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Background: Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat accumulates to such an extent that health may be adversely affected1. World Health Organization (WHO) has described rising rates of obesity in the developed world as an epidemic but even in a developing country like India incidence of obesity is rising2.Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart diseases, colonic cancer, osteoarthritis and stroke. Objectives: The present study was planned to find association (if any) of obesity status with blood pressure in middle aged males. Materials and Methods: 125 middle aged male subjects were recruited for the study after applying exclusion criteria. According to their body mass index( BMI), they were divided in control, overweight & obese groups & their blood pressures were measured. Statistical analysis was done using t test & coefficient of correlation. Results: Higher values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found in overweight & obese group as compared to control group which were statistically significant. Statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and systolic as well as diastolic blood pressure was found. Interpretation and Conclusions: Higher values of systolic & diastolic blood pressures in both overweight & obese groups reiterates the role of higher BMI as a cardiovascular risk factor. It is necessary to impart health education to general public regarding health risks associated with higher BMI.
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Background: Students’ feedback about teaching-learning process is recognized to be a valuable tool for the teacher who strives for excellence in his performance. In our department, we regularly obtain feedback from students by way of a questionnaire. Objectives: 1.To assess the effectiveness & quality of teaching. 2. To implement changes wherever possible so as to improve effectiveness of teaching and to make it more studentcentered. Materials & Methods: A questionnaire was administered to students to obtain their feedback about teaching in Dept of Physiology. It had questions about teaching methodology, evaluation and those of general nature. To enhance validity, it was anonymous & it was taken after the students had passed I MBBS examination. Results: Majority of students seem to prefer greater use of powerpoint along with blackboard. They have expressed interest in computer-assisted teaching. Seminars, quizzes and guest lectures are regarded as good adjuvant to routine teaching. They have suggested MCQ tests and theory viva after finishing a particular system and periodic practical tests. They have found pace of teaching comfortable but have protested about lack of time for extracurricular activities. Discussion & results: Based on students’ feedback, certain modifications were made in the Departmental teaching. Students’ feedback about positive and negative points of individual teachers was communicated to them.
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Background: Birth of live congenitally abnormal child especially at term is a great mental and social trauma to parents, family and to the society. In developed countries it is one of the main causes of infant mortality. It accounts 8-15% of peri-natal deaths and 13-16% of neonatal deaths in India. Aims & Objectives : To find out the incidence of congenital anomalies in live and still births and to find out association of major and minor anomalies to maternal demographic profile and to various obstetrics and medical parameters. Materials & Methods: This study was carried on rural based tertiary care referral hospital. All the deliveries occurred during 1st September 2004 to 30th June 2011 (81months) comprised 7053 births were enrolled. The new born were examined systematically by obstetrician and pediatrician. System wise distribution of anomalies and correlation with risk factors were analyzed. Results: Out of total 7053 deliveries, 6433 were live births and 620 were still births. Total number of congenital malformed babies were 71 (1.006%). 31 (43.66%) of the 71 malformed babies were still born and 27 (38.02%) were NND (neonatal death). It means out of 100 stillborn, 43 babies had structural malformation. Major malformation was present in 58 and minor anomalies were present in 13 fetus. Marginal Male predominance 40 (56.33 %) was noted. Central nervous system malformation was most common in live births followed by respiratory system and musculo skeletal system. 64% patients had not taken ANC (antenatal care) and in them 92% had major anomalies. 81.3% anomalies were detected by 2nd trimester USG (ultra sonography) and 18% anomalies were not detected by USG out of which 98% were minor anomalies. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies are a major cause of still births and infant mortality. Regular ANC, 2nd trimester USG for early detection and folic acid supplementation for prevention are the important factors to be considered to decrease the burden of congenital malformation.
RESUMEN
Background: According to World Health Organisation, type 2 diabetes mellitus [type 2 D. M] has recently escalated in all age groups and is now being identified in younger age groups. This underscores the need for mass awareness and screening programs to detect diabetes at an early stage. For this purpose we have used a simplified Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) for prediction of diabetes in undergraduate medical students. Objectives: To screen and to identify 1st MBBS students at risk for developing type 2 D. M using IDRS. Materials and Methods : 261 undergraduates (1st MBBS students) were scored using IDRS which includes age, family history of diabetes, exercise status, and waist circumference. After scoring them, we assessed random capillary blood glucose (RCBG) in students with high IDRS score. Students with RCBG ≥ 113 mg/dl are followed for definitive tests for diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes. Results and Conclusion: We have assessed 261 students till now. It was observed that 5%, 55%, and 38% students in High, Moderate, and Low risk group, respectively, for developing type 2 D. M. The mean abdominal obesity in high risk students was 101.95 ± 5.76 as compared to 79.17 ± 11.08 in moderate and low risk students (P < 0.0001). 63% students were having sedentary lifestyle. Family history of diabetes in either or both parents was present in 25% students. Mean RCBG in students having score more than 50 was 97.33 ± 9.68 mg/dl. Also, two students were having RCBG > 113 mg/dl in which one student found to have prediabetic. Conclusion: This underscores the need for further investigations to detect diabetes at an early stage and to overcome the disease burden of diabetes in future. Prevention of obesity and promotion of physical activity have to be the future plan of action which can be suggested in the form of regular exercise and diet planning for the students as part of an integrated approach.