Application of case-based study combined with traditional lecture in the course of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Sciences / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of the course of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Sciences in the Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Sun Yat-sen University. Methods:Twenty-four undergraduate students in Batch 2016 of Medical Laboratory Faculty were divided into small groups (4-6 students per group). They learned each case in groups before class. In the first session of each class, the case-based study (CBS) tutor would randomly assign case-related questions to the students. Students were required to present their answers in class. The CBS tutor would guide the students to discuss the case further. In the second session, a lecture associated with the case would be given by a special subject lecturer. After the course, students, tutors and lecturers were given questionnaires and were randomly interviewed to comprehensively understand the course's effectiveness. SPSS 19.0 was used for statistics.Results:Most case discussion tutors agreed that they could guide students to discuss clinical cases well in class and give comments according to students' presentations (93.75%, 15/16). Most of the lecturers agreed that they could well guide students to think about the relationship between laboratory and clinical diagnosis and treatment in class (91.67%, 11/12). Both teachers and students had very positive evaluations of the learning mode, learning content, inspiration to students, and teachers' ability of this course. All the teachers and students agreed that the learning mode of combining CBS with special subject lecture was more helpful for the students to systematically learn medical knowledge compared with a CBS session alone or a lecture alone.Conclusion:The course, Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Sciences, which combines the CBS with the traditional lecture mode, integrates the advantages of the two learning modes. It not only stimulates students' enthusiasm for active learning, deepens clinical knowledge memory, and builds a clinical thinking model, but also enriches the teaching modes of medical laboratory education.

Clinical features of intestinal polyps and risk factors for secondary intussusception in children: an analysis of 2 669 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features of intestinal polyps and the risk factors for secondary intussusception in children.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for the medical data of 2 669 children with intestinal polyps. According to the presence or absence of secondary intussusception, they were divided into two groups: intussusception (n=346) and non-intussusception (n=2 323). Related medical data were compared between the two groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*RESULTS@#Among the children with intestinal polyps, 62.42% were preschool children, and the male/female ratio was 2.08∶1; 92.66% had hematochezia as disease onset, and 94.34% had left colonic polyps and rectal polyps. There were 346 cases of secondary intussusception, with an incidence rate of 12.96% (346/2 669). Large polyps (OR=1.644, P<0.001), multiple polyps (≥2) (OR=6.034, P<0.001), and lobulated polyps (OR=93.801, P<0.001) were the risk factors for secondary intussusception.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intestinal polyps in children often occur in preschool age, mostly in boys, and most of the children have hematochezia as disease onset, with the predilection sites of the left colon and the rectum. Larger polyps, multiple polyps, and lobulated polyps may increase the risk of secondary intussusception, and endoscopic intervention is needed as early as possible to improve prognosis.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 hosted in Ceriops tagal / 中国中药杂志

Nine secondary metabolites(S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylchroman-2-one(1), 4-methoxynaphthalene-1,5-diol(2), 8-methoxynaphthalene-1,7-diol(3), 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene(4),(2R,4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol(5),(2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol(6), 7-O-α-D-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one(7),(R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one(8) and helicascolide A(9) were isolated from endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 by using column chromatographies of silica gel and ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were analyzed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data, especially NMR and MS. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by examining the inhibitory activities on nitric oxide(NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 2-4 showed inhibitory activities.

Research progress and applications of gene editing technology CRISPR/Cas in zebrafish / 生物工程学报

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are acquired immune system in bacteria and archaea. This system is used in site-directed gene editing. Recently, scientists discovered new CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, in which Cas12a-mediated gene editing can significantly reduce the off-target rate. In this article, we review CRISPR/Cas system's discovery of history, composition, classification, and working principle. The latest research progress of the CRISPR/Cas system, and its application in zebrafish are introduced.

Effect of glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition on the apoptosis of colonic mucosal cells in young rats with inflammatory bowl disease / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition in regulating the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal cells and promoting mucosal healing in young rats with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD).@*METHODS@#A total of 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-5 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control, IBD model, short peptide, and short peptide+glutamine (n=20 each). The IBD model was prepared by a single colon perfusion of 3-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid. At 3 days after modeling, the rats in the short peptide group were fed with short peptide formula (100 mL/kg), and those in the short peptide+glutamine group were fed with short peptide formula (100 mL/kg) and glutamine (0.5 g/kg). The course of intervention was 1 week. General conditions were observed after the experiment and their intestinal mucosal tissue was obtained. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological change of the intestinal mucosa. RT-PCR was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes (bax and bc1-2) and apoptotic signal transduction factors (Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) in the intestinal mucosa. Western blot was used to measure the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the colonic mucosa.@*RESULTS@#The IBD model group had poorer general conditions than the other three groups (blank control, short peptide and short peptide+glutamine), and the short peptide+glutamine group had better general conditions than the IBD model and short peptide groups. The IBD model group had significantly higher mRNA expression of bax than the other three groups (P0.05). The short peptide group had a significantly higher level of IGF-1 than the short peptide+glutamine, blank control and IBD model groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Glutamine-supplemented enteral nutrition can effectively improve the general nutritional status of young rats with IBD, but it is not better than exclusive enteral nutrition in inhibiting the apoptosis of colonic mucosal cells and stimulating the synthesis of IGF-1 in the intestinal mucosa.

Detection of Immune Cell Subsets of Peripheral Blood in Hepatocellular Carcinoma before Liver Transplantation / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of immunophenotypes in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) before liver transplantation.[Methods]The immunophenotypes of T-,B- cells,monocytes,dendritic cells(DC)and NK-cells in peripheral blood from 6 HCC patient who were ready to have liver transplantation and 6 healthy volunteers were analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry.[Results]In the patients,the proportions of CD4+PD-1+T cells,Treg cell (CD4+CD25+CD39+T cells),CD19+B cells,Plasmablasts(CD27highCD38highIgD-IgM-),classical monocytes(CD14high CD16-)and mature NK-cells(CD3-CD56high)were all higher than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05).However, marginal zone B cell(CD27+IgD+),Non-switched B cells(CD27+CD38dimIgM+),intermediate monocytes(CD14high CD16+)and immature NK-cells(CD3-CD56+)were lower than those in the healthy controls(all P<0.05). And there wasn't any obvious difference in quantity being observed among other cell types.[Conclusion]There was difference in the immunophenotypes of immune cells in peripheral blood between HCC patients before liver transplantation and healthy people.And this finding exerts important effects on monitoring the immune status of the patients after liver transplantation and guiding the administrations of immunosuppressors.

Changes in FoxO1 expression of MC3T3-E1 cells during continuous tensile stress induced osteogenic differentiation / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of continuous tensile stress on expression of Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro during osteogenic differentiation, and explore the role of FoxO1 in the mechanism of continuous tensile stress induced-osteogenic differentiation. Methods MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded and applied with tensile stress at the frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 10% by FX-4000TTM mechanical loading system. MC3T3-E1 cells were divided into control, 1 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h group, respectively, according to the time subjected to the tensile stress. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the effects of continuous tensile stress on osteogenesis ability of MC3T3-E1 cells, mRNA and protein expression of FoxO1, and allocation of FoxO1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. Results (1) Continuous tensile stress could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of ALP increased significantly at 24 h, 48 h, and the mRNA expression level of osteocalcin (OCN) reached the peak value at 72 h, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. The mRNA expression of runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) significantly increased at 4 h as compared to the control group, and Runx2 protein level changed accordingly. The ALP staining results of the stress group and control group were significantly different. (2) Continuous tensile stress could increase mRNA and protein expression of FoxO1. The mRNA expression of FoxO1 markedly increased at 24 h, and its protein expression significantly elevated at 12 h. (3) FoxO1 was expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm at 6 h, and then significantly increased in the cytoplasmat at 24 h. Conclusions 10% continuous tensile stress can stimulate the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, up-regulate the mRNA and protein expression of FoxO1 and change the allocation of FoxO1 in MC3T3-E1 cells. The investigation on the change rules of FoxO1 expression and allocation under mechanical stimulation will provide the experimental basis for studying the role of FoxO1 in mechanical stimulation.

Correlation study on Chinese medical syndrome types of chronic hepatitis B patients and HLA-DR13 gene, BCP mutation, and T-lymphocyte subsets / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between the HLA-DR13, basic core promoter (BCP), changes of T lymphocyte subset and clinical Chinese medical syndromes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 102 CHB patients were syndrome typed as Gan depression Pi deficiency syndrome (GDPDS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS), Gan-gallbladder dampness heat syndrome (GGDHS), Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYDS), and static blood blocking collaterals syndrome (SBBCS). Besides, 30 healthy subjects were recruited as the normal control group. The blood HBV-DNA level and HLA-DR13 gene were detected with real time fluorescent PCR. The expression of CD4+ and CD8+ in T lymphocytes was detected using flow cytometry. The mutation of serum A1762T/G1764A was detected using PCR sequencing. Hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) was detected with ELISA, and correlation between various Chinese medical syndrome types and objective indicators were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in HBV-DNA quantitative results among various syndrome types (P > 0.05). HBeAg positive rate was higher in GDPDS than in other syndrome types (P < 0.05). It was sequenced as GDPDS > GSYDS > SBBCS > GGDHS > PSYDS. Compared with the normal control group, percentages of CD3+ and CD3+ CD4+ were lower in PSYDS (P < 0.05). The ratio of CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8 was lower in GGDHS and PSYDS than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the CD3+ CD8+ percentage among various syndrome types (P > 0.05). The quantitation of HLA-DR13 gene was lower in GDPDS and GSYDS than in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The positive rate of BCP mutation was higher in GSYDS than in other syndrome types (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Co-detection results of HLA-DR13 and BCP could be used as reference indices of Chinese medical syndrome typing of CHB.</p>

Clinical effect of triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children in terms of Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of Hp infection. These patients were randomized into triple therapy (n=120) and probiotics groups (n=120). The triple therapy group received amoxicillin [40 mg/(kg·d), Tid], clarithromycin [15 mg/(kg·d), Bid] and omeprazole [0.7-0.8 mg/(kg·d), Qd], while the probiotics group received Saccharomyces boulardii (250 mg, Bid) in addition to triple therapy. The course of treatment was 14 days in both groups. The adverse events in subjects were recorded by their parents during treatment. Hp eradiation was evaluated by (13)C breath test at 4 weeks after treatment, and the eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Hp eradication rates were 75.8% (91/120) in the triple therapy group and 85% (102/120) in the probiotics group (P>0.05). Compared with the triple therapy group, the probiotics group had nonsignificantly lower incidence of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (P>0.05) and significantly lower incidence of stomatitis, constipation and diarrhea (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii cannot significantly increase Hp eradication rate, but can significantly reduce the incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea during treatment.</p>

Analysis of pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of 7 534 clinical samples / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of 7 534 clinical samples ,so as to provide a ba-sis for rational use of antimicrobial drugs in clinical .Methods The pathogens isolated from 7 534 clinical samples were counted and their drug resistance rates were analyzed by retrospective survey method .Results The positive rates of Gram positive coccus ,Gram negative bacillus and fungi were 14 .02% ,52 .98% ,and 7 .57% respectively .The drug resistance rates of pathogens were increas-ing .Conclusion Improving the accuracy of detection and standardizing the application of antibacterials would be helpful to reduce the generation of bacterial drug resistance .

Study on transdifferentiation-acquiring tissue stem cell potency during renal tubular epithelial cells inflammatory damage / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To study the potency of transdifferentiated renal tubular epithelial cells for acquiring the tissue stem cells during renal fibrosis.Methods The in vitro cellular model of renal tubular epithelial cells(NRK-52E)transdifferentiation under the inflammatory environment of the local renin-angiotensin (AngⅡ)system was established.The expression and change situation of the embryonic kidney developmental gene Pax2 and the tissue stem cell surface marker CD133 were observed.Results Local high concentration of AngⅡcould stimulate the NRK-52E cells to express Pax2 and CD133 molecule,its effect demonstrated the dose-and time-dependent relation.Conclusion The inflammatory damage leads to the transdifferentiated renal tubular epithelial cells po-tency to acquire the tissue stem cell.

Clinical application of single-balloon enteroscopy in children with small intestinal bleeding / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of single-balloon electronic enteroscopy in children with small intestinal bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy children with clinically suspected small intestinal bleeding, including 38 males and 32 females aged 4-13 years, underwent single-balloon enteroscopy under general anesthesia. Twenty-six cases underwent the procedure through the mouth, 32 cases through the anus, and 12 cases through both.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 70 children, 58 (83%) had small bowel disease according to the single-balloon enteroscopy results, including 24 cases of non-specific inflammation, 12 cases of allergic purpura, 8 cases of Crohn's disease, 8 cases of Meckel's diverticulum, and 6 cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Single-balloon enteroscopy is a safe, effective means for the diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding among children.</p>

Correlation of CD19 positive cell counts in bone marrow with therapeutic efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to analyze the correlation of CD19 positive cell counts in bone marrow of multiple myeloma(MM) patients with therapeutic efficacy and investigate the characteristics of CD19 cell change in MM bone marrow. The CD19(+) and CD38(++)CD45(-), CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+) cells in bone marrow of 63 MM patients were detected by flow cytometry. The difference of CD19(+), CD38(++)CD45(-), CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+) cell counts at different stages and types, as well as their relation with results of 4 course of VADM or VD chemotherapy were analyzed. The results showed that in 63 MM patients, CD19(+) cell ratio at stage II were higher than those at stage III; CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+) cell ratio at stage II were lower than those at stage III; CD19(+) cell ratio in type IgA were higher than those in type IgD; the CD38(++)CD45(-), CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+) cell counts in type IgA were obviously lower than those in type IgG, IgD and light chain which showed a negative correlation between cell counts of CD19(+) against CD38(++)CD45(-), CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+). CD19(+) cell counts in effective treatment group of all 43 patients and the effective treatment group with VD were both higher than those in the ineffective treatment group; CD38(++)CD45(-) cell counts in effective treatment group with VD was obviously lower than those in ineffective treatment group, and CD38(++)CD45(-), CD38(++)CD45(-)CD56(+) in effective treatment group of all 43 patients were lower than those in ineffective treatment group. It is concluded that CD19(+) cell counts in bone marrow may be related to disease status and development stage of MM, which may be useful to predict treatment efficacy and prognosis.

Repairing burn scar contracture of chin and neck with cervico-scapulo-dorsal reverse axial flap in children / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore an effective method in reconstructing of burn scar contracture of the chin and neck in children. Methods The blood in the transverse cervical artery might flow reverse into the suprascapular artery and the posterior intercostals perforators through anastomic branches. An axial skin flap in the cervico-scapulo-dorsal area could be adequately supplied by this artery, and we had therefore used this flap to repair burn scar in the neck. Results 30 cases obtained satisfactory clinical results with this flap. The follow-up for two years in 18 patients showed that the neck of the patients moved about freely, and the develpment of the chin was not influenced, and the color of flaps was fine. Conclusion The blood supply of the flap is reliable and stable. So it is a very useful method in reconstructing the burn scar of the chin-neck in children.