Forensic Validation and Application Evaluation of IDentifier DNA Typing Kit (Yan-Huang34) / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the technical performance of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) and evaluate its forensic application value.@*METHODS@#Following the Criterion of Forensic Science Human Fluorescence STR Multiplex Amplification Reagent (GB/T 37226-2018), IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was verified in 11 aspects of species specificity, veracity, sensibility, adaptability, inhibitor tolerance, consistency, balance, reaction condition verification, mixed samples, stability and inter batch consistency. The system efficiency of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was compared with the PowerPlex® Fusion 6C System, VersaPlex® 27PY System and VeriFilerTM Plus PCR Amplification Kit. The IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was used to detect the swabs of biological samples in daily cases and the STR performances were observed.@*RESULTS@#IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) had good species specificity, veracity, adaptability, inhibitor tolerance and balance. The sensibility was up to 0.062 5 ng. It was able to detect different types of samples, degraded samples and inhibitor mixed samples. Complete DNA typing could be obtained for samples with the mixture ratio less than 4∶1. The system efficiency of IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) was very high, with TDP up to 1-1.08×10-37, CPEtrio and CPEduo up to 1-5.47×10-14 and 1-6.43×10-9, respectively. For the touched biological samples in actual cases, the effective detection rate was 21.05%. The system efficiency of kinship, single parent and full sibling identifications was effectively improved.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The IDentifier DNA typing kit (YanHuang34) is adaptive to the GB/T 37226-2018 requirements. It can be used for individual identification and paternity identification, and is suitable for application in the field of forensic science.

nNOS and Neurological, Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A 20-Year Story / 神经科学通报·英文版

In the central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO), a free gas with multitudinous bioactivities, is mainly produced from the oxidation of L-arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the past 20 years, the studies in our group and other laboratories have suggested a significant involvement of nNOS in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, the interactions between the PDZ domain of nNOS and its adaptor proteins, including post-synaptic density 95, the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS, and the serotonin transporter, significantly influence the subcellular localization and functions of nNOS in the brain. The nNOS-mediated protein-protein interactions provide new attractive targets and guide the discovery of therapeutic drugs for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the work on the roles of nNOS and its association with multiple adaptor proteins on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Effect of community management based on Roy′s adaptation model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To determine the effect of community management based on the Roy′s adaptation model (RAM) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:This study was a cluster randomized controlled study, with the community as the cluster unit, and selected 805 COPD patients from 8 communities in Xuzhou City who had completed community registration before June 2019. A total of 735 patients actually completed follow-up and participated in intervention evaluation. They were randomly divided into control group (362 cases) and intervention group (373 cases) by random number table method. The control group received routine follow-up, while the intervention group received RAM intervention for 6 months. The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced volume vital capacity (FVC) ratio (FEV 1/FVC) and the modified British medical research council (mMRC) were used to assess the pulmonary function. The hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADS) were used to evaluate the mental health. The Chinese version of the Short Form Coping and Adaption Processing Scale (CAP-15) was used to assess the adaptive capacity. And the St. George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to evaluate the quality of life in COPD patients. The t test or χ 2 test was used for pre-intervention comparisons between groups, and the repetitive measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for post-intervention comparisons between groups. Results:After 6 months intervention, there were no significant differences in FEV 1/FVC radio between the two groups [(0.61±0.11) vs (0.62±0.12)] ( P=0.172). The scores of mMRC [(2.04±0.33) vs (2.77±0.31) points], HAD-A [(5.28±4.28) vs (6.99±4.41) points], HAD-D [(5.82±5.12) vs (7.27±4.93) points] and SGRQ [(40.17±9.30) vs (53.69±9.77) points] were all lower in the intervention group than those in the control group (all P<0.001). The CAPS-15 score was higher in the intervention group than that in the control group [(35.87±3.62) vs (26.1±3.47)] ( P<0.001). Conclusion:RAM could be used in community management of COPD patients, which could improve their dyspnea symptoms and psychological and physiological functions, also improve their adaptability and quality of life.

Distribution and type characteristics of HPV infection of women in Shiyan , Hubei Region / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the distribution and type characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women in Shiyan, Hubei region, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of HPV infection. Methods From January 2019 to December 2020, a sample of 3,180 women in XX region who had sexual intercourse experience were randomly selected, and their HPV genotypes were tested using flow-through hybridization, then the distribution characteristics and types of HPV infection in women of different ages were observed. Results Among of 3 180 patients, HPV infection was predominant in women aged 31-50 years , with 25.85% (822/3 180) aged 31-40 years and 22.08% (702/3,180) aged 41-50 years. HPV infection was the least prevalent in the ≤25 and >60 years age groups, with 428 cases and 289 cases respectively. HPV infection occurred in 1 310 out of 3 180 women , with a positive infection rate of 41.19% (1 310/3 180). HPV infection was most prevalent in the ≤25 years and ≥60 years age groups, accounting for 56.78% and 67.13% respectively. Single infection was the main infection type in all age groups, accounting for 76.03%. Twenty-one HPV genetic subtypes were detected in the subjects, out of a total of 1 918 strains of the virus. The main high-risk subtypes for single infection were HPV16, HPV52 and HPV58, accounting for 13.92%, 13.87% and 12.57% respectively, followed by HPV53 and HPV33, accounting for 7.61% and 5.58% respectively. The predominant low-risk subtypes for single infection were HPV11, HPV8 and HPV6, with accounting for 7.51%, 5.47% and 5.01% respectively. Conclusion HPV infection in women in Shiyan, Hubei region is predominantly in the ≤25 and ≥60 years age groups, and early clinical screening and preventive measures such as vaccination for high-risk HPV typing are of vital importance.

Hippocampus: Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Features in Anxiety / 神经科学通报·英文版

Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.

A new bibenzyl derivative from stems of Dendrobium officinale / 中国中药杂志

Eleven compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the stems of Dendrobium officinale after water extraction by various modern chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel column chromatography(CC), octadecyl-silica(ODS) CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLC) and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to spectroscopic analyses(MS, 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR) combined with optical rotation data and calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD), their structures were identified as dendrocandin Y(1), 4,4'-dihydroxybibenzyl(2), 3-hydroxy-4',5-dimethoxybibenzyl(3), 3,3'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl(4), 3-hydroxy-3',4',5-trimethoxybibenzyl(5), crepidatin(6), alternariol(7), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone(8), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxypropiophenone(9), auriculatum A(10) and hyperalcohol(11). Among them, compound 1 was a new bibenzyl derivative; compounds 2 and 7-11 have not been previously reported from Dendrobium plants; compound 6 was reported from D.officinale for the first time. Compounds 3-6 exhibited potent antioxidant activity with IC_(50) values of 3.11-9.05 μmol·L~(-1) in ABTS radical scavenging assay. Compound 4 showed significant inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase, with IC_(50) value of 17.42 μmol·L~(-1), indicating that it boasted hypoglycemic activity.

Serum Uric Acid Level and Its Influencing Factors in Patients with Diabetes Insipidus / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the level of serum uric acid in patients with diabetes insipidus (DI),summarize the clinical characteristics of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) patients with hyperuricemia (HUA),and analyze the factors affecting the level of serum uric acid in the patients with CDI. Methods The clinical data of DI patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were assigned into a child and adolescent group (≤ 18 years old) and an adult group (>18 years old) according to their ages.The demographic and biochemical data between two groups of patients with and without HUA were compared.Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the correlations between serum uric acid level and other factors. Results Among the 420 DI patients,411 patients had CDI (97.9%),including 189 patients with HUA (46.0%).Thirteen (6.9%) out of the 189 CDI patients with HUA presented the disappearance of thirst.The prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults (χ2=4.193,P=0.041).The level of serum uric acid in the CDI patients with HUA and disappearance of thirst was higher than those without disappearance of thirst (U=2.593,P=0.010).The multiple linear regression predicted serum creatinine (β=0.472,95%CI=2.451-4.381,P<0.001) and body mass index (β=0.387,95%CI=6.18-12.874,P<0.001) as the independent risk factors of serum uric acid level increment in children and adolescents,while serum creatinine (β=0.361,95%CI=1.016-1.785,P<0.001),body mass index (β=0.208,95%CI=2.321-6.702,P<0.001),triglyceride (β=0.268,95%CI=12.936-28.840,P<0.001),and total cholesterol (β=0.129,95%CI=2.708-22.250,P=0.013) were the independent risk factors in adults. Conclusions The patients with CDI were more likely to have HUA,and the prevalence of HUA in children and adolescents was higher than that in adults.Body mass index,serum creatinine,triglyceride,total cholesterol,and disappearance of thirst were the risk factors for the increased level of serum uric acid in CDI patients.

Establishment and preliminary application of quantitative real-time PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To establish a rapid and specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic nucleocapsid RNA (SgN) in patients with COVID-19 or environmental samples. Methods: The qPCR assay was established by designing specific primers and TaqMan probe based on the SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence in Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database. The reaction conditions were optimized by using different annealing temperature, different primers and probe concentrations and the standard curve was established. Further, the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability were also assessed. The established SgN and genomic RNA (gRNA) qPCR assays were both applied to detect 21 environmental samples and 351 clinical samples containing 48 recovered patients. In the specimens with both positive gRNA and positive SgN, 25 specimens were inoculated on cells. Results: The primers and probes of SgN had good specificity for SARS-CoV-2. The minimum detection limit of the preliminarily established qPCR detection method for SgN was 1.5×102 copies/ml, with a coefficient of variation less than 1%. The positive rate of gRNA in 372 samples was 97.04% (361/372). The positive rates of SgN in positive environmental samples and positive clinical samples were 36.84% (7/19) and 49.42% (169/342), respectively. The positive rate and copy number of SgN in Wild strain were lower than those of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain. Among the 25 SgN positive samples, 12 samples within 5 days of sampling time were all isolated with virus; 13 samples sampled for more than 12 days had no cytopathic effect. Conclusion: A qPCR method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 SgN has been successfully established. The sensitivity, specificity and repeatability of this method are good.

Heterocyclic compounds and phenolic glycosides from flowers of Dendrobium officinale / 中国中药杂志

Eight heterocyclic compounds and twelve phenolic glycosides were separated from the water extract of Dendrobium officinale flowers through chromatographic techniques, such as Diaion HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography(CC), silica gel CC, ODS CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC, and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(PHPLC). According to the spectroscopic analyses(MS, ~1H-NMR, and ~(13)C-NMR) and optical rotation data, the compounds were identified as dendrofurfural A(1), 2'-deoxyadenosine(2), 4-[2-formyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl] butanoic acid(3), 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl] butanoic acid(4), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde(5), 5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde(6), methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)-furan-2-carboxylate(7),(S)-5-hydroxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one(8), 2-methoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), arbutin(10), isotachioside(11), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12), orcinol glucoside(13), tachioside(14), gastrodin(15), 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylvanillyl alcohol(16), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(17), icariside D_2(18), 4-formylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(19), and vanillin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(20). Among them, compound 1 is a new furfural benzyl alcohol condensate, with the skeleton first found in Dendrobium. Compounds 2-9, 11, 13, and 19 are reported from Dendrobium for the first time, and compounds 14 and 18 are reported for the first time from D. officinale. Compounds 11 and 14 showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and compounds 11-14 demonstrated potent ABTS radical scavenging capacity, possessing antioxidant activity.

Association Between Plasma Homocysteine Level and Hyperuricemia in Elderly Patients With Hypertension / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the association between plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level and hyper-uricemia (HUA) in the elderly patients with hypertension.Methods From March to August in 2018,9902 hypertensive patients ≥ 60 years were routinely tested for blood biochemical indicators in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province.The patients were assigned into a HUA group and a normal uric acid group.Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the relationship between Hcy level and the risk of HUA.Results Compared with the normal uric acid group,the HUA group showed increased incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia (99.9% vs.98.7%,P<0.001) and elevated Hcy level[16.8 (13.8-21.5) μmol/L vs.14.4 (12.3-17.7) μmol/L,P<0.001].The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for influencing factors,the risk of HUA in the patients with hyperhomocysteinemia was 2.92 times of that in the patients with a normal Hcy level.The threshold effect analysis showed that the Hcy level was positively correlated with the occurrence of HUA in the case of Hcy<20 μmol/L (OR=1.05,95%CI=1.04-1.07,P<0.001).In the case of Hcy ≥ 20 μmol/L,there was no correlation between Hcy level and HUA (OR=1.00,95%CI=0.99-1.00,P=0.055),and the likelihood ratio test showed statistically significant results (P<0.001).Conclusion The elderly with hypertension should pay attention to control the Hcy level,which will be helpful to prevent the occurrence of HUA.

Relationship of Cognitive Function With Menarche Age,Menopause Age, and Reproductive Period in Female Patients With Hypertension / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the relationship of menarche age,menopause age,and reproductive period with cognitive function in the female patients with hypertension.Methods Hypertension screening was carried out in Wuyuan county of Jiangxi province from July to August in 2018.Data were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire survey,physical measurement,and biochemical tests.The cognitive function was scored according to the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scale.Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were employed to analyze the effects of menarche age,menopause age,and reproductive period on cognitive function,and the penalized spline regression to fit the curves.Results A total of 4595 postmenopausal women with hypertension were included in the analysis,with the mean age of(65.1±8.4)years,mean menarche age of(16.6±2.2)years,mean menopause age of(48.2±5.0)years,mean reproductive period of(31.7±5.5)years,mean MMSE score of(19.0±6.3)points,and total cognitive impairment detection rate of 40.4%(1859/4595).The detection rates of cognitive impairment were 28.4%,39.1%,and 45.8% in the females with the menarche ages of <15,15-16,and ≥17 years,47.9%,39.7%,and 38.3% in the females with the menopausal ages of <45,45-49,and ≥50 years,and 56.0%,44.4%,40.6%,and 32.6% in the females with the reproductive periods of <25,25-29,30-34,and ≥35 years,respectively.Moreover,the detection rates of cognitive impairment among different age groups were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Compared with the group with the menarche age <15 years,the groups with the menarche ages of 15-16 years and ≥17 years showed increased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=1.45,95%CI=1.19-1.75,P<0.001;OR=1.65,95%CI=1.37-1.98,P<0.001).Compared with the group with the menopausal age <45 years,the groups with the menopausal ages of 45-49 years and ≥50 years showed decreased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.66-0.95,P=0.013;OR=0.78,95%CI=0.65-0.93,P<0.001).Compared with the group with the reproductive period <25 years,the groups with the reproductive periods of 25-29,30-34,and ≥35 years showed decreased detection rates of cognitive impairment(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.52-0.84,P<0.001;OR=0.62,95%CI=0.50-0.76,P<0.001;OR=0.51,95%CI=0.41-0.63,P<0.001).Conclusion The detection rate of cognitive impairment had a positive correlation with menarche age and negative correlations with menopause age and reproductive period in the female patients with hypertension.

Schisandrin B Improves the Hypothermic Preservation of Celsior Solution in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

BACKGROUND@#Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have emerged as promising therapy for immune and inflammatory diseases. However, how to maintain the activity and unique properties during cold storage and transportation is one of the key factors affecting the therapeutic efficiency of hUCMSCs. Schisandrin B (SchB) has many functions in cell protection as a natural medicine. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SchB on the hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs. @*METHODS@#hUCMSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly. Subsequently, hUCMSCs were exposed to cold storage (4 °C) and 24-h re-warming. After that, cells viability, surface markers, immunomodulatory effects, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial integrity, apoptosis-related and antioxidant proteins expression level were evaluated. @*RESULTS@#SchB significantly alleviated the cells injury and maintained unique properties such as differentiation potential, level of surface markers and immunomodulatory effects of hUCMSCs. The protective effects of SchB on hUCMSCs after hypothermic storage seemed associated with its inhibition of apoptosis and the anti-oxidative stress effect mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 signaling. @*CONCLUSION@#These results demonstrate SchB could be used as an agent for hypothermic preservation of hUCMSCs.

Clinicopathological features and prognosis of breast cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 low expression / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#There is an increasing interest in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low expression breast cancer with the result of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates for breast cancer. HER2 low expression breast cancer is expected to become a new type of breast cancer. This study analyzed and compared the clinicopathological features and survival data of breast cancer with HER2 low expression group [immunohistochemistry (IHC) 1+ or IHC 2+, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) negative] and HER2 zero expression group (IHC 0), in order to explore the difference in clinical biology of HER2 low expression breast cancers.@*METHODS@#Among 1 250 female patients with primary non-metastatic breast cancer admitted to the Breast Disease Center of Peking University First Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017, 969 cases were HER2 negative (IHC 0, 1+, 2+, and FISH was not amplified). The clinicopathologic features and prognosis of the patients with HER2 low expression (IHC 1+ or 2+, and unamplified by FISH) and HER2 zero expression (IHC 0) were analyzed. Disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated, survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier curve, and survival differences were compared by Log-rank test. Cox regression analysis of univariate and multivariate prognostic factors. Bilateral test was used, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.@*RESULTS@#In the 969 patients with HER2 negative breast cancer, 606 had HER2 low expression (62.54%) and 363 had HER2 zero expression (37.46%). Compared with breast cancer with HER2 zero expression, those with HER2 low expression had higher N stage (P=0.001) and TNM stage (P=0.044), the proportion of non-specific histological types was higher (82.7% vs. 79.1%, P=0.009), the histological grade was higher (P=0.048), and the positive rate of hormone receptor was higher (83.2% vs. 75.2%, P=0.003). The percentage of Ki-67 value index >30% was lower (30.4% vs. 36.6%, P=0.044). There was no significant difference in DFS and OS between the two groups (P>0.05). In the 969 cases, 777 were hormone receptor positive and 192 were hormone receptor negative (triple negative cancer). Among the 777 cases with hormone receptor positive, 504 (64.9%) were HER2 low expression, and 273 (35.1%) were HER2 zero expression. Compared with breast cancer with HER2 zero expression group, the HER2 low expression group had a younger age (P=0.016), a higher proportion of premenopausal patients (P=0.029), more lymph node involvement (P=0.002), and a higher total TNM stage (P=0.031), and less frequent histological types of lobular and mucinous carcinoma (3.6% vs. 7.3%, 4.8% vs. 10.6%, P=0.001). There was no difference in DFS and OS between HER2 low expression and zero expression (P>0.05). Among 192 patients with hormone receptor negative, there were 102 cases (53.1%) with HER2 low expression and 90 cases (46.9%) with HER2 zero expression. Compared with the HER2 zero expression groups, HER2 low expression group was older (P=0.001), the proportion of premenopausal patients was low (P=0.029), the histological grade was lower (P < 0.001), the Ki-67 value index was lower (P < 0.001), and androgen receptor positive rate was higher (58.8% vs. 34.4%, P < 0.001). DFS was better than HER2 zero expression group (P=0.038), but there was no difference in OS between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#HER2 low expression breast cancer accounts for about half of all breast cancers, and the incidence is much higher than that of HER2 positive breast cancer. Its clinicopathologic features are heterogeneous, and the status of hormone receptor expression has an impact on the clinical biology of this group.

Clinical treatment and observation of the endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus cereus / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the clinical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of traumatic endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus cereus and discuss the early diagnosis and treatment measures.METHODS: The data of 15 patients(15 eyes)with Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis admitted to the Eye Trauma Center of Shaanxi Provincial Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were collected. The injury time, injury condition, preoperative visual acuity, corrected visual acuity in the last follow-up, operation method, bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test results were recorded.RESULTS: Among the 15 patients(15 eyes), 5 eyes with simple corneal perforating wound were treated with wound debridement and suture combined with intraocular antibiotic injection. And another 10 eyes with penetrating injuries combined with traumatic cataract and intraocular foreign bodies were treated with debridement, cataract extraction, removal of intraocular foreign bodies, vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade and intraocular antibiotic injection. Among the 15 patients, 11 patients(73%)were treated effectively and the eyeball was preserved, and 4 patients(27%)were treated ineffectively and ocular evisceration was performed. Among the 11 patients with eyeball retention, 1(9%)had decreased vision, 1(9%)had unchanged vision, 4(36%)had improved vision by 1 level, and 5(45%)had improved vision by 2 levels, and the postoperative visual acuity was significantly improved. Correlation analysis showed that the course of disease was negatively correlated with corrected visual acuity(rs=-0.762, P=0.001). The cultures of vitreous humor and aqueous humor samples of patients were all grown in Bacillus cereus, and susceptibility tests were sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS: Vancomycin is an effective drug for the treatment of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. Vitrectomy combined with silicone oil tamponade and intravitreal injection of vancomycin are effective method for the treatment of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.

nNOS and Neurological, Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A 20-Year Story / 神经科学通报·英文版

In the central nervous system, nitric oxide (NO), a free gas with multitudinous bioactivities, is mainly produced from the oxidation of L-arginine by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the past 20 years, the studies in our group and other laboratories have suggested a significant involvement of nNOS in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, the interactions between the PDZ domain of nNOS and its adaptor proteins, including post-synaptic density 95, the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS, and the serotonin transporter, significantly influence the subcellular localization and functions of nNOS in the brain. The nNOS-mediated protein-protein interactions provide new attractive targets and guide the discovery of therapeutic drugs for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the work on the roles of nNOS and its association with multiple adaptor proteins on neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

The Characteristics of T Lymphocyte Reconstitution after Haploid Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in SAA and Its Relationship with aGVHD / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the recovery characteristics of T cell subsets in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who received haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) and its relationship with acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 29 SAA patients who received haploid hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the department of hematology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2018 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The absolute counts of CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+T/CD8+T lymphocytes in all patients before transplantation, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplantation were analyzed. The proportion of T lymphocytes was compared in the non-aGVHD group, the grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ aGVHD group and the grade III-IV aGVHD group.@*RESULTS@#The counts of all T cells in 27 patients were far below the normal level at 14 and 21 days after transplantation, but there was obvious heterogeneity. There was a certain relationship between T cell immune reconstitution and conditioning regimen, age, and immunosuppressive treatment before transplantation. CD3+T cells showed a steady upward trend at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after transplantation, and returned to the normal levels at 120 days after transplantation; faster recovery of CD4+T cells was closely related to aGVHD, which was at 30, 60, 90, 120 days after transplantation showed a slow upward trend, and which was still far below the normal level of 120 days after transplantation. CD8+T cell counts began to recover at 14 and 21 days after transplantation, and the recovery was earlier than the CD4+T cells, and its recovery speed was rapid 30 and 60 days after transptantation, which showed an upward trend and exceeded the normal levels 90 days after transplantation. Since CD8+ T cells reconstituted quickly, while the CD4+ T cells reconstitution was slowly, which made the long-term CD4+T/CD8+T cell ratio after transplantation was inverted . Compared with the non-aGVHD group, the absolute counts of CD3+T, CD4+T, and CD8+T cells in the aGVHD group were significantly higher than those in the non-aGVHD group at each time period after transplantation. In the aGVHD group, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD occurred more frequently in the early post-transplantation period (within 14-21 days), the grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ aGVHD group mostly occurred within 30-90 days after transplantation, and CD3+T, CD4+T, CD8+T cell counts in the grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ aGVHD group were significantly higher than those in the grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ aGVHD group; and the greater the proportion of CD4+T, the more severe the degree of aGVHD.@*CONCLUSION@#The speed of T cell immune reconstitution after SAA haploid transplantation is different, which is related to the conditioning regimen, age, and immunosuppressive therapy before transplantation. The rapid recovery of CD4+ T cells is closely related to the occurrence of aGVHD.

Associations Between Insulin Resistance Indexes and Hyperuricemia in Hypertensive Population / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) indexes and hyperuricemia (HUA) among the people with hypertension. Methods From July to August in 2018,hypertension screening was carried out in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province,and the data were collected through questionnaire survey,physical measurement,and biochemical test.Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between HUA and IR indexes including metabolic score for IR (METS-IR),triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index,TyG-body mass index (BMI),TyG-waist circumference (WC),visceral adiposity index (VAI),triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and lipid accumulation product (LAP).The penalty spline method was used for the curve fitting between IR indexes and HUA.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was employed to reveal the correlation between each index and HUA. Results The 14 220 hypertension patients included 6 713 males and 7 507 females,with the average age of (63.8±9.4) years old,the average uric acid level of (418.9±120.6) mmol/L,and the HUA detection rate of 44.4%.The HUA group had higher proportions of males,current drinking,current smoking,diabetes,and using antihypertensive drugs,older age,higher diastolic blood pressure,WC,BMI,homocysteine,total cholesterol,TG,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,total protein,albumin,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin, METS-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, VAI, TG/HDL-C, and LAP, and lower systolic blood pressure and HDL-C than the normal uric acid group (all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression showed that METS-IR (OR=1.049,95%CI=1.038-1.060, P<0.001), TyG (OR=1.639,95%CI=1.496-1.797, P<0.001), TyG-BMI (OR=1.008,95%CI=1.006-1.010, P<0.001), TyG-WC (OR=1.003,95%CI=1.002-1.004, P<0.001), lnVAI (OR=1.850, 95%CI=1.735-1.973, P<0.001), ln(TG/HDL-C) (OR=1.862,95%CI=1.692-2.048, P<0.001),and lnLAP (OR=1.503,95%CI=1.401-1.613,P<0.001) were associated with the risk of HUA.Curve fitting indicated that METS-IR,TyG,TYG-BMI,TYG-WC,lnVAI,ln(TG/HDL-C),and lnLAP were positively correlated with HUA (all P<0.001),and the AUC of TyG index was higher than that of other IR indexes (all P<0.05). Conclusion Increased IR indexes,especially TyG,were associated with the risk of HUA among people with hypertension.

Predictive Effects of Different Insulin Resistance Indexes on Diabetes Risk in Hypertensive Population / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the roles of different insulin resistance indexes[triglyceride-glucose (TyG),triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR)]and combinations of two indexes in predicting diabetes risk in hypertensive population. Methods The survey of hypertension was conducted for the residents in Wuyuan county,Jiangxi province from March to August in 2018.The basic information of hypertensive residents was collected by interview.Blood was drawn on an empty stomach in the morning and physical measurements were carried out.Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between different insulin resistance indexes and diabetes,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used for evaluating the predictive effects of each index on diabetes risk. Results A total of 14 222 hypertensive patients with an average age of (63.8±9.4) years old were included in this study,including 2616 diabetic patients.The diabetic hypertensive population had higher TyG (t=50.323,P<0.001),TG/HDL-C (Z=17.325,P<0.001),and METS-IR (t=28.839,P<0.001) than the non-diabetic hypertensive population.Multivariate analysis showed that each insulin resistance index was positively correlated with diabetes risk.The area under curve of each insulin index was in a descending order of TyG (0.770)> METS-IR (0.673)> TG/HDL-C (0.620).The difference in the area under curve between two indexes was statistically significant[TyG vs.TG/HDL-C (Z=42.325,P<0.001);TyG vs.METS-IR(Z=17.517,P<0.001);METS-IR vs.TG/HDL-C (Z=10.502,P<0.001)]. Conclusions Elevated insulin resistance indexes can increase the risk of diabetes.TyG and the combination of indexes outperform TG/HDL-C and METS-IR in the prediction of diabetes.

Efficacy and initial clinical evaluation of optical genome mapping in the diagnosis of structural variations / 中华预防医学杂志

To investigate the efficacy and value of optical genome mapping (OGM) in detecting chromosomal structural variations. In a clinical study about high-precision analysis of genomic structural variation for complex genetic diseases, a retrospective study was performed on the cases with karyotyping at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Endocrinology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to December 2021. Ten cases with abnormal karyotype was detected by OGM. Partial cases were verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), SNP array or CNV-seq. Results of ten cases, nine were detected with abnormality by OGM, including unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements (n=3), translocation (n=5) and paracentric inversion (n=1), and the results were in concordance with other standard assays. However, one case with breakpoint and reconnected at centromere has not been detected. In conclusion, ten samples were comprehensively analyzed by karyotyping, FISH, SNP array or CNV-seq, and OGM, and results demonstrated that optical genome mapping as a new technology can not only detect unbalanced rearrangements such as copy number variants as well as balanced translocations and inversions, but more importantly, it can refine breakpoints and orientation of duplicated segments or insertions. So it can contribute to the diagnosis of genetic diseases and prevent birth defect. However, the current technology is not yet capable of detecting breakpoints of balanced structural variations lying within unmapped regions.

Role of histidine kinase AgrC in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm enhancing effects by sub-minimal inhibitory concentration ciprofloxacin / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of histidine kinase AgrC in Staphylococcusaureus biofilm formation enhancements under a environment with sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) ciprofloxacin, aiming to shed new light on the antibiotic treatment for S. aureus biofilm-related infections. Methods:Clinical isolates were collected from the skin tissue and body fluid samples at the Department of Medicine Clinical Laboratory, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in 2021. Microdilution broth method was used for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm assays were performed by using crystal violet staining assay and SYTO9 and PI fluorescent dye staining. Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to assess the transcriptional levels of the biofilm regulatory genes ( agrC, agrA, icaA and icaR) of S. aureus treated with different sub-MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to analyze the binding affinity of ciprofloxacin to histidine kinase AgrC. The data setwere presented as xˉ±s, analysis of variance or nonparametric test is used based on the distribution and homogeneity of variance of the data set. P<0.05 indicates statistically significant differences. Results:The MIC of ciprofloxacin against S. aureus was 0.25-0.5 mg/L. Ciprofloxacin could significantly promote the ability of S. aureus biofilm formation at the concentration of 1/4 × MIC [ATCC 43300( t=7.42, P=0.002), SA1( t=5.42, P=0.005), SA2( t=6.38, P=0.002), SA3( t=4.8, P =0.009), SA4( t=7.06, P=0.002) and SA5( t=4.36, P=0.004)]. The result of fluorescent staining showed that sub-MIC of ciprofloxacin could significantly promote the biofilm formation of S. aureus. The result of qRT-PCR suggested that there was no significant change in agrC gene expression, but the expression level of agrA ( t=4.42, P=0.003) and icaR ( t=4.49, P=0.007) was significantly decreased in the presence of sub-MIC ciprofloxacin [(0.61±0.24) and (0.56±0.12)], and the expression level of icaA was increased [1.51±0.19( t=5.24, P=0.009)].The result of ITC showed that ciprofloxacin had a significantly high affinity with AgrC. Conclusion:Sub-MIC of ciprofloxacin could promote the biofilm formation of S. aureus and increase its antibiotic resistance by binding to the AgrC protein receptor and affecting the expression of a grA, icaA and icaR genes.