RESUMEN
As a threat to human health， steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head is a common refractory orthopedic disease mainly caused by glucocorticoids， with poor prognosis and unclear pathogenesis. Osteogenesis-associated signaling pathways play an important role in bone formation. Glucocorticoid-induced abnormal activation and transport of these signaling pathways lead to abnormal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， dysfunction of bone metabolism， and osteogenesis disorders， which may be the main reasons for the occurrence and development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. Bone formation and remodeling need the participation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells， which are stem cells characterized by continuous self-renewal and differentiation. The key to strengthening bone remodeling is to improve the osteogenic differentiation capacity， which is the key point to inhibit bone resorption and prevent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from differentiating into osteoclasts. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been used in the treatment of osteonecrosis in ancient times. It is recorded in the Treasury of Words on Materia Medica （《本草汇编》） that "The deficiency in the lower energizer cannot be tonified without Eucommiae Cortexz.The soreness in lower legs cannot be alleviated without Eucommiae Cortex...The pain in the waist and knee cannot be relieved without Eucommiae Cortex...Tonifying liver and invigorating kidney， Eucommiae Cortex is an essential medicine." This indicates that ancient physicians have already begun to use the liver-tonifying， kidney-invigorating， and sinew-bone-strengthening effects of Eucommiae Cortex for the treatment of osteonecrosis. As the national support for the development of TCM strengthens， increasing studies have been conducted on the TCM prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. Studies have suggested that Chinese medicinal herbs can exert a positive effect on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by affecting targeted signaling molecules， and promote osteogenesis and bone defect repair， thus combating the occurrence and development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head. The regulation of osteogenic signaling pathway by Chinese medicines to prevent steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head has become a hot research topic. This article reviews the studies about the prevention and treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femur head with the active components in Chinese medicinal herbs by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways. We then explore the mechanism of the active components in promoting the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and inhibiting their differentiation into osteoclasts to facilitate bone formation， aiming to provide a reference for the further study of treating steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head with Chinese medicinal herbs.
RESUMEN
Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. It has a high rate of blindness， and the age of onset is gradually getting younger， which seriously affects the physical and mental health and quality of life of patients. The disease is retinal damage induced by diabetes mellitus， which is a kind of fundus disease with the main manifestations of fundus hemorrhage， hard exudation， microhemangioma， cotton-wool spots， neovascularization， etc. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， it is classified into the category of "diabetic cataracts" and other diseases. At present， there is no effective method to prevent the progress of the disease in modern medicine， so it is particularly important to choose a reasonable and effective intervention to prevent and treat DR. Studies have confirmed that TCM has unique advantages in the treatment of DR. It can use its advantages of multiple bioactive components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways to intervene in the development process of DR from various aspects. By searching for the relevant literature on the progress of the intervention of DR with TCM monomers and compounds， this paper mainly reviews the relevant research results of the treatment of DR with multiple signaling pathways such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， nuclear factor kappa-B（NF-κB）， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor （Nrf2）/hemeoxygenase-1 （HO-1）， Hippo， advanced glycation end products （AGEs）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE）， and Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， so as to provide more ideas and directions for the clinical prevention and treatment of DR.
RESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the effect of Roy adaptation model-based intervention on fatigue and posttraumatic growth in patient with malignant lymphoma during chemotherapy.Methods:A total of 110 malignant lymphoma patients who undergoing chemotherapy were randomly divided into study group and control group, with 59 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing method, the study group carried out Roy adaptation model-based intervention. The post-traumatic growth inventorynventory (PTGI) and the revised piper fatigue scale (PFS-R) was evaluated the effect of intervention, respectively.Results:Before and after chemotherapy, the new possibilities, relating to others, personal strength, appreciation of life, spiritual change and total PTGI scores were (8.90±1.00), (17.27±3.66), (15.11±2.63), (15.23±4.19), (4.16±0.87), (60.45±6.49) and (9.64±1.38), (21.49±4.43), (17.78±4.17), (19.31±5.82), (4.95±0.89), (73.16±8.85), in addition, those index scores in the control group were [(8.74±1.40), (17.13±3.86), (15.46±3.55), (15.80±2.81), (4.26±1.15), (61.43±6.93) and (9.14±1.86), (18.44±4.31), (16.34±2.77), (17.97±3.18), (4.74±1.07), (66.63±6.68)]. There was no significant difference in PTGI scores between study group and control group ( P>0.05), however, relating to others, personal strength and total PTGI scores were significantly increased in the study group compared to the control group ( P<0.05). Before and after chemotherapy, the sensory, emotional, knowledge, behavioral and total PFS-R scores were (5.68±0.82), (4.80±1.06), (4.27±0.81), (4.16±0.47), (5.05±0.74) and (2.43±0.73), (4.27±0.61), (2.44±0.45), (4.07±0.73), (3.89±0.77), in addition, those index scores in the control group were [(5.73±1.23), (4.85±0.64), (4.37±0.74), (4.17±0.38), (4.98±0.82) and (4.48±0.72), (4.90±0.75), (3.45±0.53), (4.23±0.81), (4.60±0.57)]. There was no significant difference in PFS-R scores between study group and control group ( P>0.05), however, sensory, emotional, knowledge and total PFS-R scores were significantly decreased in the study group compared to the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Roy adaptation model-based intervention can effectively alleviate fatigue and promote post-traumatic growth in patient with malignant lymphoma during chemotherapy.