RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a simple method to identify different of herbal drugs of Fritillaria.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The X-ray diffraction spectra of five Fritillaria powders were obtained by X-ray diffractometry (XRD).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>By analyzing the diffraction peaks of starch over the 2theta diffraction angle in the range of 10 degrees-30 degrees, we concluded that the crystal type of starch in F. thunbergii, F. ussurensis, F. pallidifloca and F. hupehensis was B-type. However, the crystal type of starch in F. cirrhosa was CB-type. The degree of crystallinity of starch was 42.1%, 43.6%, 37.7%, 35.9% and 30.8%, corresponding to F. thunbergii, F. ussurensis, F. pallidiflcoca,F. cirrhosa and F. hupehensis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Based on the differences of crystallinity of starch and X-ray diffraction spectra of Fritillaria powders, different species of Fritillaria can be identified.</p>
Asunto(s)
Cristalización , Fritillaria , Química , Clasificación , Raíces de Plantas , Química , Plantas Medicinales , Química , Clasificación , Especificidad de la Especie , Almidón , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) plays an important role in precipitating cell differentiation for various tumor cells, especially leukemic cells. Changes of many genes may be involved in this process. The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between the EGR1mRNA expression and cell differentiation during TPA-induced K562 cell differentiation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Incubation of human K562 cells in vitro was applied to cultivate K562 cells. The cells were treated in two different ways. K562 cells of experiment group were treated with TPA and those of control group were treated without TPA. Using morphology (Wright's staining and NSE staining) and flow cytometry (FCM), the investigators observed the differentiation characteristics of K562 cells, cell-cycle and the differentiation antigen expressions of CD33 and CD14 on cell membranes. RT-PCR was carried out to assay EGR1 mRNA expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treated with TPA for 7 d, the morphology of K562 cells obviously tended to mature differentiation, like monocytes. The differentiation rate of induced K562 cells was up to 95% in experiment group and 4.5% in control group, respectively. Using SPSS software, the above result showed statistical significance (P < 0.01). Using NSE staining, K562 cells showed positive reaction. Some of them were densely stained. The positive rate was up to 86%. More than half of the positive cells could be inhibited by NaF. The inhibiting rate of NaF was up to 58.72%, showing statistical difference when compared with that of control group. FCM analysis showed that most of K562 cells stimulated by TPA underwent G1/S phase cell-cycle arrest. The composing rate of cell-cycle in TPA-treated group showed that (53.7 +/- 1.25)% of cells were at G0 + G1 phase and (44.3 +/- 1.32)% were at S phase (P < 0.05). The level of CD33 expression on cell membranes was mildly decreased from 0.997% to 0.893% (P > 0.05). However, the level of CD14 expression was significantly increased from 0.049% to 0.387% (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>K562 cells could express EGR1mRNA during TPA-induced differentiation, which suggested that EGR1mRNA might participate in the process of K562 cells differentiating into monocyte/macrophages, and might play an important role in precipitating and maintaining cell differentiation for leukemic cells.</p>
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Antígenos CD , Metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica , Metabolismo , Carcinógenos , Farmacología , Ciclo Celular , Genética , Diferenciación Celular , Genética , División Celular , Genética , Membrana Celular , Química , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Genética , Proteína 1 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz , Citometría de Flujo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Inmediatas-Precoces , Genética , Células K562 , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos , Metabolismo , ARN Mensajero , Genética , Metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Lectina 3 Similar a Ig de Unión al Ácido Siálico , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol , Farmacología , Factores de Transcripción , GenéticaRESUMEN
<p><b>AIM</b>To prepare a novel creatinine adsorbent with anti-renal failure activity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A novel starch ester was prepared under heterogeneous condition by the reaction of starch (ST) and 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride (DNBZ-Cl). The products were characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, 13CNMR and UV-Vis spectra. The adsorption properties of DNBZ-ST were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The adsorption equilibrium is reached after 4 h, the adsorption capacity increases with the degree of substitution (DS) of adsorbent and creatinine concentration. When creatinine concentration is higher than 300 mg.L-1, concentration showed no apparent effect on adsorption capacity. As the adsorption temperature varied from 19 degrees C to 49 degrees C, adsorption capacity first decreases and then increases, and is lowest at 37 degrees C. The adsorption capacity first increases and then decreases as the pH value increase from 4 to 11 and is highest at pH 8. The highest adsorption capacity reached 25 mg.g-1 at 37 degrees C pH 7 and the creatinine concentration is 100 mg.L-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Starch 3,5-dinitrobenzoate showed a better adsorption property for creatinine, and it is worthy to be studied more deeply.</p>