Efficacy of high-dose dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection eradication in servicemen: a randomized controlled trial / 中华内科杂志

Objective: To assess the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of high-dose dual therapy compared with bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for treating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection in servicemen patients. Methods: A total of 160 H. pylori-infected, treatment-naive servicemen, including 74 men and 86 women, aged from 20 years to 74 years, with a mean (SD) age of 43 (13) years, tested in the First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from March 2022 to May 2022 were enrolled in this open-label, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the 14-day high-dose dual therapy group and the bismuth-containing quadruple therapy group. Eradication rates, adverse events, patient compliance, and drug costs were compared between the two groups. The t-test was used for continuous variables, and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Results: No significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates were found between high-dose dual therapy and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy by ITT, mITT and PP analysis[ITT:90.0% (95%CI 81.2%-95.6%) vs. 87.5% (95%CI 78.2%-93.8%), χ2=0.25, P=0.617;mITT:93.5% (95%CI 85.5%-97.9%) vs. 93.3% (95%CI 85.1%-97.8%), χ2<0.01, P=1.000; PP: 93.5% (95%CI 85.5%-97.9%) vs. 94.5% (95%CI 86.6%-98.5%), χ2<0.01, P=1.000 ]. The dual therapy group exhibited significantly less overall side effects compared with the quadruple therapy group [21.8% (17/78) vs. 38.5% (30/78), χ2=5.15,P=0.023]. There were no significant differences in the compliance rates between the two groups [98.7%(77/78) vs. 94.9%(74/78), χ2=0.83,P=0.363]. The cost of medications in the dual therapy was 32.0% lower compared with that in the quadruple therapy (472.10 RMB vs. 693.94 RMB). Conclusions: The dual regimen has a favorable effect on the eradication of H. pylori infection in servicemen patients. Based on the ITT analysis, the eradication rate of the dual regimen is grade B (90%, good). Additionally, it exhibited a lower incidence of adverse events, better compliance and significantly reduced cost. The dual regimen is expected to be a new choice for the first-line treatment of H. pylori infection in servicemen but needs further evaluation.

Prediction and analysis of Q-markers of Elephantopus scaber based on its UPLC fingerprint, content determination of components, and in vitro a nti-tumor activity / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to provide scientific evidence for predicting quality markers(Q-markers) of Elephantopus scaber by establishing UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber from different geographical origins and determining the content of 13 major components, as well as conducting in vitro anti-cancer activity investigation of the main components. The chromatographic column used was Waters CORTECS UPLC C_(18)(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.6 μm), and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid solution(gradient elution). The column temperature was set at 30 ℃, and the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min~(-1). The injection volume was 1 μL, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. The UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber was fitted using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 edition) to determine common peaks, evaluate similarity, identify and determine the content of major components. The CCK-8 assay was used to explore the inhibitory effect of the main components on the proliferation of lung cancer cells. The results showed that in the established UPLC fingerprint of E. scaber, 35 common peaks were identified. Thirteen major components, including neochlorogenic acid(peak 1), chlorogenic acid(peak 2), cryptochlorogenic acid(peak 3), caffeic acid(peak 4), schaftoside(peak 6), galuteolin(peak 9), isochlorogenic acid B(peak 10), isochlorogenic acid A(peak 12), isochlorogenic acid C(peak 18), deoxyelephantopin(peak 28), isodeoxyelephantopin(peak 29), isoscabertopin(peak 31), and scabertopin(peak 32) were identified and quantified, and a quantitative analysis method was established. The results of the in vitro anti-cancer activity study showed that deoxyelephantopin, isodeoxyelephantopin, isoscabertopin, and scabertopin in E. scaber exhibited inhibition rates of lung cancer cell proliferation exceeding 80% at a concentration of 10 μmol·L~(-1), higher than the positive drug paclitaxel. These results indicate that the fingerprint of E. scaber is highly characteristic, and the quantitative analysis method is accurate and stable, providing references for the research on quality standards of E. scaber. Four sesquiterpene lactones in E. scaber show significant anti-cancer activity and can serve as Q-markers for E. scaber.

Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) on T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and possible mechanism of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and provide experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of T-ALL.@*METHODS@#Jurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of DMF for 24 hours, and then the proportion and absolute count of Ki67-positive Jurkat cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the protein levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 in Jurkat cells treated with DMF for 24 hours were evaluated by Western blot. Nrf2 proteins were co-immunoprecipitated in Jurkat cells, and then HACE1 protein was assessed by Western blot. Plasmids of Flag-Nrf2 and different gradients of Flag-HACE1 were transfected into HEK293T cells, and the levels of Flag-Nrf2 were detected by Western blot after 48 hours.@*RESULTS@#DMF could significantly inhibit the proportion and absolute count of Ki67-positive Jurkat cells, and DMF inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9595, r=0.9054). DMF could significantly up-regulate the protein levels of Nrf2 and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 in Jurkat cells (P<0.01, P<0.01). HACE1 physically interacted with Nrf2 in Jurkat cells. Overexpression of Flag-HACE1 significantly increased the protein level of Flag-Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9771).@*CONCLUSION@#DMF inhibits the proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell. The mechanism may be that, DMF significantly up-regulates the protein levels of Nrf2 and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1, and HACE1 interacts with Nrf2 and positively regulates Nrf2 protein level.

Atractylenolide Ⅰ improves acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the protective effect of atractylenolide Ⅰ(AO-Ⅰ) against acetaminophen(APAP)-induced acute liver injury(ALI) in mice and its underlying mechanism. C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a control group, an APAP group(500 mg·kg~(-1)), a low-dose combination group(500 mg·kg~(-1) APAP + 60 mg·kg~(-1) AO-Ⅰ), and a high-dose combination group(500 mg·kg~(-1) APAP + 120 mg·kg~(-1) AO-Ⅰ). ALI was induced by intraperitoneal injection of APAP(500 mg·kg~(-1)). AO-Ⅰ by intragastric administration was performed 2 hours before APAP treatment, and the control group received the same dose of solvent by intragastric administration or intraperitoneal injection. The protective effect of AO-Ⅰ against APAP-induced ALI was evaluated by detecting alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels in the plasma and H&E staining in liver tissues of mice. The malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) content and catalase(CAT) activity in mouse liver tissues were detected to evaluate the effect of AO-Ⅰ on APAP-induced oxidative stress in the liver. The proteins in the liver p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK), c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), and nuclear factor kappa-B p65(NF-κB p65) signaling pathways were measured by Western blot, and the liver inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were detected by real-time PCR. Compared with the APAP group, the combination groups showed reduced APAP-induced ALT level and liver MDA content, potentiated liver CAT activity, and elevated GSH content. Mechanistically, AO-Ⅰ treatment significantly inhibited APAP-up-regulated MAPK phosphorylation and NF-κB p65, and significantly reduced the transcriptional activities of IL-1β and IL-6, downstream targets of NF-κB p65. AO-Ⅰ can improve APAP-induced ALI and the underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway in APAP-challenged mice.

A novel technology to reduce astringency of tea polyphenols extract and its mechanism / 中草药·英文版

Objective: Tea polyphenols are natural extracts used widely throughout the world. However, the severe astringency of tea polyphenols has reduced patient compliance. Based on the analysis of the formation mechanism of astringency, this paper hopes to propose a new method to control the astringency of tea polyphenols and improve patient compliance without changing its effect. Methods: Artificial saliva was used to prepare the tea polyphenols solution with different pH, using β-casein to imitate salivary protein, and preparing 1.2 mg/mL β-casein solution. A fluorescence quenching test was used to study the interaction between tea polyphenols and β-casein, combined with the stability test results of the compound, we can choose the pH with weak binding but good stability as the best pH for masking astringency. The taste-masking tablets were prepared under the best pH conditions, and the Xinnaojian Original Tablets were prepared according to the conventional preparation method. The disintegration time limit and solubility were tested respectively. The astringency of Xinnaojian original tablets and taste-masking tablets was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: The result of the fluorescence quenching test prompted that the combination force was the weakest when the pH was 4.9. Further synchronous fluorescence analysis showed that an increase in pH resulted in a decrease of the binding sites between tea polyphenols and β-casein, and this decrease was closely related to changes in tryptophan residues in β-casein. Both original and taste-masking Xinnaojian Tablets were prepared. Volunteers’ VAS scores illustrated that the astringency improved significantly with the masking tablets (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This pH-adjusting masking treatment had little effect on the recovery of polyphenols from the tablets or the dissolution of the tablets. This study provides a novel and feasible astringency masking technology for tea polyphenols and its preparation.

Epidemic status and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in 2008-2017 in Songjiang District, Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To characterize the epidemic status and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis(TB)from 2008 to 2017 in Songjiang District of Shanghai for the development of TB prevention and control strategies. Methods According to case registration data in the TB management information system, statistical analysis was performed on the epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of TB cases in Songjiang District from 2008 to 2017. Results There were 5 516 reported cases in 2008-2017 in Songjiang District. The average annual reported incidence was 33.58/100 000, which was declining(χ2 = 6.13, P < 0.05). The incidence was significantly higher in the floating population than that in the household registered population(χ2 = 263.28, P < 0.05). In the cases, gender ratio was 2.17 : 1. More than 70% of the cases were between 15 and 44 years old. The majority of the cases were workers(34.95%), followed by housework or unemployed(16.28%). The proportion of TB case responding to the treatment was 93.38%, which was 93.41% for newly diagnosed cases and 92.86% for previously treated cases. The failure rate in the previously treated smear-positive cases was significantly higher than newly treated smear-positive cases(χ2 = 4.96, P < 0.05). Conclusion TB epidemic in Songjiang District remained at a low level in 2008-2017;however, it is far away from the termination of TB. We should further strengthen the prevention and control of TB, especially in the 15-44 years old workers and unemployed young population.

Correlation of B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level with Hemodynamic Parameters and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Gram-negative Sepsis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To study the correlation of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)level with hemodynamic parameters and inflammatory cytokines in patients with Gram-negative sepsis,and further determine the main factors for the significant increase of BNP level. Methods The prospective study method was applied,and septic patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria from May 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled.The patients were divided into the BNP<2400 ng/L group and the BNP≥2400 ng/L group by taking the average value of BNP as the dividing point.The independent predictors of BNP≥2400 ng/L were analyzed by Logistic regression.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BNP and various indicators. Results A total of 106 patients with Gram-negative sepsis were included,among which 60 cases present with higher serum BNP levels than the average of(2398.45 ± 421.45)ng/L.Thus BNP≥2400 ng/L was considered as a significantly increased BNP level.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cardiac index(CI)[odds ratio (

PCNA Confers the Conversion of Hepatitis B Virus Relaxed Circular DNA to Covalently Closed Circular DNA by Its DNA Binding Domain / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a primary cause for liver cancer. And the main challenge of curing hepatitis B is the elimination of the stable covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the viral genome. The formation of HBV cccDNA requires the filling of single-stranded region and the ligation of nicks in relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) strands. Previously, our group reported that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was involved in the formation of HBV cccDNA. However, the underlying mechanism of the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA is poorly understood. In the present study, we aim to explore the mechanism by which PCNA contributes to the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA. Our data showed that PCNA was involved in the process of HBV rcDNA repair. The knockout of PCNA by the CRISPR/Cas9 system remarkably blocked the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA, while the ectopic expression of PCNA could effectively rescue the event (P<0. 001). Knockout of PCNA significantly slowed down the conversion kinetics of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA (P<0. 01). Mechanically, the DNA binding domain of PCNA was required for the process of HBV rcDNA repair to cccDNA (P<0. 01). Thus, we conclude that PCNA confers the conversion of HBV rcDNA to cccDNA by its DNA binding domain. Clinically, PCNA might serve as a novel target for antiviral therapy.

Research Progress on Mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang in Treating Diarrhea-Predominate Irritable Bowel Syndrome Based on Brain-gut Interaction Function / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is one of the common functional gastrointestinal diseases in clinical practice, its pathogenesis is diverse. Because of its sudden and lingering intractable symptoms, it seriously affects patients' work and life. IBS-D patients suffer from repeated illnesses, which often affect their lives with mental symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression can also affect visceral sensation, increase intestinal sensitivity, aggravated by interaction between physical symptoms and mental symptoms. The main pathogenesis of IBS-D such as visceral hypersensitivity, gastrointestinal motility disorders, intestinal infections, and psychosocial factors are all related to brain-gut interaction disorders. Patients with IBS-D are prone to brain-gut interaction disorders due to long-term chronic mental stress. Brain-gut interaction is the main mode of regulation of gastrointestinal function in the brain-gut axis. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） believes that the main syndrome type of IBS-D patients is liver stagnation and spleen deficiency, while liver stagnation will be unsatisfactory, and the secretion and content of various neurotransmitters in the brain are closely related to emotions. Tongxie Yaofang is a commonly basic prescription used for the clinical treatment of IBS-D liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome. It has the functions of softening the liver and replenishing the spleen, removing dampness and stopping diarrhea, and has a significant clinical effect. At present, many animal experiments and clinical studies have explored the mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang in treating IBS-D and its effect on brain-gut interaction function and brain-gut peptide content, but the main liver drainage and brain-gut interaction have not been linked. The author took the correlation between liver liver govers regulating and brain-gut interaction as the starting point, explored the mechanism of Tongxie Yaofang in treating IBS-D based on brain-gut interaction disorder, and explained the correlation between the three. Based on the research literature of Tongxie Yaofang in the past 5 years and the interaction between Tongxie Yaofang and brain-gut interaction, the author explored the effect of Tongxie Yaofang in treating IBS-D by affecting the brain-gut axis and brain-gut peptides.

Microecology research: a new target for the prevention of asthma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

The incidence and prevalence of asthma have increased remarkably in recent years. There are lots of factors contributing to the occurrence and development of asthma. With the improvement of sequencing technology, it has been found that the microbiome plays an important role in the formation of asthma in early life. The roles of the microbial environment and human microbiome in the occurrence and development of asthma have attracted more and more attention. The environmental microbiome influences the occurrence of asthma by shaping the human microbiome. The specific mechanism may be related to the immune regulation of Toll-like receptors and T cells (special Tregs). Intestinal microbiome is formed and changed by regulating diet and lifestyle in early life, which may affect the development and maturation of the pulmonary immune system through the intestinal-pulmonary axis. It is well-recognized that both environmental microbiomes and human microbiomes can influence the onset of asthma. This review aims to summarize the recent advances in the research of microbiome, its relationship with asthma, and the possible mechanism of the microbiome in the occurrence and development of asthma. The research of the microbial environment and human microbiome may provide a new target for the prevention of asthma in children who have high-risk factors to allergy. However, further study of "when and how" to regulate microbiome is still needed.

Role of telomere shortening and p53-p21- related pathway protein in learning and memory impairment induced by benzoapyrene in mice / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the changes of telomere length and p53 and p21 protein expression levels in mice exposed to different time and doses, and to explore the role of related pathways protein in benzo[a]pyrene in learning and memory impairment. Methods Ninety healthy male C57 mice, 30 in each batch, were exposed for 1 month, 2 months and 3 months respectively. Each batch was set with blank control group, solvent control group, 1. 00 mg/ kg, 2. 50 mg/ kg and 6. 25 mg/ kg benzo[a]pyrene-treated groups, 6 in each group, inoculated intraperitoneally every other day. Learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test, ELISA was used to detect the content of benzo[a] pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA(BPDE-DNA) adduct in mice plasma. There was no significant difference in the relative telomere length of the mice at 1 mouth of each group. The length in mice after treated for 2 and 3 months were significantly shorter than that of the non-infected group (P<0. 05). And the plasma BPDE-DNA adduct content in each exposed group was negatively correlated with the relative telomere length. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p53-p21 related pathway protein and neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation related proteins Nestin and βⅢ-tubulin in mouse hippocampus. Relative telomere length was detected by Real-time PCR. Results The escape latency of mice in each exposed group was significantly prolonged, and the times of crossing platforms was significantly reduced. BPDE-DNA adduct was not detected in the non-dose group and in the exposed group showed an upward trend (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-dose group, the expression levels of p53 and p21 in the exposed group increase with the dose of the drug (P<0. 05). When the dose was 1. 0 mg/ kg, the expression level of Nestin did not significantly increase. The expression level of Nestin increased in the remaining exposure groups (P<0. 05), and the expression level of Nestin was lower than that in the 1. 0 mg/ kg and 2. 5 mg/ kg groups at the dose of 6. 25 mg/ kg for 3 months (P<0. 05). At 1 month, there was no significant difference in the expression of βⅢ-tubulin between the exposed and non-infected groups. At 2 and 3 months, the expression of βⅢ-tubulin in the exposed group decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a] pyrene can induce DNA damage and telomere shortening due to BPDE-DNA adduct formation, which leads to activation of p53-p21 signaling pathway. Telomere shortening and p53-p21 signaling pathway activation-mediated DNA damage response may be important mechanisms for inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neurons.

Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Different Output Pressures on Triceps Surae Spasticity after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different output pressures of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on triceps surae spasticity after stroke, and to explore the electrophysiologic mechanism involved. Methods:From January, 2015 to December, 2017, 90 hemiplegic stroke patients with triceps surae spasticity were randomly assigned into control group (n = 30), treatment group 1 (n = 30) and treatment group 2 (n = 30). All the patients accepted routine medicine and rehabilitation, while the treatment groups 1 and 2 received ESWT of 1.5 bar and 2.0 bar in addition, respectively, for four weeks. They were assessed with Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), passive range of motion (PROM), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and H reflex latency and the Hmax/Mmax ratio before and after treatment, and the two treatment groups were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) immediately after ESWT. Results:All the groups improved in scores of CSS, PROM and 10MWT after treatment (t > 7.261, P < 0.001), and improved more in scores of CSS and 10MWT in the two treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the 10MWT was less in the treatment group 2 than in the treatment group 1 (P < 0.05). H reflex latency lengthened (t > 15.025, P < 0.001) and Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased (t > 14.850, P < 0.001) after treatment in the two treatment groups, and the H reflex latency was longer in the two treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in VAS between the two treatment groups (t = 0.735, P > 0.05). Conclusion:ESWT of both 2.0 bar and 1.5 bar can improve triceps surae spasticity after stroke, and ESWT of 2.0 bar may more benefit the ability of walking. Further study is needed to explore the involved electrophysiologic mechanism.

Effects of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Different Output Pressures on Triceps Surae Spasticity after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different output pressures of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on triceps surae spasticity after stroke, and to explore the electrophysiologic mechanism involved. Methods:From January, 2015 to December, 2017, 90 hemiplegic stroke patients with triceps surae spasticity were randomly assigned into control group (n = 30), treatment group 1 (n = 30) and treatment group 2 (n = 30). All the patients accepted routine medicine and rehabilitation, while the treatment groups 1 and 2 received ESWT of 1.5 bar and 2.0 bar in addition, respectively, for four weeks. They were assessed with Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), passive range of motion (PROM), 10-meter walk test (10MWT), and H reflex latency and the Hmax/Mmax ratio before and after treatment, and the two treatment groups were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) immediately after ESWT. Results:All the groups improved in scores of CSS, PROM and 10MWT after treatment (t > 7.261, P < 0.001), and improved more in scores of CSS and 10MWT in the two treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), and the 10MWT was less in the treatment group 2 than in the treatment group 1 (P < 0.05). H reflex latency lengthened (t > 15.025, P < 0.001) and Hmax/Mmax ratio decreased (t > 14.850, P < 0.001) after treatment in the two treatment groups, and the H reflex latency was longer in the two treatment groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in VAS between the two treatment groups (t = 0.735, P > 0.05). Conclusion:ESWT of both 2.0 bar and 1.5 bar can improve triceps surae spasticity after stroke, and ESWT of 2.0 bar may more benefit the ability of walking. Further study is needed to explore the involved electrophysiologic mechanism.

Evaluation and Comparison of Thromboelastography and Conventional Coagulation Tests for Blood Coagulation Function in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of disease control, survival time and safely in treatment of newly diagnosed multiple mycloma patients with different dose of tenalidomide regimens.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 116 patients with multiple myeloma from June 2011 to June 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. According to doses of used lenalidomide based on dexamethasone plus lenalidomide regimen 116 patients were divided into 2 groups: conventional dose group (58 cases) and low dose group (58 cases). The ORR, PFS rate and OS rate during followed-up for 3 years, KPS score, RNS score and immunophenotypic index before and after treatment and drug toxicity incidence were compared between 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#The ORR for 2 treatment courses of low dose group was significantly lower than that in conventienal dose group (P＜0.05). The ORR for 4 and 6 treatment courses was not significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The PFS rate and OS rate during followed-up for 3 years was no significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The KPS score and RNS score after treatment of low dose group were significantly better than those in conventional dose group and before treatment (P＜0.05). The levels of immunophenotypic index after treatment of both groups were significantly better than those before treatment (P＜0.05). The incidence of III-IV grade hematological toxicity, pulmonary infection and herpes were not significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal reactions in the low dose group were significantly lower than that in conventional dose group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Conventional and low doses of lenalidomide possess the same control effects and survival time for treatment of newly dingnosed patients with multiple myeloma; Despite, the initiation of effects from the low dose lenalidomide is relatively slower, it contributes to raise the overall quality of life and reduce the risk of drug toxicity.

Elder abuse and mental health: the modifying effect of social support / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between elder abuse and mental health, and the modifying effect of social support between them in rural area. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1 418 elderly people aged 60 years and above from rural areas of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan in Hunan Province. Logistic regression model was established to test the relationship among the variables. Results After controlling the basic characteristic variables, when the abuse experience, mental abuse, care neglected, chronicity and multiplicity of abuse increased by one unit,the level of mental health decreased by 21.4%(OR=2.14,95% CI:1.49-2.83, P=0.001)、34.2%(OR=3.42,95% CI:1.53-4.26, P<0.001)、17.8%(OR=1.78,95% CI:1.36-2.41, P=0.001)、25.4%(OR=2.54,95% CI:1.68-2.93, P<0.001) and 13.7%(OR=1.37,95% CI:1.15-2.37, P=0.001), respectively. After social support variables were added, the negative impact coefficient of abuse on mental health decreased. However, it had no statistical significance among the male elderly. Subjective support had greater moderating effect than objective support. Conclusions Abuse is a risk factor for mental health among the elderly. High level of social support can reduce the negative impact of abuse on the mental health among female elderly.

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents from Infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea and Their Pharmacological Activities / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea is the dry infructescence of P. strobilacea, which is a traditional medicinal plant in China. It has functions of clearing up heat and detoxification, dispelling wind and relieving pain, activating blood circulation and removing stasis, clearing orifices and expelling pus. It is commonly used by people to treat various complications caused by acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis and acute upper respiratory tract infection, and is a kind of Chinese medicine with excellent development space and utilization value and has broad market prospects. There are many chemical constituents in the infructescence of P. strobilacea, including volatile oils, Phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and other compounds. Among them, volatile oils are the most abundant, but lack of correlated activity studies. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids are the main pharmacogenetics constituents. However, few of these compounds have been isolated and identified. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the infructescence of P. strobilacea has many pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostasis, anti-aging, growth promotion, hypotension and sedation, but the existing studies mainly focus on anti-virus, anti-inflammatory and bacteriostasis, anti-tumor effects, and other activities have not been further explored. In the future, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the infructescence of P. strobilacea should be studied in depth, and its mechanism should be further clarified so that it can be more fully and reasonably applied. By consulting domestic and foreign literature in recent years in CNKI, VIP database, Wanfang date, PubMed and other databases. The chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical application of the infructescence of P. strobilacea were summarized and expounded its research progress in order to provide theoretical reference for further research and further development and application of the Infructescence of P. strobilacea.

Plasmodium falciparum infection by blood transfusion：a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

This paper reported one acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient who infected with Plasmodium falciparum after blood transfusion. Through the epidemiological investigation on this patient and the related blood donors as well as laboratory detections, the source of infection was ascertained. This blood donor was an overseas student from Africa, whose blood sample was positive in the rapid diagnostic test, and the results of microscopic examination of peripheral blood smear and PCR both suggested P. falciparum positive.

Effects of Infrasound on Gastric Motility, Gastric Morphology and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Infrasound widely exists in nature, our living condition, productive and traffic environment. Gastrointestinal tract is relatively sensitive to infrasound. However, the effect of infrasound on gastrointestinal function is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to observe the effects of infrasound on gastric motility and gastric morphology and to assess the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in gastric antrum after exposure to infrasound of 8 Hz - 130 dB for 2 hours per day for 14 consecutive days. Gastric motility was assessed by gastric fluid-emptying rate. Gastric morphology was evaluated by HE. The expression of NOS was measured by tissue microarray technology. The results would contribute to understand the role of infrasound in gastroenterology, and help to explain the mechanism of infrasound on gastroenterology.

Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate Attenuates High-fat Diet-induced Impaired Spermatogenesis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the mitigating effects of sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced spermatogenesis dysfunction.@*METHODS@#Male rats (n = 30) were randomly divided into three groups: control, HFD, and 4-PBA (HFD +4-PBA). After 13 weeks, rats were euthanized. Testes and epididymis were harvested for further analysis. Sex hormones were detected, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to examine the histological changes in the testes. Semen samples were collected to evaluate sperm quality. Spermatogenic cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the final body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in HFD-fed rats, while the testicle/body weight ratios were lower (P < 0.05). In HFD-fed rats, obvious pathological changes in the testicular tissue were observed. Treatment with 4-PBA attenuated HFD-induced histological damage, ameliorated the HFD-induced decrease in serum testosterone (T), and reduced the rate of testicular cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) in obese male rats. Finally, 4-PBA significantly improved semen parameters in HFD rats (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#HFD exposure induced detrimental effects on spermatogenesis, semen quality, serum T level, and testicular cell apoptosis in rats. Treatment with 4-PBA ameliorated HFD？induced impaired spermatogenesis via inhibition of apop-tosis in rats. 4-PBA may have therapeutic value in the treatment of obesity？related impairment of spermatogenesis.

Effect of Shuanglong formula on no-reflow in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Shuanglong formula(SLF) on no-reflow in rats with myocardial is-chemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods The rats were divided into five groups, namely, sham group, I/R group,SLF(5,2.5,1.25 g·kg-1)group. Treatment group received SLF decoction by gavage once a day for five days,while other groups were offered drinking wa-ter by gavage once a day for five days. The rats in I/R group and SLF-pretreated group were induced by iga-tion of left anterior descending coronary artery,and the rats were subjected to ischemia for 4h followed by reperfusion. Sham operation group did not undergo oc-clusion of the coronary artery. After 4 hours' reperfu-sion, real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was used to monitor regional blood perfusion and cardi-ac functions. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and the serum was separated, and the levels of cTnT, CRP, CK and LDH were measured. The myo-cardial no-reflow area and infarction area were assessed by thioflavin S and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride, re-spectively. Results The SLF-pretreated group exhibi-ted significant reductions in the infarct area and no-re-flow area compared with I/R group(P <0.01 or P <0.05). In SLF-pretreated groups, β, A and A·β significantly increased as compared to those in I/R group. The LV anterior wall systolic and diastolic thicknesses (LVAW d/s) were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The LV internal diameter in systole (LVID s) and the LV volume in systole(LV s) were significantly reduced in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The EF, FS and SV were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The comparison between SLF-pretreated group and I/R group showed no significant difference in LDH, CK, cTnT, and CRP levels. Conclusion Shuanglong formula minimizes the sizes of myocardial infarct area and no-reflow area,improving regional my-ocardial blood flow and cardiac function.