Fracture Incidence and Risk of Osteoporosis in Female Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Korea

BACKGROUND: There are no published data regarding fracture risk in type 2 diabetic patients in Korea. In this study, we compared the fracture incidence and risk of osteoporosis of type 2 diabetic female patients with those in a non-diabetic hypertensive cohort. METHODS: The incidence of fracture in a type 2 diabetic cohort was compared with that in a non-diabetic hypertensive cohort over the course of 7 years. Female type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic hypertensive patients who visited Eulji General Hospital outpatient clinic from January 2004 to April 2004 were assigned to the diabetic cohort and the non-diabetic hypertensive cohort, respectively. Surveys on fracture event, use of anti-osteoporosis medications, and bone mineral density were performed. RESULTS: The number of fractures was 88 in the female diabetic cohort (n=1,268, 60.6+/-11.5 years) and 57 in the female non-diabetic hypertensive cohort (n=1,014, 61.4+/-11.7 years). The RR in the diabetic cohort was 1.38 (P=0.064; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.94) when adjusted for age. Diabetic patients with microvascular complications (61.0%) showed a higher RR of 1.81 (P=0.014; 95% CI, 1.13 to 2.92) compared with those without these complications. The prevalence of osteoporosis was comparable between the groups, while use of anti-osteoporosis medication was more common in the diabetic cohort (12.8%) than in the hypertensive cohort (4.5%) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In our study, a higher fracture risk was observed in female type 2 diabetics with microvascular complications. Special concern for this risk group is warranted.

A Case of Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Due to Subglottic Pressure Injury after Endotracheal Intubation: A Case Report / 대한구급학회지

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis may occur as a result of mechanical injury during neck surgery, nerve compression by endotracheal intubation or mass, trauma, and neuromuscular diseases. However, only a few cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis have occurred following short-term endotracheal intubation. We report a case of bilateral vocal cord paralysis subsequent to extubation after endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation due to severe pneumonia for 2 days.

A Case of Delftia acidovorans Peritonitis in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient Managed with Preserving the Dialysis Catheter / 대한신장학회지

Delftia acidovarans is aerobic, nonfermentative Gram-negative rod commonly found in soil and water. Generally it is nonpathogenic but it unusually can cause bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of peritonitis due to D. acidovorans in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. A 75-year-old woman was admitted with abdominal pain and cloudy peritoneal effluent. She was empirically treated with intraperitoneal (IP) cefazolin and ceftazidime, and then IP ceftazidime and oral ciprofloxacin, but peritonitis did not improve. Seven days after admission, D. acidovorans was identified from the peritoneal effluent, which was sensitive to amikacin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. Catheter removal was considered with regard to poor response to adequate antibiotics; however, 4 days after changing to IP imipenem/cilastatin, abdominal pain, the leukocyte count of peritoneal effluent and C-reactive protein decreased. She was treated with imipenem/cilastatin for two weeks and discharged with the dialysis catheter intact.

Hepatic Subcapsular Steatosis in a Diabetic CAPD Patient Receiving Subcutaneous Insulin / 대한신장학회지

Hepatic subcapsular steatosis is a rare and unique form of fatty change in the liver. It is a specific finding in diabetic patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and intraperitoneal insulin treatment. Intraperitoneal administration of insulin and high glucose cause a unique pattern of fatty infiltration in the subcapsular location of the liver. We report a case of hepatic subcapsular steatosis in a diabetic CAPD patient who has not received intraperitoneal insulin. A 63-year-old diabetic woman on CAPD presented with uncontrolled blood glucose. The patient received a total amount of 44 units of NPH via subcutaneous injection. Her initial blood chemistry showed mildly increased serum lipid profiles. Abdominal CT scan images and MRI revealed characteristic findings consistent with hepatic subcapsular steatosis. We report a case of hepatic subcapsular steatosis in a diabetic patient not taking intraperitoneal insulin who recovered through strict blood sugar control without changing dialysis modality.