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The latest epidemiological data suggests that the situation of adult diabetes in China is severe, and metabolic diseases have become significant chronic illnesses that have a serious impact on public health and social development. After more than six years of practice, the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has developed distinctive approaches to manage metabolic patients and has achieved a series of positive outcomes, continuously advancing the standardized diagnosis and treatment model. In order to further improve the efficiency, based on the first edition, the second edition guideline was composed by incorporating experience of the past six years in conjunction with the latest international and domestic guidelines.
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Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has occurred in China. Higher risk of COVID-19 infection and worse prognosis were observed among patients with diabetes. There are rigorous challenges existing in terms of diabetes prevention and glycemic control in primary medical care during period of COVID-19. Here, expert recommendations were presented by Chinese diabetologists, healthcare providers, and public health administrators to improve the ability of primary health facilities and provide standardized basic public health and medical services throughout the country. The main contents include basic requirements for management, workflow of health management, referral, treatment, as well as the long-term follow-up.
RESUMEN
Since December 2019, the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has occurred in China. Higher risk of COVID-19 infection and worse prognosis were observed among patients with diabetes. There are rigorous challenges existing in terms of diabetes prevention and glycemic control in primary medical care during period of COVID-19. Here, expert recommendations were developed by Chinese diabetologists, healthcare providers, and public health administrators to improve the ability of primary health facilities and provide standardized basic public health and medical services throughout country. The main contents include basic requirements for management, workflow of health management, referral, treatment, and long-term follow-up.
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Objective To study the effect and mechanism of the Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate on the prevent?ing of diabetic retinopathy. Methods A total of 150 viripotent ICR mice(100 male mice, 50 female mice) were randomly di?vided into five groups(n=30), including A group (Sham group), B group (Model group), C group [Fosinopril prevented group, 20 mg/(kg·d)], D group [Fenofibrate prevented group, 400 mg/(kg·d)] and E group (Fosinopril combined with Fenofibrate pre?vented group). The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 gene mRNA were determined by RT-PCR method. TUNEL staining method was used to detect the apoptosisi of retinal cells. Results The Bcl-2 mRNA of A group, Bax mRNA of B group were higher than those of other four groups. Bcl-2 mRNA of E group was higher than that of C group and D group, while the Bax mRNA was lower than those of two groups(all P<0.05). The TUNEL index of B group was the highest than other groups, which of E group
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Objective By measuring the level of serum advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to explore its possible role in the pathogenesis of DR. Methods 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into three groups:30 patients with non-DR (NDR), 30 patients with back ground-DR (BDR), 30 patients with prolifer-ative-DR (PDR). At the same time, 30 healthy controls were selected. The concentration of serum AOPP was measured by modified Wikto-Sarsat, while VEGF and PEDF by ELISA assay. Results The serum level of AOPP increased gradu ally along with the development of DR, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Serum levels of VEGF in T2DM groups were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05), and VEGF in BDR and PDR groups were significantly higher than that in NDR group (P<0.05), but the serum level of VEGF in PDR group was sig-nificantly lower than that in BDR group (P<0.05). The serum level of PEDF in each group was gradually decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum level of VEGF was negatively correlated with PEDF(r=-0.734, P<0.05). The serum level of AOPP was positively correlated with VEGF (r=0.816, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with PEDF (r=-0.905, P<0.05). Conclusion The increase of AOPP and VEGF level in serum of patients with diabetes, and the decrease of PEDF may promote the development of DR.
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A retrospective analysis was carried out in 220 cases of nonfunctional pituitary adenoma (NFA).The diagnosis was based on negative immunohistochemical staining,no elevation of plasma hormone level,and no symptom caused by increased hormone level.Incidence of NFA was the highest(33.13％) among the pituitary tumors.It was more common in males than in females (132 ∶ 88).The highest prevalence resided in the elder group.N FA often caused pituitary apoplexy,and mainly presented as compression symptoms including visual field abnormalities (85.00％),headache (80％),hypopsia (68.66％),and other symptoms of hypopituitarism (44.04％).Imaging features showed tumor size usually within 2-4 cm (71.82％),and aggregated degree Ⅲ or Ⅳ (83.64％).