Research on medical radioisotope production technology by medium and high-energy cyclotron and solid target / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

In this paper, the domestic and international demand and development trend of clinical diagnostic radionuclides are analyzed, and the medium and high-energy cyclotrons, adequate and systematic facilities, and preparation techniques required for the production of medical radionuclides based on solid targets are introduced. This paper focuses on the research and development carried out by some important medical institutions and scientific research institutes in China over the years in the aspects of medium and high-energy cyclotrons, beam transmission lines, high-power irradiation target stations and new medical isotope production processes etc. It also looks forward to some new directions for the development of medical radionuclides in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.

Roles of neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in organ function impairment in sepsis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Sepsis is a condition of severe organ failure caused by the maladaptive response of the host to an infection. It is a severe complication affecting critically ill patients, which can progress to severe sepsis, septic shock, and ultimately death. As a vital part of the human innate immune system, neutrophils are essential in resisting pathogen invasion, infection, and immune surveillance. Neutrophil-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in organ dysfunction related to sepsis. In recent years, ROS have received a lot of attention as a major cause of sepsis, which can progress to severe sepsis and septic shock. This paper reviews the existing knowledge on the production mechanism of neutrophil ROS in human organ function impairment because of sepsis.

Clinical manifestation and outcome of 21 newborns with human inborn error of immunity / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with inborn error of immunity (IEI) onset in the neonatal period.Methods:The clinical data of 21 cases of IEI neonates admitted to the Neonatal Center of Beijing Children′s Hospital were collected, and their clinical manifestations, peripheral blood test characteristics, genetic diagnosis, and primary disease during hospitalization were collected.The prognosis follow-up results were summarized and analyzed.Results:Twenty-one children with IEI were finally diagnosed by whole exome sequencing, including 15 cases of primary immunodeficiency(including 6 cases of chronic granulomatous disease, 3 cases of DiGeogre syndrome, 2 cases of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, 2 cases of severe combined immunodeficiency disease, 1 case of selective IgA deficiency, and 1 case of ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency), 5 cases of infantile inflammatory bowel disease, and 1 case of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Clinical manifestations of sepsis and colitis were the most common(accounting for 12/21), and 16/21 of the children had an increase in the absolute value of eosinophils(>0.5×10 9/L). Children received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation accounted for 7/21, and the median time of receiving transplantation was 11 months after birth.By the time of follow-up, the primary disease remission after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation accounted for 5/7.Among them, 2 cases were diagnosed with CGD associated inflammatory bowel disease before transplantation, and the primary disease resolved after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Of the 14 children who did not receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 10 children died.Five of the 11 deaths were treated with systematic steroid before diagnosised. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of IEI in the neonatal period are not specific.Sepsis and colitis are the most common manifestations.Most of the cases have elevated eosinophils in the peripheral blood.Systematic streoid therapy needs to be cautious, and timely evaluation for hematopoietic stem cells transplantation is an effective option to resolution.

Quantification of ambrisentan in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To establish an LC-MS/MS method to determine the concentration of ambrisentan in human plasma and apply it to the study of human pharmacokinetics. METHODS: After extracting ambrisentan and internal standard from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry C

Study of clinical manifestations and outcomes of 14 newborns with primary immunodeficiency disease / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations, genetic disorder, prognosis of 14 neonates with primary immunodeficiency disease(PID).Methods:A total of 14 newborns with PID admitted to Department of Neonatology at Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were enrolled for retrospective analysis, focusing on their clinical manifestation, peripheral blood cell examnations, gene mutation, and outcomes after hemotopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT).Results:The average gestational age of the newborn was (38.6±1.2) weeks, the birth weight was (3 265±325)g, and the median diagnosis time was 57.5 days.Fourteen newborns with PID were diagnosed by whole exome sequencing as chronic granuloma (6/14), DiGeogre syndrome (3/14), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (2/14), severe combined immunodeficiency (2/14) and selective IgA deficiency (1/14). Regarding the clinical manifestations, fever, pneumounia and colitis accounted for 7/14, the decrease of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood accounted for 6/14, and the decrease of B lymphocytes accounted for 5/14.The absolute value of eosinophils increased (>500 cells/mm 3) accounted for 12/14, of which moderately increased (1 500 to 5 000 cells/mm 3) accounted for 5/12, and the absolute value of monocytes increased (median>1.5×10 9/L) accounted for 7/14.Follow-up children received HSCT accounted for 7/14, and the median time of receiving transplantation was 330 days after birth.By the time of follow-up, the primary disease resolved after HSCT accounted for 5/7, and the survival rate was 85.7%.Among them, two children with chronic granulomatosis were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease before transplantation, and the primary disease improved after HSCT.Three-quarters of the deaths had inflammatory bowel disease-like manifestations and died of infectious shock. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of children with PID during the neonatal period are not specific.The manifestations of colitis need more attention.Some of the newborns with PID will evolve into inflammatory bowel disease or have inflammatory bowel disease-like manifestations or even die of it.HSCT is a fundamental treatment for the primary disease.

Moderating effect of cognitive appraisal on relationship between induceddepression and attentional bias in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore how induced depression influences attentional bias and the moderating effect of cognitive appraisal.Methods:Eighty college students participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the induced depression group (n=40, accepted a procedure of depression induction) and the control group (n=40, accepted a procedure of the same time rest).Then, a 2 (induced depression group vs.control group) × 2 (different location vs.same location) mixed design experiment was conducted with the cognitive appraisal as the moderator and the attentional bias as the dependent variable.Induced depression was manipulated by an induction process, attentional bias was measured with the dot-probe task and cognitive appraisal was assessed with the visual analogue mood scales.Results:The reaction time to the different location was longer than that to the same location in the induced depression group [ (374.1±62.0) ms vs. (367.8±60.9) ms, P＜0.01], while there was no statistically significant difference between the reaction time to the different and the same location in the control group (P＞0.05).Bootstrap analysis showed that cognitive appraisal played a statistically significant moderating role in the influence of induced depression on attentional bias (P＜0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that the college students with induced depression show negative attentional bias and cognitive appraisal may play a moderating role on the relationship between depression and attentional bias.

Development and evaluation of LC-MS/MS method for determining concentration of serum vancomycin / 临床检验杂志

Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography ( LC-MS/MS) method for determination of vancomycin concentration in human serum and compare its methodological performance with chemiluminescence microparticle immuno-assay (CMIA). Methods The proteins in serum sample were precipitated by methanol and then vancomycin was eluted and separated on Agilent Poroshell 120EC C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 2.7 μm) with mobile phase of methanol and water in a gradient percentage. Both phases of methanol and water contained 0.1% formic acid. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. Norvancomycin was applied as internal standard. Electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). A total of 112 serum samples collected from the patients taking vancomycin in our hospital, and the results were compared with those of CMIA. Results The method exhibited good linearty within the concentration range of 1 to 100 μg/mL (r2＝ 0.9964).The intra-and inter-day accuracy and precision were all satisfactory for the requirements of quantitative drug testing. No matrix effect and carry-over effect were observed. The results of Wilcoxon symbol rank test showed a difference with statistical significance was found between the serum con-centrations of vancomycin determined by LC-MS/MS and CMIA (P＜0.05), but strong positive correlation and good linear regression were shown between the two methods (Y＝1.06X－0.37, r＝0.986). Conclusion LC-MS/MS should be a cost-saving method superior to CMIA. Its results highly correlated with those of CMIA method. The advantages of LC-MS/MS on accuracy and precision obviously outperformed those of CMIA. Since all the results of LC-MS/MS are comparable to CMIA, this method should be promising to use in determining concentration of vancomycin in serum samples with high clinical value.

Clinical analysis of 14 newborns with neck masses / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of neck masses in newborns. Methods All cases of neck masses in newborns admitted to NICU of Beijing Children's Hospital form January 2016 to Febrary 2018 were included,and the clinical manifestations,examinations,treatments and outcomes were evaluated. Results Fourteen cases of newborn's neck masses were collected. The time of onset was 8 cases at birth,1 case earlier than 7 days,5 cases after 7 days. Seven cases were admitted with dyspnea,10 cases combined with neck infections. Neck ultrasound examinations were performed in all 14 cases,CT scan in 2 cases,MRI in 10 cases. Five cases were given endotracheal intubation after admission, among them 3 cases needed mechanical ventilation. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was used in 3 cases. Thirteen cases received anti-infective treatment. Punctures were performed in 4 cases. Surgical resec-tions were taken in 6 cases. Two cases were diagnosed as local primary infection. Six cases were confirmed by surgery,including 4 cases of branchial cleft cyst,1 case of esophageal duplication and 1 case of lymphangio-ma. Conclusion The neck masses of the newborn is prone to upper airway obstruction. Part of them need endotracheal intubation to open the airway. And the infection can be combined. There is a certain rate of misdiagnosis before operation,and the treatment plan is different according to the nature of the mass.

Determination of halometasone and its pharmacokinetics study in rabbit plasma by LC-MS/MS / 中国药理学通报

Aim TodevelopandvalidateaLC-MS/MS assay to quantify halometasone in rabbit plasma and study pharmacokinetics of halometasone after dermal topical administration of Halometasone Cream.Meth-ods Theplasmasamplewassubmittedtoliquid-liquid extraction using methyl tertiary butyl ether,with dexa-methasone as the internal standard (IS ).Chromato-graphic separations were performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(100 mm ×4. 6 mm,5 μm)with a linear gra-dient of methanol and 2 mmol · L-1 ammonium ace-tate.Halometasone and dexamethasone(IS)were ion-ized with an ESI source operated in negative ion mode, and the detected ions were m/z 503. 1→413. 0 (halo-metasone),m/z 391. 0→361. 0 (dexamethasone ). The test article could be monitored in rabbit plasma when following single dermal topical administration of Halometasone Cream at 1 g/100 cm2 to rabbits by u-singavalidatedLC-MS/MSassay.Results Calibra-tion curve was linear over the concentration range of0. 02~20 μg·L-1 in rabbit plasma.For low,medi-um,high concentration of QC solutions,the intra-and inter-day precision was in the range of 3. 72% ~7. 87%, and the accuracy was within 99. 1% to 103%. The pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbits were as follows:Tmax,Cmax,AUC0-t,T1/2 was (7. 38 ± 1. 06)h,(1. 16 ±0. 527)μg·L-1,(18. 8 ±7. 23)h·μg·L-1 ,(13. 8 ±3. 70)h,respectively.Conclusions ThisLC-MS/MSanalysismethodhashighsensitivi-ty,and sample processing method is simple,which has been rigorously validated.The method could be suc-cessfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of halo-metasone after skin administration of Halometasone Cream to rabbits.

Strategy programming for acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries / 中国针灸

Acupuncture has been applied in 183 countries and regions and gradually become a name card as TCM spreads across the world. The international influence of which plays a significant role in enhancing TCM development. The laws and regulations of TCM acupuncture along One-Belt-One-Road countries were compared and analyzed in this article. With comprehensive research and analysis, the international development strategy of acupuncture was rationally proposed. Combined with the historical background of China's national initiative One-Belt-One-Road, the acupuncture was taken as a breakthrough to lead the global spreading of TCM culture and Chinese herbs, so as to enhance China's soft strength, which could further create a fine cultural environment for the economic prosperity of One-Belt-One-Road countries. In addition, the strategy selection for China regarding TCM acupuncture development along One-Belt-One-Road countries was proposed, and the suggestive solution and implementation strategy for the essential missions and significant issues were provided.

Current development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India:a case study of West Bengal / 中国针灸

Acupuncture-moxibustion was introduced to India in mid-20th century and has been legislated in two provinces in India where the registration of acupuncture practitioners is implemented at present. In India, the central government recognizes that acupuncture-moxibustion is an approach of treatment and is permitted by the licensed doctor. Because of the weakness of the basic development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India, the go-vernment put great effort to support and protect their national traditional medicine. Acupuncture-moxibustion development is mainly in the folk and in the progression for the provincial and governmental legislation. In the paper, by taking West Bengal as example, the legislation, clinical application, education and scientific research of acupuncture-moxibustion are analyzed so that an approach is explored for the further development of acupuncture-moxibustion in India.

Determination of the Enantiomer in Safinamide Mesilate by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective: To establish a determination method for the enantiomer in safinamide mesilate. Methods: A Chiralpak ASH (250 mm ×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) column was used with the mobile phase of n-hexane-ethanol-diethylamine (75 ∶ 25 ∶ 0. 1). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The wavelength was set at 225 nm. The column temperature was 35℃. Results: The resolution of safinamide mesilate and the enantiomer was above 2. 0. The linear range of them was 1. 007-2 517. 500 μg·ml-1 and 0. 909-2273. 200 μg·ml-1 ,respectively(r = 0. 999 0). The average recovery of the enantionmer was 104. 9% with RSD of 2. 3% (n = 9). Conclusion: The method is accurate and rapid, and suitable for the determination of the enantiomer in safinamide mesilate.

Simultaneous Determination of 3 Optical Isomers in Carfilzomib by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of optical isomers in carfilzomib .Methods:The sample was separated on a Chiralpak OX-H column.The mobile phase consisted of n-hexane∶isopropanol∶alcohol (89 ∶5 ∶6, v/v/v) with a flow rat of 1.0 ml· min-1 .The detection wavelength was 220 nm.Results:The linear rang of enantiomer , diastereomer Ⅰand di-astereomer Ⅱwas 0.54-2.14 μg· ml -1,0.11-1.80 μg· ml-1 and 0.11-1.81 μg· ml-1(r≥0.998), respectively.The lower limit of quantification was 0.07-0.27 μg· ml-1 .The recoveries of optical isomers were within the range of 99.6%-100.9% with RSD of 1.13%-1.59%(n=9).Conclusion:The method is sensitive, simple, fast, accurate and specific, and suitable for the study of opti-cal isomers in carfilzomib .

Effects of main post combined with auxiliary pile on the fracture resistance of the flat-shaped residual roots / 实用口腔医学杂志

20 first mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =10).The teeth in experimental group were treated by fi-ber main post in combination with auxiliary pile,in control group by single fiber main post,and then were restored by metal crown.They were fixed in universal testing machine.The fracture load(N)of experimental and control group was (846.50 ±40.33)and (437.90 ±41.15) respectively(P <0.01).

Pathogenesis of neonatal pulmonary hypertension in different stages / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To discuss the relationship between the clinical pathogenesis and progression in neonatal pulmonary hypertension in different stages.Methods Total 169 cases of pulmonary hypertension were admitted in our NICU from June 2006 to May 2012,all the cases were involved in this retrospective study.They were divided into two groups in chronological order:early group 79 cases (from June 2006 to May 2009) and late group 90 cases (from June 2009 to May 2012).The data records include gender,gestational age,protopathy,echocardiography examination results.Furthermore,the cause and development of neonatal pulmonary hypertension were analyzed in different stages.Results The admission time in the early group was later than the late group [(2.15 ± 1.2) d vs (1.41 ±0.70) d].Meconium aspiration syndrome in the early group were 25 cases (31.6％) and the late group were 14 cases (15.6％).Other complications,such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,aspiration pneumonia,wet lung/sepsis,neonatal asphyxia,neonatal infectious pneumonia had no difference between the two groups(P ＞0.05).Neonatal pulmonary hypertension in two groups had no statistical difference between term and post term patients,but premature in the early group (11 cases,13.9％) were less than the late group (23 cases,25.6％).Echocardiography was recorded after admission,mild and moderate pulmonary hypertension had no statistical differences in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The severe pulmonary hypertension cases in the early group were more than those in the late group (26 cases vs 17 cases).Conclusion Along with the improvement of perinatal monitoring and resuscitation technology in different stages,the cases of meconium aspiration syndrome with pulmonary hypertension are fallen down and the patients transferred to the superior hospital decreased.The amount of pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants increases,and the admission time of patients with neonatal pulmonary hypertension are shortened.The amount of severe pulmonary hypertension are less than those in the early time.It plays a positive role in best approach to improving treatment and outcomes.

Follow-up of infants of diabetic mother combined with heart disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the cardiac structure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of infant of diabetic mother(IDM),to analyze of the outcome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in IDM.Methods Totally 23 cases of IDM admitted in NICU from Feb.2012 to Jan.2013 were selected as observation group,randomly selected from the same period with gestational age of diabetic mother baby 23 cases as control group.The interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness,aortic valve internal diameter,right ventricular diameter,ejection fraction were detected and compared between the 2 groups.And echocardiography was followed up in 3 months and 6 months old.Results In IDM group,interventricular septum thickness [(3.20 ± 0.28) mm],left ventricular posterior wall thickness [(3.40 ± 0.31) mm] were significantly higher than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Ejection fraction [(54.00 ± 3.76) × 10-2] was significantly lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Follow-up after 3 months,6 months old,interventricular septum thickness,left ventricular posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction returned to normal.Four of the 23 cases(17.4％) had cardiac malformations.Conclusions IDM has high morbidity of congenital heart disease,echocardiography should be done to identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease after birth.IDM combined with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a transient,benign process,prognosis is good.

Correlation analysis of risk factors for persistant pulmonary hypertension after resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze of the risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn(PPHN) after resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia.Methods Total 92 cases of PPHN in neonatal asphyxia were admitted in NICU,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from Jan.2009 to Dec.2013 as PPHN group.According to patients condition,to case-control study method were randomly selected 92 cases without PPHN in neonatal asphyxia in the same period as control group.Except for other serious complications with PPHN,such as respiratory distress syndrome,meconium inhalation,pulmonary hemorrhage,neonatal severe pulmonary infection and diaphragmatic hernia.Apgar score and rescue measures after asphyxia based on the newborn perinatal questionnaire and body temperature,blood sugar,arterial blood gas and echocardiography on admission were recorded.Results Respiratory treatment of PPHN group and control group were 71 cases (77.2％) vs 28 cases (30.4％),respectively.There was significant difference (x2 =6.380,P =0.012).On admission,mean arterial pressure [(32.36 ± 11.52) mmHg],temperature [(34.3 ±0.28) ℃],blood sugar [(2.56 ±0.77) mmol/L] and arterial blood pH value (7.16 ±0.21) in PPHN group were lower than those of the control group [(38.55 ± 9.18) mmHg,(36.5 ± 0.71) ℃,(3.46 ± 0.53) mmol/L,7.21 ±0.14].For mild and severe asphyxia cases in the PPHN group,blood gas and pulmonary hypertension had no statistical difference after rescucitation in the delivery hospital.Conclusions Acidosis,hypothermia,low blood pressure and hypoglycaemia after resuscitation in neonatal asphyxia are major risk factors for genesis of PPHN.This research shows that rescue after asphyxia timely,early and respiratory support effectively,monitoring closely,treatment of hypoglycemia and hypothermia,correct acidosis and maintain blood pressure can play a positive role in decreasing the morbidity of PPHN in neonatal asphyxia.

Clinical features and causes of neonatal shock / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical features of neonatal shock retrospectively.Methods Totally 144 neonates were enrolled in this retrospective study from Sep.2006 to Sep.2012 in NICU of Beijing Children's Hospital.Clinical data were collected from our database,including the primary disease,manifestation,laboratory findings,treatment and prognosis.Results According to the severity of shock,28 cases were mild,85 were moderate,31 were severe.Regarding to the type of shock,71 cases were cardiogenic shock,22 cases were hypovolemic shock,51 cases were septic shock.About 69.4％ patients were cured,only 9 cases died.Eight of them died of septic shock.Totally 33 cases in pH ＜7.15 group,2 of them died.In pH≥7.15 group,111 cases were involved,7 of them died.There was no significant difference of mortality between two groups (P =0.959).Conclusion Neonatal shock mostly occurred within 3 days after birth,and cardiogenic shock were dominating.Septic shock increased with age,and were responsible for death.

Awareness of diagnosis and treatment for chronic hepatitis B among general practitioners at communities and effectiveness of its intervention / 中华全科医师杂志

Totally, 102 general practitioners (GPs) from 40 community health-care service centers in a district of Beijing were investigated for their awareness of diagnosis, treatment and prevention for chronic hepatitis B and evaluating effectiveness of their training with self-designed questionnaire before and after professional training.Before training, higher awareness of knowledge about prevention for hepatitis B had been achieved in GPs, such as "hepatitis C is communicable" (78/102, 76.5% ), "hepatitis B can be prevented by protective antibody" ( 76/102, 74.5% ), whereas only 3.9% ( 4/102 ) of GPs knew indications of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B, 4.9% (5/102) could describe complications of decompensated cirrhosis and 19.6% (20/102) knew methods for screening primary hepatocellular carcinoma.After training, their awareness increased significantly to 93.1% (95/102), 49.0% (50/102)and 86.3% (88/102), respectively (all P ＜0.01 ).Now, GPs' knowledge about diagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B is still insufficient at community health-care centers and professional training can improve their awareness.It is an important assurance for patients with chronic hepatitis B to be better managed in both of specialized hospitals and community health-care centers by enhancing professional training for GPs indiagnosis and treatment for hepatitis B.