Mechanism of HMGB1 in scarring after glaucoma drainage valve implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the dynamic expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)in scar tissues after glaucoma drainage valve implantation, and to further reveal the role and possible mechanism of HMGB1 in scarring after glaucoma surgery.METHODS: A total of 60 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group(n=20), model group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac)and model with drug administration group(n=20, silicone implantation under conjunctival sac combined with 5-fluorouracil injection). The conjunctival tissues were collected at 4 and 8 wk after surgery. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the proliferation and distribution of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in conjunctival tissues. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect the distribution and changes of HMGB1, transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1, Smad3 and α-smooth muscle actin(SMA)in conjunctival tissues. RT-PCR and Western blot were adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in conjunctival tissues.RESULTS: HE staining and Masson staining showed that the proliferation of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk. Meanwhile, the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers in the model with drug administration group was significantly lower than that in the model group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA protein was observed in the conjunctival tissues of the model group both 4 and 8 wk, with brown and significantly deeper staining of the model group at 8 wk. Meanwhile, the positive staining in the model with drug administration group at both 4 and 8 wk was significantly lower than that in the model group. There was positive correlations between the number of fibroblasts stained with HE and the expression of HMGB1 in the conjunctival tissue of the model group at both 4 and 8 wk(r=0.602, 0.703, all P<0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both 4 and 8 wk(all P<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in the model with drug administration group were significantly lower than those in the model group(all P<0.05). There was positive correlations between mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and TGF-β1, Smad3 in the model group and the model with drug administration group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of HMGB1 increased at a time-dependent manner after glaucoma valve implantation. HMGB1 acts an indispensable role in the initiation and progression of scar formation after glaucoma surgery, which may be involved in the regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Diagnostic utility of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound in peripheral pulmonary lesions / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound in peripheral pulmonary nodules. Methods    The clinical imaging, surgical and pathological data of 60 patients with 76 peripheral pulmonary nodules who underwent electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound guided biopsy in the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from June 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis rate and complications were analyzed and summarized. The 76 pulmonary nodules were divided into a small pulmonary nodules group (10 nodules, diameter≤1 cm) and a pulmonary nodules group (1 cm<diameter≤3 cm, 66 nodules) according to diameter. The two groups were compared in terms of operation and diagnosis rate. Results    Pulmonary nodules diameter was 1.8±0.6 cm, operation time 29.8±8.6 min, navigation 2.9±0.9 times, biopsy 9.5±1.9 pieces. In the 76 pulmonary nodules, 55 were confirmed by pathology, with a total diagnosis rate of 72.4%,  including 32 of malignant lesions and 23 of benign lesions. In the 76 pulmonary nodules, 59 had grade 0 hemorrhage, 17 had grade 1 hemorrhage, and none had grade 2 or more serious hemorrhage. Eight patients developed pneumothorax after surgery, and the degree of lung compression was less than 30%, which was improved after symptomatic treatment with oxygen inhalation. The operation time in the small pulmonary nodules group was significantly longer than that in the pulmonary nodules group, and there was no significant difference in diagnosis rate or complications between the two groups. Conclusion    Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound is a safe and effective method for the diagnosis of periphery pulmonary nodules, and it also has a high diagnostic rate for small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm), which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Toilet facilities and student toilet-using behavior in rural primary schools / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of toilet facilities among rural primary schools and toilet-using behavior among primary students,and to provide a reference for improving school environment.@*Methods@#Totally 149 students in 2 rural non-boarding primary schools in northern China were selected. and on-site observation and questionnaire survey were used to obtain the current situation of toilet hygiene, toilet time and toilet behavior, as well as feelings towards school toilet. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed by using SAS 9.4.@*Methods@#Both two schools were deep pit latrine, the number of pit in female toilets is lower than the requirements of the “Code for design of school”, and the urinal trough and the number of pit in male toilet meet the standard requirements. The average total time of toilet-using was (28.46±11.72)s for boys and (42.48±15.52)s for girls, the difference was of significant difference (t=-7.96, P<0.01). The average actual time of toilet-using is (24.27±9.13)s for boys and (24.69±9.40)s for girls, with no statistical difference. The result showed that school 2 was better than school 1 in the behavior of urinating frequency in toilet, queuing when using toilet, and the way to express needs of toilet-using in class(χ2=11.70,27.19,17.74,P<0.05); senior students use less toilets than lower grade students. The main complains for students in school toilet hygiene is its bad smell(χ2=5.28，13.18，P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Primary school students in northern China always take bathroom breaks in the morning, and the average time of toilet-using is different from that of adults. Senior students are more willing to express their toilet needs than lower grade students. Students are not satisfied with the hygiene of school toilets, and the toilet experience is poor.

Research progress on receptor interacting proteins in inflammation / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Receptor interacting proteins (RIPs) are a group of threonine/serine protein kinases, which have relatively conserved kinase domains and different non-kinase domains, and are involved in physiological and pathological processes including innate immune response and inflammation. In recent years, many studies have shown that RIPs mediate cell necroptosis and triggers inflammatory responses by participating in the formation of necrotic complexes, and RIP1 and RIP3 are particularly closely related to cell necrosis. Cell necroptosis is a well-regulated way of cell death. The death signal that transmit through the TNF signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway can recruit and phosphorylate mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), and eventually leading to disintegration and death of cells, and the release of cells intercellular material after cell disintegration can trigger an inflammatory reaction. This review mainly focuses on the major signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that are involved in the mediation of necrosis and inflammation by RIPs. It also highlights the importance of RIPs in the development of inflammatory diseases and their potentials as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

Preconditioning with cordycepin attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfu-sion injury in SD rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To study whether cordycepin (Cordy) plays a role in myocardial protection by regulating the expression of microRNA-455 ( miR-455) and reducing apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in the ischemia -reperfusion (IR) rats.METHODS: SD rats (250 ~300 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, the chests of the rats were only opened;IR group, the rats were given myocardial ischemia for 30 min, and then reperfusion for 120 min;IR+Cordy group:before IR, the rats were given Cordy (10 mg/kg) through femoral vein injection once a day for one week, and the last injection was given 30 min before ischemia.Automated biochemical analysis was used to detect rat serum activity of LDH and CK-MB.The myocardial endothelial cell ( EC) apoptotic rate was measured by TUNEL , and the ultrastructural changes of the myocardial EC were observed under transmission electron microscope .RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-455 and the mRNA levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 ( Grp78) and caspase-12 in the myo-cardium.RESULTS:Compared with control group, EC apoptosis in IR group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with IR group , EC apoptosis in IR +Cordy group decreased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with control group, swelling of mitochondria , irregular membrane , loose wrinkles with vacuoles , disappeared matrix granules , irregular nuclear membrane , chromatin condensation , disappeared nucleoli and even small apoptosis body in the EC were found in IR group.Compared with IR group , the symptoms in IR +Cordy group were greatly improved .Compared with control group, the mRNA expression of Grp78 and caspase-12 as well as the miR-455 level in IR group was increased (P<0.05). Compared with IR group , the mRNA expression of Grp78 and caspase-12, as well as the miR-455 level in IR+Cordy group was decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Cordycepin attenuates myocardial EC apoptosis , down-regulates the expres-sion of miR-455, and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress in the myocardium .

Effect of Ultrasound-guided Subcostal Transverses Abdominis Plane Block with Dexmedetomidine after Laparoscopic Radical Oper-ation on Colon / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the effect of ultrasound-guided subcostal transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block with dexmedeto-midine after laparoscopic radical operation. Methods 40 patients underwent laparoscopic radical operation for colorectal cancer were ran-domized into dexmedetomidine group (group DEX) and control group (group CON). All the patients received ultrasound-guided subcostal TAP block after operation, Group DEX with dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg and 0.25%ropivacaine to 20 ml, and group CON with 0.25%ropiva-caine 20 ml. All the patients were assessed with Ramsay scores and the pain at rest and on coughing were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), 2, 6, 12, 24 and 24 hours after operation. The highest level and the duration of sensory blockade, the first time and the total times of pressing the analgesia pump in the first day after operation, and the requirements of sufentanil were recorded. First flatus time, first diet time and the length of hospital stay were compared. Results The scores of VAS were significantly less (P<0.001), and the Ramsay scores were more in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.01) 2, 6 and 12 hours after operation; with the longer time of sensory blockade (P<0.001), the later to first press the analgesia pump (P<0.001), the less frequence of pressing the analgesia pump (P<0.001), and less dosage of sufentanil (P<0.001). The first flatus time, first diet time were significantly earlier in the group DEX than in the group CON (P<0.001), with the less length of total hospital stay (P<0.001). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can promote the anaesthesia of ultra-sound-guided subcostal TAP block with ropivacaine and improve the recovery after laparoscopic radical operation.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Massage on Upper Limbs Spasticity in Stroke Patients Accepted Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of traditional Chinese massage on upper limbs spasticity in stroke patients who accepted Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection. Methods 74 stroke patients with upper limbs spasticity were divided into treatment group (n=36)and control group (n=38). The control group received BTX-A injection, and the treatment group received massage after injection. Both groups received rehabilitation training after injection and were assessed with modified Ashworth scale, Fugl-Meyer assessment and modified Barthel index before and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. Results All the scores of assessments improved in both groups after treatment (P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). Conclusion Addition of traditional Chinese massage doesn't work more on spasticity of upper limbs after stroke when accepted BTX-A injection.

Detection of EBV-LMP1 antibodies in sera and clinical significance in the patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the levels of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 Antibodies (LMP1-Ab) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)sera and discuss the clinical significance of this test in diagnosis, prognosis, and immune-targeted therapy of NPC.@*METHOD@#Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot method were used to detect the LMP1-Ab levels in 61 NPC sera, 30 nasopharyngitis sera, and 55 normal sera. The relationship between the LMP1-Ab level and clinical and pathological features of NPC was analyzed.@*RESULT@#ELISA test showed that LMP1 antibodies level was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group than those in nasopharyngitis group and in healthy group and there were statistical significances (all P0.05). Western blot test revealed that the expression of LMP1 antibodies was higher in NPC sera than in nasopharyngitis sera and in normal sera.@*CONCLUSION@#LMP1-Ab level was higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma group than in nasopharyngitis group and in normal group. Therefore, LMP1 may be considered as a tumor correlated antigen to help the diagnosis and immune-targeted therapy of NPC.