Effects of Action Observation Training and Mirror Therapy on the Electroencephalograms of Stroke Patients

Purpose@#This study examined the effectiveness of action observation training (AOT) and mirror therapy in improving the electroencephalograms (EEG) of stroke patients. @*Methods@#Patients were allocated randomly to three groups: an action observation training with activity (AOTA) group (n=12), a mirror therapy with activity (MTA) group (n=11), and an AOT-only group (n=12). All groups received conventional physiotherapy in five 60-minute sessions over six weeks. The AOTA, MTA, and AOT groups practiced AOTA, MTA, and AOT, respectively, in three 30-minute sessions over six weeks. The differences between the pre- and post-treatment EEGs were assessed using a paired t-test. Comparisons between the groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. @*Results@#The participants in the AOTA and MTA groups showed significant improvement in the EEG. AOTA improved the alpha waves of the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal lobes significantly (p<0.05). MTA improved the alpha waves of the temporal lobe significantly (p<0.05). AOT did not result in significant improvement @*Conclusion@#AOTA and MTA improve stroke patients’ EEGs. Mirror neuron activation combined with conventional stroke physiotherapy promotes motor recovery and functioning. The effect is enhanced when the actions are executed after observation. Further research into mirror neuron activation will be needed to develop methods to improve the EEGs of stroke patients.

Effects of Action Observation Training and Mirror Therapy on the Electroencephalograms of Stroke Patients

Purpose@#This study examined the effectiveness of action observation training (AOT) and mirror therapy in improving the electroencephalograms (EEG) of stroke patients. @*Methods@#Patients were allocated randomly to three groups: an action observation training with activity (AOTA) group (n=12), a mirror therapy with activity (MTA) group (n=11), and an AOT-only group (n=12). All groups received conventional physiotherapy in five 60-minute sessions over six weeks. The AOTA, MTA, and AOT groups practiced AOTA, MTA, and AOT, respectively, in three 30-minute sessions over six weeks. The differences between the pre- and post-treatment EEGs were assessed using a paired t-test. Comparisons between the groups were performed using one-way ANOVA. @*Results@#The participants in the AOTA and MTA groups showed significant improvement in the EEG. AOTA improved the alpha waves of the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal lobes significantly (p<0.05). MTA improved the alpha waves of the temporal lobe significantly (p<0.05). AOT did not result in significant improvement @*Conclusion@#AOTA and MTA improve stroke patients’ EEGs. Mirror neuron activation combined with conventional stroke physiotherapy promotes motor recovery and functioning. The effect is enhanced when the actions are executed after observation. Further research into mirror neuron activation will be needed to develop methods to improve the EEGs of stroke patients.

Effects of Treadmill Gait Training According to Different Inclination on Postural Balance in Patients with Chronic Stroke

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effects of treadmill gait training at different controlled inclinations on the standing balance of hemiplegic patients caused by cerebrovascular injury. METHODS: The study's subjects were 44 patients with chronic stroke, randomly divided into three experimental groups: 0° treadmill gait training (n=14), 5° treadmill gait training (n=15), and 10° treadmill gait training (n=15). In addition to conventional physical therapy, the subjects underwent gait training on a treadmill with one of three different inclinations for 30 min per session five times per week for six weeks. The Biodex balance system SD, Berg balance scale, and timed up and go tests were used to measure the postural balance of the patients. RESULTS: This study showed that gait training on a treadmill at controlled inclinations of 0°, 5°, and 10° positively influenced the stroke patients' standing balance. The 5° and 10° inclination gait training groups showed significantly more improvement than the 0° inclination group. CONCLUSION: Gait training on a treadmill with inclinations of 0°, 5°, or 10° can be said to positively affect the postural balance of hemiplegic patients due to stroke. In particular, 5° and 10° inclination gait training offered more significant improvement than the 0° inclination gait training group. When added to regular treatment routines, gait training at controlled inclinations is an effective intervention for improving hemiplegia due to postural balance.

Reproductive ability of a cloned male detector dog and behavioral traits of its offspring

In 2007, seven detector dogs were produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer using one nuclear donor dog, then trained and certified as excellent detector dogs, similar to their donor. In 2011, we crossed a cloned male and normal female by natural breeding and produced ten offspring. In this study, we investigated the puppies' temperaments, which we later compared with those of the cloned parent male. The results show that the cloned male had normal reproductive abilities and produced healthy offspring. All puppies completed narcotic detector dog training with a success rate for selection of 60%. Although the litter of cloned males was small in this study, a cloned male dog bred by natural mating produced puppies that later successfully completed the training course for drug detection. In conclusion, cloning an elite dog with superior genetic factors and breeding of the cloned dog was found to be a useful method to efficiently procure detector dogs.

Effect of Toric Orthokeratology Lenses in Patients with Limbus to Limbus Corneal Astigmatism

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of toric orthokeratology lenses in patients with astigmatism within 1.5 D having difficulty in wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses due to the limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 16 patients with limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism who had been wearing toric orthokeratology lenses for more than 6 months were recruited. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error, and keratometric changes including eccentricity before and after wearing lenses were compared, and the correlations between corneal astigmatism as well as refractive astigmatism and lens toricity were assessed. RESULTS: After wearing the lens, UCVA (log MAR) significantly improved from 0.61 +/- 0.22 to 0.05 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.001). Myopia and spherical equivalent were also reduced significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). While Simulated K (Sim K) tended to be more flattened (p < 0.001) and the eccentricity showed significant decrease (p < 0.001), corneal and refractive astigmatism were not changed significantly (p = 0.330 and p = 0.124, respectively). Correlations between corneal and refractive astigmatism and lens toricity were not statistically significant (r = 0.244, p = 0.300; r = -0.051, p = 0.832). No patients showed lens decentration or visual discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal topography was essential in patients who had difficulty in wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses due to the limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism. Toric orthokeratology lenses may be an effective treatment option in patients with limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism.

Effect of Toric Orthokeratology Lenses in Patients with Limbus to Limbus Corneal Astigmatism

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of toric orthokeratology lenses in patients with astigmatism within 1.5 D having difficulty in wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses due to the limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism. METHODS: Twenty-three eyes of 16 patients with limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism who had been wearing toric orthokeratology lenses for more than 6 months were recruited. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error, and keratometric changes including eccentricity before and after wearing lenses were compared, and the correlations between corneal astigmatism as well as refractive astigmatism and lens toricity were assessed. RESULTS: After wearing the lens, UCVA (log MAR) significantly improved from 0.61 +/- 0.22 to 0.05 +/- 0.08 (p < 0.001). Myopia and spherical equivalent were also reduced significantly (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). While Simulated K (Sim K) tended to be more flattened (p < 0.001) and the eccentricity showed significant decrease (p < 0.001), corneal and refractive astigmatism were not changed significantly (p = 0.330 and p = 0.124, respectively). Correlations between corneal and refractive astigmatism and lens toricity were not statistically significant (r = 0.244, p = 0.300; r = -0.051, p = 0.832). No patients showed lens decentration or visual discomfort. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal topography was essential in patients who had difficulty in wearing spherical orthokeratology lenses due to the limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism. Toric orthokeratology lenses may be an effective treatment option in patients with limbus-to-limbus corneal astigmatism.

Long-Term Effect and Safety of Contact Lenses for Keratoconus

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical effect and safety of YK-KC lens(R) (LucidKorea Ltd., Seoul, Korea) for keratoconus. METHODS: In this study we investigated 152 keratoconic eyes fitted with YK-KC lens(R) and followed up for at least 5 years. We assessed retrospectively self-reported patient comfort, best corrected visual acuity, corneal topographic indices before and after contact lens fitting and complications during contact lens wearing. RESULTS: The study included 57 male and 40 female patients with a mean age of 28.6 +/- 8.5 years. The mean follow-up was 8.0 +/- 2.9 years. Regarding lens comfort, 126 eyes (82.9%) showed self-reported comfort for YK-KC lenses(R). The mean best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) improved from 0.49 +/- 0.42 before lens fitting to 0.19 +/- 0.27 after lens wearing, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the keratometric values, after contact lens fitting both Simulated keratometry (Sim K) max and Sim K min tended to be steeper, but these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.66 and 0.11, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the values before and after fitting with respect to the astigmatic powers (p = 0.22). Complications observed included punctate or coalesced epithelial corneal staining in 24 eyes (16%), however, persistent full-thickness epithelial defect was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The YK-KC lens(R) in patients with keratoconus can provide excellent visual improvement and comfort without any significant influence on the progression of keratoconus or corneal complications during a long-term follow-up period.

Long-Term Effect and Safety of Contact Lenses for Keratoconus

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical effect and safety of YK-KC lens(R) (LucidKorea Ltd., Seoul, Korea) for keratoconus. METHODS: In this study we investigated 152 keratoconic eyes fitted with YK-KC lens(R) and followed up for at least 5 years. We assessed retrospectively self-reported patient comfort, best corrected visual acuity, corneal topographic indices before and after contact lens fitting and complications during contact lens wearing. RESULTS: The study included 57 male and 40 female patients with a mean age of 28.6 +/- 8.5 years. The mean follow-up was 8.0 +/- 2.9 years. Regarding lens comfort, 126 eyes (82.9%) showed self-reported comfort for YK-KC lenses(R). The mean best corrected visual acuity (log MAR) improved from 0.49 +/- 0.42 before lens fitting to 0.19 +/- 0.27 after lens wearing, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Based on the keratometric values, after contact lens fitting both Simulated keratometry (Sim K) max and Sim K min tended to be steeper, but these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.66 and 0.11, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between the values before and after fitting with respect to the astigmatic powers (p = 0.22). Complications observed included punctate or coalesced epithelial corneal staining in 24 eyes (16%), however, persistent full-thickness epithelial defect was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: The YK-KC lens(R) in patients with keratoconus can provide excellent visual improvement and comfort without any significant influence on the progression of keratoconus or corneal complications during a long-term follow-up period.

Effect of Toric Orthokeratology Lenses on Patients with More Than 1.5 Diopter of Corneal Astigmatism

PURPOSE: To report the effect of toric orthokeratology lenses on myopic patients who have more than 1.5 diopter (D) of corneal astigmatism. METHODS: Seventeen patients (24 eyes) who wore toric orthokeratology lenses for more than 6 months were recruited for this study. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), refractive error and keratometric changes including eccentricity before and after wearing lenses were compared. The correlations between corneal astigmatism as well as refractive astigmatism and lens toricity and between corneal astigmatism and improvement of UCVA after lens fitting were assessed. RESULTS: After wearing lenses, UCVA (log MAR) was significantly improved from 0.93 +/- 0.13 to 0.09 +/- 0.07 (p < 0.001). Myopia changed from -4.53 +/- 1.55 D to -0.67 +/- 0.80 D (p < 0.001), refractive astigmatism from -1.48 +/- 0.71 D to -0.99 +/- 0.72 (p = 0.008) and spherical equivalent from -5.27 +/- 1.56 D to -1.12 +/- 0.92 D (p < 0.001). Simulated K (Sim K) tended to be more flat (p < 0.001) and the eccentricity was significantly decreased from 0.45 +/- 0.08 to -0.69 +/- 0.45 (p < 0.001), but corneal astigmatism was not significantly changed from 2.05 +/- 0.41 D to 2.01 +/- 0.98 D (p = 0.803). Correlation between corneal astigmatism and lens toricity was statistically significant (r = 0.526, p = 0.012) but not between refractive astigmatism and lens toricity (r = 0.218, p = 0.329). The amount of corneal astigmatism was not correlated with the improvement of uncorrected visual acuity after lens fitting (r = 0.1804, p = 0.399). CONCLUSIONS: Toric orthokeratology lenses might be an effective treatment in patients with corneal astigmatism who cannot be fitted with spherical orthokeratology lenses. Lens toricity was correlated with corneal astigmatism and the amount of corneal astigmatism did not affect the improvement of uncorrected visual acuity after lens fitting.

A Case of Behcet's Disease Complicated with a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm and Deep Vein Thrombosis, Separately

Behcet'sdisease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Furthermore, Behcet's disease can manifest as vascular lesions, such as, those of vasculitis, venous thrombosis, or thrombophlebitis or as an arterial aneurysm. Here, the authors report the case of a pulmonary artery aneurysm and deep vein thrombosis in a 41-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of Behcet's disease. The patient presented with hemoptysis and a cough, and was found to have a bleeding pulmonary artery aneurysm at the right lower lung. Pulmonary arteriography was performed and the aneurysm was embolized with coils. As a result, hemoptysis did not subsequently recur. However, five years later, deep vein thrombosis occurred in the left leg. Left leg pain improved after the regional infusion of thrombolytics.

A Case of Behcet's Disease Complicated with a Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm and Deep Vein Thrombosis, Separately

Behcet'sdisease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Furthermore, Behcet's disease can manifest as vascular lesions, such as, those of vasculitis, venous thrombosis, or thrombophlebitis or as an arterial aneurysm. Here, the authors report the case of a pulmonary artery aneurysm and deep vein thrombosis in a 41-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of Behcet's disease. The patient presented with hemoptysis and a cough, and was found to have a bleeding pulmonary artery aneurysm at the right lower lung. Pulmonary arteriography was performed and the aneurysm was embolized with coils. As a result, hemoptysis did not subsequently recur. However, five years later, deep vein thrombosis occurred in the left leg. Left leg pain improved after the regional infusion of thrombolytics.

Anticancer effects of caesalpinia sappan extracts on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells

Anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. on oral carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated in this study. In order to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan L, we analyzed telomerase inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. In addition, we prepared 5 fraction samples according to its polarity differences and analyzed anticancer effects on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Following results are obtained in this study. 1. 50percent cell proliferation inhibitory value (IC(50)) of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were 9.0 microgram/ml and 10.9 microgram/ml, respectively. 2. The methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. showed inhibitory effect of telomerase which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. 3. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity and 88.7percent of ingredient of total methanol extract was transferred to ethylacetate fraction. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that dichloromethane fraction contained ingredient with relatively high polarity and ethylacetate fraction contained similar ingredient found in total methanol extract. 4. Anticancer effect was observed in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had IC(50) value of 4.4 microgram/ml and > 4.0 microgram/ml against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.

Access Type as A Predictor of Dialysis Dose and Efficiency in Hemodialysis Patients / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUND: Use of venous catheter is associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis patients, but little data are available on impact of vascular access type on the discrepancy between dialysis prescription and dose. Dialysis prescription commonly exceeds the delivered dialysis dose. The purpose of this study are to evaluate the dialysis dose and efficiency between a tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) to the same patients on different dialysis days. METHODS: This study enrolled 35 hemodialysis patients. All patients started dialysis via tunneled cuffed catheters (Permcath(R)) in the internal jugular vein and a vascular surgeon created AVF later. We investigated prescribed spKT/V (pKt/V) and delivered spKt/V (dKt/V) within 2 months after the TCCs placement and after the AVF cannulation. Dialysis efficiencies (dKt/V/pKt/V) were compared over this two distinct times. RESULTS: Patient demographics were similar between two distinct times. The mean age of patients was 52.7 years (18 men, 17 women) and mean BMI was 21.9. 17 patients (48.6%) were diabetics. The mean pKt/V was not different (TCCs 1.63+/-0.30; AVF 1.62+/-0.29) but mean dKt/V was significantly different (TCCs 1.38+/-0.31; AVF 1.46+/-0.34) (p<0.05). The dialysis efficiencies were 85.14% for TCCs and 90.74% for AVF (p<0.05). There were no differences in sex, or diabetics. Underdialysis (delivered spKt/V <1.3) was greater in TCCs (17/35; 48.6 %), compared to AVF (10/35; 28.6%). Underdialysis was more common in larger patients. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that AVF tend to receive more dialysis dose than tunneled cuffed catheters and underdialysis exposure are more common with catheter use.

Relationship between Bowel Symptom Changes and Dysmenorrhea in Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Women / 대한소화관운동학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between bowel symptom changes and dysmenorrhea in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-seven female medical students filled up questionnaires including change of bowel symptom, dysmenorrhea and perimenstrual symptom. Seventeen volunteered to keep diaries concerning their bowel habits and menstruation for two menstrual cycles. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-three (68.8%) reported that their bowel habit was changed according to menstrual cycle. Ninety-three (39.2%) fit the Rome II criteria of IBS. The number of subjects who reported changed bowel habit during the menstruation period was more in the IBS group than in the non-IBS group (84/93 vs. 83/144, p<0.005). The severity of dysmenorrhea was not different between IBS and non-IBS groups. The menstrual distress score during the menstruation period was significantly higher in the IBS group than in the non-IBS group. In 17 volunteers (12 IBS, 5 non-IBS), stool consistency and frequency were not significantly different between the menstruation and non-menstruation periods, regardless of their IBS status. The mean score of abdominal pain was higher in the menstruation than in the non-menstruation period only in the IBS group. CONCLUSIONS: IBS women have more bowel symptoms during their menstruation period than non-IBS women. Its mechanism should be further clarified.

Expression of the NR2A and 2B Subunits of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptors in Hypoxic Neonatal Rat Hippocampus

PURPOSE: The developing brain has been reported to be extremely susceptible to toxicity of ischemia and/or hypoxia during a restricted developmental period. Hippocampal neuronal cell death is a typical type of perinatal hypoxic brain lesion and often coexists with other forms of cerebral hypoxic injuries. In the present study, we examined whether transcriptional changes of NR2A and NR2B subunits of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors related to the neuronal cell death to hypoxic toxicity are involved in developing neurons in the hippocampus. METHODS: We examined the lesion produced by in vivo direct exposure of 92% N2 and 8% O2 for 2 hours at postnatal day 7. Hippocampal sections from the 7th and 14th days after hypoxia were obtained, and the amount of the NR2A and NR2B mRNA subunits were measured by in situ hybridization using the antisense probe to the NR2A and NR2B subunits. To determine the effects of molecular changes of NMDA receptor subunits, morphological changes of neurons and/or accompanying astrocytosis were evaluated by H&E and immunohistochemical stain. RESULTS: Fourteen days after hypoxia, the expression of NR2B significantly increased whereas NR2A showed distinct reduction compared with that of control rat pups. At this time, unexpectedly, neurons in CA3 region showed prominant reduction of the actual numbers and accompanied reactive astrocytosis. CONCLUSION: Alteration of NR2A and NR2B expression to hypoxic insults, suggest the possibility that changes of the NR2 subunits which can alter the function of the NMDA receptor play a crucial role in the occurrence of developmentally specific hippocampal neuronal injury.

Studies on anticancer effects of extracts caesalpinia sappan on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells

Anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. on oral carcinoma (KB) and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were investigated in this study. In order to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Caesalpinia sappan L, we analyzed telomerase inhibitory effect of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. In addition we prepared 5 fraction samples according to its polarity differences and analyzed anticancer effects on oral carcinoma and osteosarcoma cells. Following results are obtained in this study. 1. 50% cell proliferation inhibitory value (IC50) of the methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells were 9.0 microgram/ml and 10.9 microgram/ml, respectively. 2. The methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. showed inhibitory effect of telomerase which is required for cancer cell immortality. Therefore, it seems that the anticancer effect of methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan is at least partially due to telomerase inhibitory effect. 3. Five fraction samples were prepared according to its polarity and 88.7% of ingredient of total methanol extract was transferred to ethylacetate fraction. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that dichloromethane fraction contained ingredient with relatively high polarity and ethylacetate fraction contained similar ingredient found in total methanol extract. 4. Anticancer effect was observed in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethylacetate fractions. The highest anticancer effect was found in dichloromethane fraction which had IC50 value of 4.4 and>4.0 microgram/ml against oral carcinoma (KB) cells and osteosarcoma (HOS) cells, respectively.

A Case of Transfusion Induced Malaria Presenting as a Fever of Unknown Origin / 감염

We report a case of a 39 year-old woman with transfusion-induced malaria presenting as fever of unknown origin. She had been well until 2 months ago when lower abdominal pain developed. Pelvic ultrasonography revealed an ovarian mass and an operation was performed. Two weeks after the operation, she developed a fever. Peripheral blood smear revealed developmental stages of Plasmodium vivax. The patient had received two units of whole blood during the operation, which was later proven to have been donated by a asymptomatic soldier who contracted tertian malaria while serving near the DMZ, an endemic area of malaria in South Korea. Considering such a case, malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis of post-transfusion febrile episodes.

A CLINICAL STUDY OF PEDIATRIC MANDIBULAR FRACTURE

As jaws of children differ from those of adults in the aspects of architectural and mechanical properties, site, form and treatment modality of pediatric fractured jaws are somewhat different from those of adults. This study takes stastics of 33 pediatric patients with mandibular fractures (55 fracture sites) who were admitted to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Kyung-hee university from May 1986 to March 1995, aged up to 15years with primary or mixed dentition, by age, cause, site and treatment modality. The results are as follows. 1. The mandibular fracture has sexual predilection for male, 0 to 3 years group. 2. The main cause of mandibular fracture is falling from various position, followed by traffic accident. 3. The highest incidence of fracture site is symphysis and/or condyle area. 4. Circumferential wiring is widely used for pediatric mandibular fracture.

Both Carotid Endarterectomy in Obstrution of Carotid Arteries and Bypass Graft with Kidney Preservation in Obstrution of Abdominal Aorta: A Report of Case / 대한흉부외과학회지

A 56 years old male patient admitted to our neurology department because of repeated tingling sensation in right 3, 4, 5th. fingers and weakness on grasping, which were progressively developed recently. At this time, he had also suffered from claudication in both lower extremities. Carotid angiogram showed that right internal carotid artery was obstructed completely, and both common, both external and left internal carotid arteries had significant stenosis, Concommitantly, aortogram suggested complete obstruction just below the renal arteries. We planned staged operation for two separated arterial lesions. Both carotid endarterectomy was performed. and we used carotid shunt for left side during operation. Abdominal aortic lesion was operated 2 weeks later. We obligately clamped aorta just below the celiac artery and infused kidney perservation solution to pertect kidney during ischemia. Reversed Y bypass graft and kidney perservation was successful despite of 40 minute ischemia. Postoperative coure was uneventful and patient was discharged without any specific problem.

Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis / 대한흉부외과학회지

No abstract available.