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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of durian peel extracts (DPE). Methods The in vivo anti-inflammation effects of DPE were examined by carrageenin-induced mice paw edema test and allergic contact dermatitis test induced by 2, 4-DNFB. And the in vitro anti-inflammation effects of DPE were evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay in RAW 264.7 cell model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results The results of animal experiments showed that DPE groups could markedly relieve mice paw edema induced by carrageenin ( P<0.01 or P<0.001 compared with blank group). DPE could effectively inhibit the allergic contact dermatitis induced by 2, 4-DNFB in mice, showing good dose-effect relationship. The results of in-vitro test showed that DPE at the given concentrations had no influence on RAW 264.7 cell proliferation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF-α) , interleukin 6 ( IL-6) , interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-кВ ) were observably inhibited, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced by 25 and 50 mg/L of DPE. Conclusion DPE exert potential anti-inflammation effect, and the mechanism might be related to its inhibition of NF-кВsignal pathway.
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Ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine lack of the morphological characters and microscopic identification features. This makes it hard to identify herb's authenticity with traditional methods. We tested ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode in identification of herbal medicine in ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder in this study. We extracted genomic DNAs of 93 samples of 31 representative herbal medicines (28 species), which include whole plant, roots and bulbs, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. The ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. The ITS2 sequences were identified using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method in the GenBank database and DNA barcoding system to identify the herbal medicine. The genetic distance was analyzed using the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 6.0. The results showed that DNA can be extracted successfully from 93 samples and high quality ITS2 sequences can be amplified. All 31 herbal medicines can get correct identification via BLAST method. The ITS2 sequences of raw material medicines, ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder have same sequence in 26 herbal medicines, while the ITS2 sequences in other 5 herbal medicines exhibited variation. The maximum intraspecific genetic-distances of each species were all less than the minimum interspecific genetic distances. ITS2 sequences of each species are all converged to their standard DNA barcodes using NJ method. Therefore, using ITS2 barcode can accurately and effectively distinguish ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine. It provides a new molecular method to identify ultrafine powder and cell wall-broken powder of herbal medicine in the quality control and market supervision.
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In this paper, the research work of Cell-broken Pieces of traditional Chinese Medicine was summarized;the preparation technology, quality standard, effectiveness and safety of typical Cell-broken Pieces were introduced;the attribute, connotation and orientation of Cell-broken Pieces were discussed. It can provide reference for the fur-ther research and development of Cell-broken Pieces of traditional Chinese Medicine.