risk patients developing into metabolic syndrome population （P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionThe prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome is higher in community-dwelling patients with schizophrenia. Female gender， older age， overweight and obesity would increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients. ［Funded by Health Science and Technology Project in Guangzhou （number， 20221A010028）］

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of foodborne Yersinia enterocolitica in Pudong New District, Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of foodborne Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica in Pudong New District of Shanghai.@*Methods@#Four kinds of raw food samples were collected in retail circulation sites in Pudong from 2012 to 2016. Cold enrichment method was used to isolate Y. enterocolitica and further detection of biotype, serotype, virulent genes, antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were conducted.@*Results@#A total of 3 900 raw food samples were collected during this period, including poultry product (n=590), livestock product (n=1 074), aquatic product (n=1 488), vegetable (n=748), in which 111 (2.8%) were contaminated by Y. enterocolitica. The detection rates of Y. enterocolitica in poultry product samples (5.3%, 31/590) and livestock product samples (4.5%, 48/1 074) were higher than those in aquatic product samples (1.6%, 24/1 488) and vegetable samples (1.1%, 8/748). The predominant biotype was 1A (95.5%) and predominant serotype was O∶8 (42.3%). All the strains lacked ail, ystA, yadA and virF genes, which encoded pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. Seventy six (68.5%) strains harbored ystB gene, in which 35 (31.5%) belonged to 1A/O∶8/ystB pattern. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin (74.8%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (70.3%), and non-sensitive rate to Cefoxitin was over 50.0%. No third generation cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone resistant strains were detected, but 38.7% (43/111) strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Serotype O∶8 and O∶5 strains had 44 and 18 PFGE patterns, respectively.@*Conclusions@#The main foodborne exposure sources of Y. enterocolitica in raw food were poultry and livestock products in Pudong New District. 1A/O∶8/ystB was the predominant pattern with potential pathogenicity despite lacks of typical pathogenic virulent genes. The antimicrobial resistant rates of Y. enterocolitica were at a low level, but MDR strains still existed. Molecular types of the isolates showed highly genetic diversity.

Infection status and virulent genes of Aeromonas in diarrhea patients in Pudong New Area, Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the infection status and virulent genes of Aeromonas in patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong New Area, Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2012, stool samples were collected from diarrhea patients in 12 sentinel hospitals in Pudong for the detections of 13 pathogens causing diarrhea, and the detections of 5 diarrhea related virulent genes were conducted for Aeromonas isolates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 101 patients were infected with Aeromonas in 2533 patients (4.0%). A total of 101 Aeromonas strains were isolated, including 17 Aeromonas hydrophila strains (18.8%), 44 Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria strains (52.5%) and 12 Aeromonas caviae strains (29.7%). And 44 coinfections with other pathogens were detected. Aeromonas infection mainly occurred in summer and in people aged ≥20 years. Among the patients infected with Aeromonas, 71 (70.3%) had watery diarrhea, 20 (19.8%) had vomiting and 11 (10.9%) had fever. Virulent genes detection showed that 95.0% of the Aeromonas. strains carried virulent genes, and the detection rates of hlyA, aerA, act, alt, and ast genes were 5.9%, 6.9%, 67.3%, 42.6% and 13.9%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High incidence of Aeromonas infection was found in the patients with acute diarrhea in Pudong, and a high proportion of coinfections with other pathogens was detected too. Most Aeromonas strains carried virulent genes, and the distribution varied.</p>

Application of near infrared spectroscopy to the analysis and fast quality assessment of traditional Chinese medicinal products

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely applied in both qualitative and quantitative analysis. There is growing interest in its application to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and a review of recent developments in the field is timely. To present an overview of recent applications of NIRS to the identification, classification and analysis of TCM products, studies describing the application of NIRS to TCM products are classified into those involving qualitative and quantitative analysis. In addition, the application of NIRS to the detection of illegal additives and the rapid assessment of quality of TCMs by fast inspection are also described. This review covers over 100 studies emphasizing the application of NIRS in different fields. Furthermore, basic analytical principles and specific examples are used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of NIRS in pattern identification. NIRS provides an effective and powerful tool for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of TCM products.

A Case-Control Study of Suicide among Psychiatric Inpatients in the Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To identify potential risk factors of suicide among schizophrenic inpatients,in order to provide basis of how to prevent suicide in psychiatric inpatients.Method:A retrospective analysis among inpatients with mental disorders in Guangzhou psychiatric hospital from 1956 to 2005,the first psychiatric hospital,in China.Using a case-control design,sixty four schizophrenic inpatients(suicide group) who committed suicide in psychiatric hospital and the same number of randomly selected control subjects(control group) who had no incident of suicide were selected and their psychiatric records were compared.Results:The rate of suicide was 133.1(95% CI 103.4-62.9) per 100 000 admissions.Sixty four cases(83.1%) were diagnosed as schizophrenia,fifty nine(76.6%) were hung by themselves,and fifty two(67.5%) happened in wards.The numbers of hospitalization and the suicide attempts before and duration of hospitalization were significantly higher in suicide group than that in control group(P=0.001,0.017,0.003),and guilty thoughts,depressive mood were significantly higher in suicide group than that in control group(P=0.006,0.004).Both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts one month before and during hospitalization were significantly higher in suicide group than that in control group(P