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Objective:To learn about the infection status of Anisakis larvae in the major economic marine products in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, and provide baseline data for systematic monitoring of Anisakis and prevention and control of related diseases. Methods:From April 2016 to September 2020, the samples of marine products collected in the surrounding waters of 9 fishing sites in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea (Bohai Bay, the middle part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction, the southern part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction, the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of the Yellow Sea) in the coastal areas of Yantai City and Weihai City, Shandong Province were dissected and tested for worms. The infection and distribution of Anisakis larvae in different types of samples and different organs in the samples were compared, and the differences of the infection level of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites and different sampling sites in China were compared. At the same time, a survey on the awareness of health knowledge of anisakiasis was carried out among the residents near each fishing sites. Results:A total of 708 cases of 5 types of marine products were tested in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, including 581 cases of marine fish, 22 cases of mollusks, 20 cases of echinodermata, 75 cases of crustaceans and 10 cases of shellfish. Anisakis larvae infection was detected only in marine fish (191 cases), and 4 723 Anisakis larvae were found. The infection rate was 32.87% (191/581) and the infection intensity was 24.73(4 723/191) larvae/case. They were mainly distributed in mesentery and intestinal wall (38.96%, 1 840/4 723), coelom (22.04%, 1 041/4 723) and gastric wall (17.95%, 848/4 723). The infection levels of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites were compared, the infection rate in the southern part of the Yellow Sea was the highest, and its infection intensity was significantly higher than that in the middle and southern part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction ( P < 0.05). The infection levels of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among different sampling sites in China were compared, the infection rates of Zhoushan Port, the fish sold in Jinzhou, Yantai and Shantou were significantly higher than those in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ( P < 0.05), and the infection rates of the fish sold in Dandong and Qingdao were significantly lower than those in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea ( P < 0.05). A total of 1 805 residents living near the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were investigated on the health knowledge of anisakiasis. Among them, 20.78% (375/1 805) residents had heard of anisakiasis, 15.73% (284/1 805) residents knew how to get it, 12.30% (222/1 805) residents knew the harm of anisakiasis to human body, and 16.68% (301/1 805) residents knew how to prevent it. Conclusions:The marine fish in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea are infected by the Anisakis larvae, and the level of infection is relatively high. In the future, we should strengthen the popularization of knowledge on prevention and control of anisakiasis.
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Objective:To understand the iodine nutrition status of children aged 8 to 10 years in Yantai City, Shandong Province, and to provide evidence for making prevention and control strategies in the future.Methods:From 2016 to 2018, a multi-stage stratified simple random sampling method was used in Yantai City, 5 to 7 counties (cities, districts) were selected each year in the east, west, south, north, and middle directions. Each county (city, district) was divided into 5 locations of east, west, south, north, and middle, and one township (town, street) was selected in each location. One village primary school was selected from each township (town, street), if there was no village primary school, the township central primary school was selected. For each primary school, 40 children aged 8 to 10 years (half male half female) were selected. Random urine samples and edible salt samples were collected, and urinary iodine and salt iodine contents were measured, while thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasound.Results:From 2016 to 2018, the medians iodine contents of edible salt (1 000, 1 400, 1 200 samples) in the households of children aged 8 to 10 years were 21.02, 21.50 and 21.15 mg/kg, respectively; the qualified iodized salt consumption rates were all < 90%; the qualified rate of iodized salt had decreased year by year, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=85.92, P < 0.01). From 2016 to 2018, 1 000, 1 400, and 1 200 urine samples of children aged 8 to 10 years were tested, and the medians urinary iodine were 190.05, 148.20, and 145.00 μg/L, and there was no correlation between children's salt iodine contents and their own urinary iodine levels ( r=- 0.036, P > 0.05). From 2016 to 2018, the overall goiter rate for children aged 8 to 10 years was 3.61% (130/3 600), and there was no correlation between urinary iodine levels and thyroid volume in children ( r=0.108, P > 0.05). From 2016 to 2018, the number of children who consumed non-iodine salt accounted for 19.50% (702/3 600), the median urinary iodine was 155.00 μg/L, and the goiter rate was 3.70% (26/702). Conclusion:Although the qualified iodized salt consumption rate in children in Yantai City is less than 90%, the urinary iodine level and goiter rate of children have reached the standards for elimination of iodine deficiency disorders, indicating that children's dietary nutrition level and salt iodine content can meet the children iodine requirement.
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Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status in the key populations before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content in Yantai of Shandong.Methods In 2010 (the pre-adjustment period) and 2014,2015 (the post-adjustment period),the changes in the residents' iodized salt,the goiter prevalence and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10,the urinary iodine of pregnant women,and the iodine content of drinking water before and after the adjustment were analyzed.Results The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt were 98.27％ and 97.28％,respectively before the adjustment of salt iodine content,and 97.44％ and 96.14％ after the adjustment.The mean of salt iodine after the adjustment (21.96 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of 2010 (31.45 mg/kg,t =66.29,P ＜ 0.05).The goiter prevalence of children aged 8-10 by thyroid palpation was 0.92％ in 2010,while it was 1.89％ by ultrasonic in 2014,2015.There was significant difference in the iodine nutritional status of children in 2010 (191.0 μg/L) and in 2014,2015 (173.0 μg/L,Z =3.56,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women between pre-adjustment (154.0 μg/L) and post-adjustment (130.4 μg/L) was also significant (Z =5.54,P ＜ 0.05).The median of water iodine was 5.4 μg/L after the adjustment.There were 52 towns with medians of water iodine below 10 μg/L.Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt have all met the national standard before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content.The mean of salt iodine during 2014,2015 is significantly lower than that of 2010.Before and after the adjustment,the goiter rates of children aged 8-10 are all below 5％.The adjustment of salt iodine content is more suitable to children aged 8-10 than to pregnant women currently.It is suggested that pregnant women eat more foods rich in iodine.