Estimated glomerular filtration rate in clinical practice: Consensus positioning of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) and Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (SBPC/ML) / Estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular na prática clínica: posicionamento consensual da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN) e Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica e Medicina Laboratorial (SBPC/ML)

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of today's main public health problems. Serum creatinine measurement and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the main tools for evaluating renal function. There are several equations to estimate GFR, and CKD-EPI equation (Chronic Kidney Disease - Epidemiology) is the most recommended one. There are still some controversies regarding serum creatinine measurement and GFR estimation, since several factors can interfere in this process. An important recent change was the removal of the correction for race from the equations for estimating GFR, which overestimated kidney function, and consequently delayed the implementation of treatments such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. In this consensus document from the Brazilian Societies of Nephrology and Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the main concepts related to the assessment of renal function are reviewed, as well as possible existing controversies and recommendations for estimating GFR in clinical practice.

RESUMO A doença renal crônica (DRC) representa um dos principais problemas de saúde pública da atualidade. A dosagem da creatinina sérica e a estimativa da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) são as principais ferramentas para avaliação da função renal. Para a estimativa da TFG, existem diversas equações, sendo a mais recomendada a CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease - Epidemiology). Existem ainda algumas controvérsias com relação à dosagem da creatinina sérica e da estimativa da TFG, uma vez que vários fatores podem interferir nesse processo. Uma importante mudança recente foi a retirada da correção por raça das equações para estimativa da TFG, que superestimavam a função renal, e consequentemente retardavam a implementação de tratamentos como diálise e transplante renal. Neste documento de consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia e Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica e Medicina Laboratorial são revisados os principais conceitos relacionados à avaliação da função renal, possíveis controvérsias existentes e recomendações para a estimativa da TFG na prática clínica.

Manejo expectante de amniocele en paciente con espectro de placenta accreta: reporte de caso

Introducción: El amniocele es una hernia del saco amniótico a través de un defecto en la pared del útero, el cual puede deberse a ruptura uterina, secundario a daños preexistentes, anomalías uterinas o en un útero sin cicatrices. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 37 años, con antecedente de dos partos por cesárea, a quien en la semana 25,5 de embarazo se le diagnostica por ecografía amniocele en la pared anterior de útero contenido por la vejiga, además de signos ecográficos de acretismo placentario. La posterior realización de resonancia magnética confirma el diagnóstico. Se realiza manejo expectante con estancia continua intrahospitalaria estricta. Resolución obstétrica a las 34 semanas por cesárea, con extracción fetal por fondo uterino sin complicaciones, con posterior realización de histerectomía con placenta in situ. Conclusiones: Este reporte de caso ilustra la importancia de la identificación temprana de esta condición por ser una complicación infrecuente, pero de grave pronóstico fetomaterno en ausencia de atención inmediata.

Introduction: Amniocele is a hernia of the amniotic sac through a defect in the uterine wall, which can be caused by uterine rupture secondary to preexisting damage, uterine anomalies, or a scarless uterus. Case report: We present a case of a 37-year-old patient with a history of two previous cesarean deliveries. At 25.5 weeks of gestation, the diagnosis of amniocele in the anterior uterine wall, contained by the bladder, along with ultrasound signs of placenta accreta, was confirmed through ultrasound. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging further confirmed the diagnosis. Expectant management with strict continuous intrahospital stay was implemented. Obstetric resolution was achieved at 34 weeks through cesarean delivery, with uncomplicated fetal extraction through the uterine fundus. Subsequently, a hysterectomy was performed with the placenta left in situ. Conclusions: This case report illustrates the importance of early identification of this condition due to its infrequent but serious feto-maternal prognosis in the absence of immediate attention.

Utilidad de la puntuación qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer / Usefulness of the qSOFA score for predicting hospital mortality in cancer patients

Resumen Antecedentes: El quick Sequential Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) es una puntuación propuesta para identificar de forma rápida a pacientes con mayor probabilidad de morir. Objetivo: Describir la utilidad de la puntuación qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue la variable dependiente. Se calculó el área bajo la curva ROC (ABC) para determinar la capacidad discriminativa de qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se incluyeron 587 pacientes con cáncer. La puntuación qSOFA < 1 obtuvo una sensibilidad de 57.2 %, una especificidad de 78.5 %, un valor predictivo positivo de 55.4 % y un valor predictivo negativo de 79.7 %. El ABC de qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 0.70. La mortalidad hospitalaria de los pacientes con qSOFA de 2 y 3 puntos fue de 52.7 y 64.4 %, respectivamente. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 31.9 % (187/587). Conclusión: qSOFA mostró capacidad discriminativa aceptable para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer.

Abstract Background: The quick Sequential Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a score that has been proposed to quickly identify patients at higher risk of death. Objective: To describe the usefulness of the qSOFA score to predict in-hospital mortality in cancer patients. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between January 2021 and December 2022. Hospital mortality was the dependent variable. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the discriminative ability of qSOFA to predict in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 587 cancer patients were included. A qSOFA score higher than 1 obtained a sensitivity of 57.2 %, specificity of 78.5 %, a positive predictive value of 55.4 % and negative predictive value of 79.7 %. The AUC of qSOFA for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.70. In-hospital mortality of patients with qSOFA scores of 2 and 3 points was 52.7 and 64.4 %, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 31.9 % (187/587). Conclusions: qSOFA showed acceptable discriminative ability for predicting in-hospital mortality in cancer patients.

Analysis of Healthcare-associated Infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Colombian hospital

Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections pose a significant challenge, contributing to hospital morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the behavior of Healthcare Associated Infections before and during the pandemic reported to a high-complexity health institution in Colombia. Material and Methods: In our retrospective observational study on Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs), we analyzed data from all in-patients diagnosed with HAIs between 2018 and 2020. This included clinical, demographic, microbiological, and microbial susceptibility information collected from the Committee on Nosocomial Infections' prospective database. Data from 391 isolates were obtained using Whonet software for antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Results: We found 504 cases of HAIs (2018-2020) with an overall in-hospital infection rate of 2.55/1000 patient-days. The median age for pediatric patients was 5 years, and for adults, 56 years, with 57% male. The leading admission diagnoses were oncologic disease complications (31%). Bacteremia had a 30-day mortality rate of 13%, predominantly catheter-associated (37%). Gram-negative bacilli, notably Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, represented 58% cases of HAI. Discussion: The critical need for specific interventions and antimicrobial management to control HAIs, especially given the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, is highlighted. Conclusions: This is the first report on HAIs incidence at a tertiary hospital in Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Bacteremia was predominant; 75% of HAIs patients had comorbidities. Gram-negative bacilli prevailed; a notable rise in ICU respiratory infections occurred during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems was prevalent.

Manifestación clínica inicial de la lipomatosis epidural lumbar grado III de Naka: serie de casos / Initial clinical signs of Naka's grade III lumbar epidural lipomatosis: A case series

Introducción: La lipomatosis epidural espinal es una enfermedad infrecuente caracterizada por el sobrecrecimiento del tejido adiposo no encapsulado dentro del espacio epidural. Esto genera una estenosis del conducto espinal que puede provocar sintomatología compresiva. La presentación típica es insidiosa a lo largo de meses o años. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis descriptivo de la manifestación clínica inicial en pacientes con lipomatosis epidural espinal grado III de Naka. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en la Unidad de Patología Espinal de 4 instituciones, de 2010 a 2023. Se incluyó a pacientes >18 años, de ambos sexos, que acudieron por dolor lumbar con irradiación o sin irradiación, y presentaban lipomatosis lumbar Naka III en la resonancia magnética. Resultados: Se incorporó a 40 pacientes (edad promedio 62.5 años). El 75% era obeso, ninguno era fumador. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue lumbalgia, con una mediana de evolución del dolor de 5.5 meses. Conclusiones:La lumbalgia fue la consulta más frecuente, con excepción del compromiso de L3-S1 que fue la lumbocruralgia. Los pacientes que sufrieron dolor más tiempo (>6 meses) eran más jóvenes y tenían un índice de masa corporal menor; sin embargo, no resultó estadísticamente significativo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare pathology characterized by the overgrowth of nonencapsulated adipose tissue within the epidural space. This generates spinal stenosis, which might result in compression symptoms. The typical presentation is insidious pain that lasts months or years. The objective of this study was to carry out a descriptive analysis of the initial clinical signs of patients with Naka's grade III lumbar SEL. materials and methods: Retrospective observational study in the Spinal Pathology Unit of 4 institutions, from 2010 to 2023. Patients over the age of 18, of both sexes, who consulted for low back pain with or without radiation and presented Naka's grade III lumbar lipomatosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Results: We included 40 patients, with a mean age of 62.5 years; 75% were obese, there were no smokers. The most frequent reason for consultation was low back pain, with a median duration of 5.5 months. Conclusions: The most common reason for consultation was low back pain, with the exception of L3-S1 level involvement, which caused lumbar pain with radiation to the thigh. Patients with a longer period of pain (>6 months) were younger and had a lower BMI; although this was not statistically significant. Level of Evidence: IV

Frecuencia del dolor lumbar en médicos especialistas en Ortopedia y Traumatología: estudio transversal / Prevalence of low back pain in Orthopedics and Traumatology specialists: A cross-sectional study

Introducción: Hasta el 85% de la población padecerá, al menos, un episodio de dolor lumbar a lo largo de su vida. Representa una de las principales quejas del personal de salud, y tiene una prevalencia anual del 77%; los traumatólogos tenemos múltiples factores de riesgo para desarrollar este cuadro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de lumbalgia e identificar posibles factores asociados, en una muestra de médicos traumatólogos.materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico observacional transversal sobre el padecimiento de dolor lumbar en médicos especialistas en Ortopedia y Traumatología, miembros de la AAOT. El cuestionario se envió semanalmente durante un mes. Resultados: Se recibieron 393 respuestas, predominó el sexo masculino, y la media de la edad era de 46 años. Más del 50% de la muestra refirió sobrepeso, y el 43%, sedentarismo. La media de autopercepción de estrés laboral fue de 7. Un 86% afirmó haber sufrido, al menos, un episodio en el último año y un 38%, más de 4 episodios. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de lumbalgia fue alta. Predominaron los episodios agudos, no fueron necesarios estudios complementarios. Menos del 10% hizo reposo laboral. El hábito sedentario, el número de comorbilidades y la edad se asociaron con un riesgo más alto de sufrir >2 episodios de dolor. Nivel de Evidencia: III

Introduction: Up to 85% of the population will suffer at least one episode of low back pain throughout their lives. It is one of the most common complaints among healthcare workers, with a reported annual prevalence of 77%. Orthopedic surgeons have multiple risk factors for developing this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain and identify possible contributing factors in a sample of orthopedic surgeons. Materials and methods: Across-sectional observational analytical study on low back pain in Orthopedics and Traumatology specialists who are members of the AAOT. Over the course of one month, a questionnaire was sent weekly. Results: 393 responses were received, the predominant sex was male, and the mean age was 46 years. More than 50% of the sample reported being overweight, whereas 43% reported being sedentary. The average self-perceived work stress was 7. 86% of respondents reported at least one episode in the previous year, with 38% reporting more than four. Conclusions: The prevalence of low back pain was high. Acute episodes predominated, and complementary studies were not necessary. Less than 10% took time off work. Sedentary habits, comorbidities, and age were all associated with an increased likelihood of suffering >2 episodes of pain. Level of Evidence: III

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of NCD Care at the Primary Care Level in the Philippines: A qualitative inquiry

Background and Objective@#The focusing of resources to COVID-19 response hampered and disadvantaged primary care services including that for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), compromising continuity of care and hence, patients’ disease status. However, studies from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain sparse; therefore, evidence generation on how the pandemic impacted the provision of these primary care services in LMICs will help further understand how policies can be reframed, and programs be made more efficient and effective despite similar crises. To bridge this gap, the study investigated how the pandemic affected the implementation of NCD care at the primary care level in the Philippines.@*Methods@#Thirty-one online focus group discussions via Zoom Meetings were conducted among 113 consenting physicians, nurses, midwives, and community health workers from various facilities — community health centers and stations, free-standing clinics, infirmaries, and level 1 hospitals — located within two provinces in the Philippines. All interviews were video-recorded upon participants’ consent and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was employed through NViVo 12® to generate themes, identify categories, and describe codes. @*Results@#The impact of COVID-19 on NCD care at the primary care level revolved around heightened impediments to service delivery, alongside worsening of pre-existing challenges experienced by the healthcare workforce; subsequently compelling the public to resort to unhealthy practices. These detriments to the primary healthcare system involved resource constraints, discontinued programs, referral difficulties, infection, overburden among workers, and interrupted training activities. Citizens were also observed to adopt poor healthcare seeking behavior, thereby discontinuing treatment regimen. @*Conclusion@#Healthcare workers asserted that disadvantages caused by the pandemic in their NCD services at the primary care level possibly threaten patients’ health status. Besides the necessity to address such detriments, this also emphasizes the need for quantitative studies that will aid in drawing inferences and evaluating the effect of health crises like the pandemic on such services to bridge gaps in improving quality of care.

Lesiones ocasionadas por mordeduras de perros en niños atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bolivia / Dog bite injuries in children seen at a tertiary care hospital in Bolivia

Introducción. Este estudio pretende caracterizar las lesiones provocadas por perros en niños de un hospital pediátrico de Bolivia. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, en pacientes atendidos del 2017 al 2021. Resultados. Se estudiaron 769 pacientes. Las lesiones representaron el 5,6 % de las emergencias y el 0,8 % de las internaciones. Fueron más frecuentes en niños de hasta 5 años (55,1 %), en quienes se observó mayor gravedad de las lesiones (p = 0,008), antecedente de provocación al animal (p = 0,048), un animal agresor conocido (p <0,036), el contexto doméstico del accidente (p = 0,021), mayor frecuencia de profilaxis con suero luego de la exposición (p = 0,005) y regiones afectadas principalmente maxilofaciales (p <0,001). Observamos 3 casos de mortalidad por rabia humana y 1 por shock hipovolémico. Conclusión. Las lesiones producidas por perros son causas frecuentes de visita a emergencia y hospitalización en pediatría, y tienen características particulares en niños de hasta 5 años de edad.

Introduction. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics of dog bite injuries in children seen at a children's hospital in Bolivia. Population and methods. This was an observational, retrospective study in patients seen between 2017 and 2021. Results. A total of 769 patients were studied. Dog bite injuries accounted for 5.6% of emergency visits and 0.8% of hospitalizations. They were more frequent in children younger than 5 years (55.1%), in whom the following were observed: greater injury severity (p = 0.008), history of animal provocation (p = 0.048), known attacking animal (p < 0.036), domestic accident (p = 0.021), greater frequency of post-exposure prophylaxis with anti-rabies serum (p = 0.005), and maxillofacial area as the main region involved (p < 0.001). There were 3 deaths due to human rabies and 1 due to hypovolemic shock. Conclusion. Dog bite injuries are a frequent cause of visit to the emergency department and hospitalization in pediatrics and have specific characteristics in children younger than 5 years.

What are the effects of drugs for nausea and vomiting prevention following general anesthesia? Summary and comments regarding a Cochrane Collaboration network meta-analysis

The aim of this special article is to summarize and discuss, from an anesthesia perspective, the network meta-analysis on drugs used for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia, in agreement with the Cochrane Colombia collaboration and within the framework of the Cochrane Corners strategy. Through the combination of indirect comparisons and based on the evidence, the use of aprepitant, ramosetron, granisetron, dexamethasone and ondansetron is recommended with a high degree of certainty for the reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Este artículo especial tiene el objetivo de resumir y discutir desde la perspectiva de la anestesiología, el metaanálisis en red sobre fármacos para prevenir náuseas y vómito posoperatorio luego de anestesia general, en acuerdo con la colaboración Cochrane Colombia y en el marco de la estrategia Cochrane Corners. Mediante la combinación de la evidencia y el uso de comparaciones indirectas, se ha recomendado con alto grado de certeza el uso de aprepitant, ramosetrón, granisetrón, dexametasona y ondansetrón para la reducción de náuseas y vómito posoperatorio.

Are Medium Cut-off Membranes the Future, or the Promising Reality for Chronic Hemodialysis Patients?

ABSTRACT The development of hemodialysis (HD) membranes has substantially advanced in the last decade. This has resulted in the manufacturing of medium cut-off membranes (MCO) whose internal architecture is based on greater pore size and a smaller diameter, thus promoting the clearance of particles of greater size as well as retrofiltration. Multiple studies have proven their efficacy in the clearance of uremic mid-sized molecules such as β2-microglobulin, free light chains, and some interleukins; this clearance is far superior with MCO membranes when compared with high-flux HD, and similar to that obtained with online hemodiafiltration. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant clinical studies of this membrane in terms of uremic toxin clearance, as well as the features of some clinical outcomes such as quality of life and hospitalizations.

Abordaje terapéutico de cardiopatías congénitas en el síndrome de Down / Congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome

Resumen Antecedentes: El síndrome de Down es la anomalía cromosómica más frecuente y se asocia con defectos cardiacos congénitos, elementos clínicos de una alta morbilidad y mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: Describir los desenlaces clínicos de los pacientes con síndrome de Down sometidos a cirugía e intervencionismo como tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas en esta institución. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes menores de 18 años con síndrome de Down y patología cardiaca asociada durante los últimos 10 años. Las variables estudiadas fueron: peso, talla, sexo, edad, tipo de cardiopatía, procedimiento correctivo, tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria y en unidad de terapia intensiva, morbilidad y mortalidad. Resultados: 368 pacientes pediátricos fueron llevados a corrección quirúrgica o intervencionista, de los cuales 197 (54%) pertenecían al sexo femenino, la mediana de edad fue de 24 meses (rango intercuartílico [RIQ]: 14-48) en el grupo quirúrgico y de 36 meses (RIQ: 17-85) en el intervencionista. Las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes fueron: persistencia del conducto arterioso (31%), comunicación interventricular (28%), canal atrioventricular (CAV) (20%), comunicación interauricular (16%) y tetralogía de Fallot con el 4% respectivamente. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 9 días (RIQ: 7-15) en el grupo quirúrgico y de 3 días (RIQ: 2-5) en el hemodinámico. Las morbilidades fueron infección postoperatoria en 30 pacientes (14%) y en 19 pacientes (9%) bloqueo atrioventricular completo. La mortalidad global incluyendo tanto el quirúrgico como el intervencionista fue del 2%. Conclusiones: Los resultados terapéuticos, quirúrgicos e intervencionistas, en los niños con síndrome de Down y cardiopatías congénitas han mejorado en forma muy satisfactoria. Es de destacar la menor prevalencia del CAV en la población mexicana. Es indispensable realizar evaluación cardiológica a los niños con síndrome de Down y aquellos con cardiopatías congénitas llevarlos a corrección de manera oportuna para favorecer la sobrevida y calidad de vida.

Abstract Background: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, it is associated with a wide variety of congenital heart defects, being considered as clinical elements of high infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes of patients with Down syndrome undergoing surgery and interventionism as treatment for congenital heart disease at this Institution. Material and methods: 368 patients with Down syndrome and associated congenital heart disease were diagnosed. The variables studied were weight, stature, sex, age, type of heart disease, corrective procedure, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, morbidity and mortality. Results: 368 pediatric patients underwent surgical or interventional correction. Of which 197 (54%) were female, the median age was 24 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 14-48) in the surgical group and 36 months (IQR: 17-85) in the interventional group. The most frequent congenital heart diseases were: PCA (31%), IVC (28%), CAV (20%), ASD (16%) and tetralogy of Fallot with 4% respectively. Hospital stay was 9 days (IQR: 7-15) in the surgical group and 3 days (IQR: 2-5) in the hemodynamic group. Morbidities were postoperative infection in 30 patients (14%) and complete atrioventricular block in 19 patients (9%). Overall mortality including both surgical and interventional was 2%. Conclusions: The therapeutic, surgical and interventional results in children with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease have improved very satisfactorily. The lower prevalence of the atrioventricular canal in the Mexican population is noteworthy. It is essential to carry out a cardiological evaluation of children with Down syndrome and those with congenital heart disease to correct them in a timely manner to promote survival and quality of life.

Aneurisma del seno de Valsalva roto a la aurícula derecha resuelto con intervencionismo / Rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to the right atrium resolved with interventionism

Resumen Se presenta un caso de aneurisma del seno de Valsalva derecho roto a la aurícula derecha, que en el transcurso de tres meses desarrolló insuficiencia cardiaca global y fue resuelto del todo por medio de intervencionismo, colocando un dispositivo oclusor en el sitio de la fístula. Se discute su etología, así como las pautas para el diagnóstico clínico y el tratamiento.

Abstract We present a case of a ruptured right sinus of Valsalva aneurysm to the right atrium that developed global heart failure over the course of three months, and which was completely resolved through cardiac catheterism, placing an occlusive device at the site of the fistula. Its ethology is discussed, as well as the guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Preemptive kidney transplantation: why, when, and how? / Transplante renal preemptivo: por que, quando e como?

ABSTRACT Among renal replacement therapies, preemptive kidney transplantation (PKT) presents the best clinical, social, and economic results. However, it is still infrequently chosen as first therapy for patients with irreversible kidney failure. Initiatives in different parts of the world were developed to identify the reasons why PKT is still not widely used and to facilitate the access of patients with end-stage kidney disease to the advantages associated with it. This article addresses the main advantages and difficulties of PKT and discusses when it should be indicated and how to prepare potential recipients for PKT.

Resumo Entre as terapias renais substitutivas, o transplante renal preemptivo (TRP) apresenta os melhores resultados clínicos, sociais e econômicos. No entanto, ainda é raramente escolhido como primeira terapia para pacientes com falência renal irreversível. Foram desenvolvidas iniciativas em diferentes partes do mundo para identificar as razões pelas quais o TRP ainda não é amplamente utilizado e para facilitar o acesso de pacientes com doença renal em estágio terminal às vantagens associadas ao mesmo. Este artigo aborda as principais vantagens e dificuldades do TRP e discute quando ele deve ser indicado e como preparar potenciais receptores para o TRP.

Características clínicas del síndrome de takotsubo: una serie de casos / Clinical characteristics of takotsubo syndrome: a series of cases

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de takotsubo (STT) es una entidad de reciente reconocimiento que asemeja un síndrome coronario agudo. Su epidemiologia ha sido estudiada en diversas poblaciones del mundo. El desencadenante más frecuente es un evento estresante emocional. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas de una serie de casos con STT. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se evaluaron las variables de edad, sexo, características clínicas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, factores desencadenantes, biomarcadores, hallazgos electrocardiográficos, ecocardiográficos y angiográficos en los expedientes clínicos de un grupo de casos de pacientes con STT. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 casos de STT. Fueron 16 mujeres y 3 hombres, promedio de edad 62 ± 14 años; el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular fue el sedentarismo, en 13 casos. El desencadenante emocional estuvo presente en la mayoría de los casos. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor torácico, ocho casos presentaron datos de choque e insuficiencia cardiaca. La variante más común por ecocardiograma fue el balonamiento apical en un 79%, al igual que por ventriculografía. La complicación más común fue choque cardiogénico. Conclusiones: Las características clínicas de nuestra población son similares a las descritas previamente en la literatura. El STT es una miocardiopatía transitoria y reversible con buen pronóstico.

Abstract Introduction: takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a recently recognized entity that resembles an acute coronary syndrome. Its epidemiology has been studied in various populations around the world. The most frequent trigger is an emotional stressful event. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of a series of cases with TTS. Material and methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out. The variables of age, gender, clinical characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, triggering factors, biomarkers, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and angiographic findings in the clinical records of a group of cases of patients with TTS were evaluated. Results: 19 cases of TTS were included. There were 16 women and 3 men, the average age was 62 ± 14 years; the main cardiovascular risk factor was sedentary lifestyle in 13 cases. The emotional trigger was present in most cases. The most frequent symptom was chest pain, eight cases presented data of shoCKP and heart failure. The most common variant by echocardiography was apical ballooning in 79%, as well as by ventriculography. The most common complication was cardiogenic shoCKP. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of our population are like those previously described in the literature. TTS is a transient and reversible cardiomyopathy with a good prognosis.