A Case of Regional Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma that Developed from Recurrent Chalazion

Squamous cell carcinoma is relatively rare in the eyelid, accounting for about 9.2% of all eyelid malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs most commonly in fair-skinned, elderly individuals who have had a history of chronic sun exposure and skin damage. This potentially lethal neoplasm is capable of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma may arise de novo or from pre-existing lesions and also develop following radiation therapy. Various treatment modalities have been advocated including surgical extirpation with histologic control, radiation therapy and cryotherapy. We report this case of regional metastatic squamous cell carcinoma that developed from recurrent chalazion in 37 years old woman with a brief review of literetures.

A Case of Regional Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma that Developed from Recurrent Chalazion

Squamous cell carcinoma is relatively rare in the eyelid, accounting for about 9.2% of all eyelid malignancy. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs most commonly in fair-skinned, elderly individuals who have had a history of chronic sun exposure and skin damage. This potentially lethal neoplasm is capable of metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Squamous cell carcinoma may arise de novo or from pre-existing lesions and also develop following radiation therapy. Various treatment modalities have been advocated including surgical extirpation with histologic control, radiation therapy and cryotherapy. We report this case of regional metastatic squamous cell carcinoma that developed from recurrent chalazion in 37 years old woman with a brief review of literetures.

A Case of Marcus Gunn Syndrome

Marcus Gunn reported an unusual type of congenital ptosis with a peculiar associated movement of the affected lid in 1883. This movement is thought to be due to a congenital misdirection of some of the 5th cranial nerve fibers into the branch of the 3rd cranial nerve that supplies the levator muscle. Therefore, stimulation of the jaw-winking mechanism sends excess impulses into a poorly innervated levator muscle, enough to momentarily raise the eyelid. We experienced a case of Marcus gunn syndrome in a 14 year-old boy, whose chief complaint was the drooping of the left upper eyelid which was retracted in association with opening of mouth or lateral movement of the jaw to the right side since birth.

A Case of Marcus Gunn Syndrome

Marcus Gunn reported an unusual type of congenital ptosis with a peculiar associated movement of the affected lid in 1883. This movement is thought to be due to a congenital misdirection of some of the 5th cranial nerve fibers into the branch of the 3rd cranial nerve that supplies the levator muscle. Therefore, stimulation of the jaw-winking mechanism sends excess impulses into a poorly innervated levator muscle, enough to momentarily raise the eyelid. We experienced a case of Marcus gunn syndrome in a 14 year-old boy, whose chief complaint was the drooping of the left upper eyelid which was retracted in association with opening of mouth or lateral movement of the jaw to the right side since birth.

A Clinical Study on Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Hayreh calssified central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO) into 2 groups as venous stasis retinopathy(VSR) and hemorrhagic retinopathy(HR) based on pathogenesis. VSR is a benign, nonischemic, and self-limited condition, while HR is a severe, ischemic, and potentially blinding disorder. This classification is beneficial to regarding the prognosis and management of CRVO. The author evaluated the clinical course of 69 cases of CRVO at the Department of Ophthalmology, Paik Hospital, Inje college from January, 1981 to June, 1986. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 69 patients of CRVO, 38 patients were classified as VSR(55.1%) and 31 patients as HR(44.9%). 2. The patients were comprised of 33 males and 36 females. The average age was 52.4 +/- 9.7 years in VSR, and 52.7 +/- 10.1 years in HR. 3. The mean interval between onset of symptom and first ophthalmic consultation was 22 days in VSR, and 8 days in HR. 4. The improvement of visual acuity more than 1 line in test chart was 39.5% in VSR, and 12.9% in HR. 5. The most common associated systemic disease was hypertension(42.0%) and the next was diabetes mellitus(8.7%). Open angle glaucoma was associated in 6 patients(8.7%). 6. Photocoagulation was given 3 cases of VSR and 8 cases of HR. Of the 23 untreated cases with HR, 26.1% developed neovascular glaucoma and none of the 8 cases with HR treated with panretinal photocoagulation developed neovascular glaucoma. 7. Cystoid macular edema was occurred in 39.5% of VSR and 54.8% of HR. Proliferative retinopathy and vitreous hemorrhage were occurred in 1 and 2 cases of HR respectively.

A Clinical Analysis on 456 Cases of Glaucoma Among Outpatients During 5 Years

Glaucoma cases undoubtedly represent one of the biggest ophthalmic problems in the field of public health. We analysed statistically 456 cases of the glaucoma patients among 35150 outpatients who visited to our eye department from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1986. Diagnosis was performed by intraocular pressure, visual acuity, visual field, fundus and gonioscopic examination. The prevalence of the galucoma was 1.3% which was similar as other reports. The following results were obtained. 1. Among the 456 cases including 218 male and 238 female patients, there was no significant sexual difference statistically. 2. The age group over 40 years old occupied 65.9%. 3. The age group 4th and 6th decade in male and 6th and 7th decade in female occupied higher prevalence rate. 4. Open angle glaucoma has the highest prevalence rate. 5. Visual acuity was not significantly correlated to the latency. 6. Intraocular pressure appeared not to have significant correlation to the latency. 7. There was no significant difference in left and right eye. 8. There was significant correlation between the visual acuity and the intraocular pressure.

Surgical Repairment of 3 Cases of Blowout Fracture

Blowout fracture is a fracture of the bony orbital floor in the direction of the maxillary sinus as the result of a sudden increase of intra-orbital pressure secondry to a blow to the eye and soft tissue of the orbit from non penetrating convex objects. A common clinical manifestations of blowout fracture are enophthalmos, intra-orbital anesthesia, diplopia and mechanical limitation of ocular rotation. The early diagnosis and proper treatment of blowout fracture may prevent disability and deformity. Recently, we have repaired three cases of blowout fracture by use of the Cald-well-luc approach combined with the Subciliary incision. We report three cases of blowout fracture with a brief review of the literature.

A Case of Orbital Leiomyosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of smooth muscle, that rarely occurs in the orbit. It has previously been reported mainly in older persons and is characterized by frequent local recurrences and metastatic lesions. The authors report a case of orbital leiomyosarcoma in a 29 year old male that we believe was fully excised.