Prevalence and Risk Factors of Atypical Femoral Fracture Bone Scintigraphic Feature in Patients Experiencing Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Bisphosphonate (BP) is the first-line therapy for the management of osteoporosis. BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and atypical femoral fracture (AFF) are increasingly common comorbidities in patients with osteoporosis under long-term BP treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ.METHODS: Among total of 373 BRONJ patients treated between September 2005 and July 2014, 237 (220 women, 17 men; median age 73 years) who underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy were enrolled for this retrospective study. AFF features on bone scintigraphy and the related clinical factors were assessed.RESULTS: Among 237 patients with BRONJ, 11 (4.6%) showed AFF features on bone scintigraphy. BP medication duration (p = 0.049) correlated significantly with AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ. BP intake duration of 34 months was the cutoff value for predicting the presence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy. Among the patients with BRONJ, all those with AFF features on bone scintigraphy were female patients with osteoporosis who were on oral BP medication; however, these factors were not significantly different along with AFF features on bone scintigraphy.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy was relatively high in patients with BRONJ. A careful observation of patients presenting with the AFF features on bone scintigraphy may be needed, particularly for female BRONJ patients with osteoporosis who have been on BP medication for over 34 months.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Atypical Femoral Fracture Bone Scintigraphic Feature in Patients Experiencing Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE@#Bisphosphonate (BP) is the first-line therapy for the management of osteoporosis. BP-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and atypical femoral fracture (AFF) are increasingly common comorbidities in patients with osteoporosis under long-term BP treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ.@*METHODS@#Among total of 373 BRONJ patients treated between September 2005 and July 2014, 237 (220 women, 17 men; median age 73 years) who underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy were enrolled for this retrospective study. AFF features on bone scintigraphy and the related clinical factors were assessed.@*RESULTS@#Among 237 patients with BRONJ, 11 (4.6%) showed AFF features on bone scintigraphy. BP medication duration (p = 0.049) correlated significantly with AFF features on bone scintigraphy in patients with BRONJ. BP intake duration of 34 months was the cutoff value for predicting the presence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy. Among the patients with BRONJ, all those with AFF features on bone scintigraphy were female patients with osteoporosis who were on oral BP medication; however, these factors were not significantly different along with AFF features on bone scintigraphy.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The incidence of AFF features on bone scintigraphy was relatively high in patients with BRONJ. A careful observation of patients presenting with the AFF features on bone scintigraphy may be needed, particularly for female BRONJ patients with osteoporosis who have been on BP medication for over 34 months.

High Prevalence of Thyroid Disease and Role of Salivary Gland Scintigraphy in Patients with Xerostomia / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Although Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is the most common disease causing xerostomia, autoimmune thyroid diseases can also affect the salivary glands. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of thyroid diseases (TD) in subjects with symptoms of xerostomia and evaluate the efficacy of salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) in the detection of TD in patients with SS and without SS.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the SGS findings of 173 subjects (men:women, 29:144) with symptoms of xerostomia. Ejection fractions (EF) in the parotid and submandibular glands were calculated. Thyroid disease was diagnosed on the basis of the results of the visual assessment of tracer uptake in the thyroid gland on SGS images as well as serological thyroid function tests.RESULTS: Based on the American-European Criteria, 94 patients were diagnosed with SS. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed in 63 patients, subacute thyroiditis in 23, subclinical hypothyroidism in five, and Graves' disease in one. There were significant differences in the EF values of the parotid and submandibular glands between patients with TD and those with undetermined diagnoses.CONCLUSIONS: More than half of patients with xerostomia exhibited TD. Thyroid assessment by SGS is feasible, and SGS appears to be useful for the patients with xerostomia caused by TD. SGS may be the first imaging modality capable of evaluating both salivary gland function and thyroid gland status in patients with xerostomia. This strategy would make the requirement for additional workup for thyroid disease.

Consideration of Serum Thyrotropin When Interpreting Serum Thyroglobulin Level in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) after thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) is the most sensitive marker for detecting recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In DTC, Tg production is regulated by TSH; however, TSH values after THW are never identical, even in the same patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of TSH on Tg levels after THW. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TSH and Tg concentrations were measured twice at 2 and 3 weeks after THW in 309 patients with DTC. TSH and Tg levels at these time points were compared. The percent change in TSH (ΔTSH) and change in Tg level (%ΔTg) from 2 to 3 weeks after THW were calculated, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine whether ΔTSH could affect %ΔTg. Tg cutoff value for diagnostic imaging was 2 ng/mL. RESULTS: The TSH and Tg values at 3 weeks were significantly higher than those at 2 weeks after THW. Tg values increased significantly to >2 ng/mL after 1 week in 38.5% of the patients with Tg values of 0.2-2 ng/mL at 2 weeks after THW. In patients with Tg values ≥2 ng/mL at 2 weeks after THW, Tg values increased significantly after an additional week of THW. ΔTSH correlated significantly with %ΔTg. CONCLUSION: TSH values differed according to time after THW, and Tg values differed significantly according to TSH values. Therefore, TSH values should be considered carefully when interpreting the meaning of Tg levels in patients with DTC.

Pathological N1b Node Metastasis Itself Can Be Still a Valid Prognostic Factor in PTC after High Dose RAI Therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether pathologically proven central or lateral lymph node (LN) metastasis (pN1a or pN1b) could affect ablation success and recurrence after high-dose radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation. We also sought to identify the risk factors for long-term recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 277 patients with pN1 disease who had undergone high-dose RAI ablation (5.55 GBq) between 2000 and 2006 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the ablation success rate and the recurrence rate between patients with pN1a and pN1b disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 10.2 years. The overall ablation success rate was 64%, and the ablation success rate in the pN1b group (49%) was lower than in the pN1a group (74%). The overall recurrence rate was 23%, and the recurrence rate in the pN1b group (30%) was higher than in pN1a group (18%). A higher ratio of metastatic LNs, a higher level of pre-ablation thyroglobulin, and ablation failure were significant risk factors for recurrence by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Patients with pN1b disease experienced a lower ablation success rate and a higher recurrence rate than patients with pN1a disease. However, a higher ratio of metastatic LNs, a higher level of pre-ablation thyroglobulin, and ablation failure were stronger risk factors than the pathological N stage for long term recurrence in patients with node-positive PTC.

Pathological N1b Node Metastasis Itself Can Be Still a Valid Prognostic Factor in PTC after High Dose RAI Therapy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether pathologically proven central or lateral lymph node (LN) metastasis (pN1a or pN1b) could affect ablation success and recurrence after high-dose radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation. We also sought to identify the risk factors for long-term recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 277 patients with pN1 disease who had undergone high-dose RAI ablation (5.55 GBq) between 2000 and 2006 were included in this retrospective study. We compared the ablation success rate and the recurrence rate between patients with pN1a and pN1b disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for recurrence. RESULTS: The median duration of follow-up was 10.2 years. The overall ablation success rate was 64%, and the ablation success rate in the pN1b group (49%) was lower than in the pN1a group (74%). The overall recurrence rate was 23%, and the recurrence rate in the pN1b group (30%) was higher than in pN1a group (18%). A higher ratio of metastatic LNs, a higher level of pre-ablation thyroglobulin, and ablation failure were significant risk factors for recurrence by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Patients with pN1b disease experienced a lower ablation success rate and a higher recurrence rate than patients with pN1a disease. However, a higher ratio of metastatic LNs, a higher level of pre-ablation thyroglobulin, and ablation failure were stronger risk factors than the pathological N stage for long term recurrence in patients with node-positive PTC.