Effects of estrogen receptor GPR30 agonist G1 on neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization in traumatic brain injury rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>To investigate the effects of estrogen G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and microglial polarization in rat traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, TBI + vehicle group, TBI + G1 group. Experimental moderate TBI was induced using Feeney's weigh-drop method. G1 (100μg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously injected from femoral vein at 30 min post-injury. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after injury for detection of neuronal apoptosis and microglia polarization. Neuronal apoptosis was assayed by immunofluorescent staining of active caspase-3. M1 type microglia markers (iNOS and IL-1β) and M2 type markers (Arg1 and IL-4) were examined by immunoblotting or ELISA. Total protein level of Akt and phosphorylated Akt were assayed by immunoblotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>G1 significantly reduced active caspase-3 positive neurons in hippocampus. Meanwhile G1 increased the ratio of Arg1/iNOS. IL-1β production was decreased but IL-4 was increased after G1 treatment. G1 treatment also increased the active form of Akt.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GPR30 agonist G1 inhibited neuronal apoptosis and favored microglia polarization to M2 type.</p>

Interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 in calcium-sensing receptor-media-ted calcium influx and nitric oxide generation / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the interaction of Ca 2+-sensing proteins , stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), in Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx and production of nitric oxide ( NO).METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothlial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with CaSR agonist spermine [activating store-operated calcium channels (SOC) and receptor-operated calcium channels ( ROC) ] alone or combined with CaSR negative allosteric modulator Calhex 231+ROC analogue TPA (activating ROC, blocking SOC), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro 31-8220, or PKCα/β1 selective inhibitor Go 6976 (activate SOC, blocking ROC).The protein expression of STIM1 and Orai1 was determined by the method of immu-nofluorescence .The interaction between STIM 1 and Orai1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation .The second to third passages of HUVECs were divided into STIM 1 and Orai1 short hairpin RNA group ( shSTIM1+shOrai1 group ) , vehicle-STIM1+vehicle-Orai1 group and control group , and then incubated with the 4 different treatments above .The intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] I ) was detected using the fluorescent Ca 2+indicator Fura-2/AM.The production of NO was also determined by DAF-FM DA fluorescent probe .RESULTS:The protein expression of STIM 1 and Orai1 was located in the cytoplasm.Compared with control group , the localization of STIM1 and Orai1 in the cytoplasm was reduced after the HUVECs were incubated with Calhex 231+TPA, Ro 31-8220 or Go 6976, and the interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 was de-creased significantly .The [ Ca2+] I and the net NO fluorescence intensity in shSTIM 1+shOrai1 group were significantly re-duced after the 4 different treatments (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:STIM1 and Orai1 are components of SOC and ROC in store-and receptor-operated Ca 2+entry and NO generation .

Interaction between STIM1 and Orai1 in calcium-sensing receptor-media-ted calcium influx and nitric oxide generation / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the interaction of Ca 2+-sensing proteins , stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), in Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR)-mediated extracellular Ca2+ influx and production of nitric oxide ( NO).METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothlial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with CaSR agonist spermine [activating store-operated calcium channels (SOC) and receptor-operated calcium channels ( ROC) ] alone or combined with CaSR negative allosteric modulator Calhex 231+ROC analogue TPA (activating ROC, blocking SOC), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Ro 31-8220, or PKCα/β1 selective inhibitor Go 6976 (activate SOC, blocking ROC).The protein expression of STIM1 and Orai1 was determined by the method of immu-nofluorescence .The interaction between STIM 1 and Orai1 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation .The second to third passages of HUVECs were divided into STIM 1 and Orai1 short hairpin RNA group ( shSTIM1+shOrai1 group ) , vehicle-STIM1+vehicle-Orai1 group and control group , and then incubated with the 4 different treatments above .The intracellular Ca2+concentration ( [ Ca2+] I ) was detected using the fluorescent Ca 2+indicator Fura-2/AM.The production of NO was also determined by DAF-FM DA fluorescent probe .RESULTS:The protein expression of STIM 1 and Orai1 was located in the cytoplasm.Compared with control group , the localization of STIM1 and Orai1 in the cytoplasm was reduced after the HUVECs were incubated with Calhex 231+TPA, Ro 31-8220 or Go 6976, and the interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 was de-creased significantly .The [ Ca2+] I and the net NO fluorescence intensity in shSTIM 1+shOrai1 group were significantly re-duced after the 4 different treatments (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:STIM1 and Orai1 are components of SOC and ROC in store-and receptor-operated Ca 2+entry and NO generation .

Determination of risperidone in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in Chinese volunteers / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study presents a rapid, specific and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay for determination of risperidone (RIS) in human serum using paroxetine as an internal standard (IS). An Alltima-C18 column (2.1 mmx100 mm, 3 microm) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) were used for separation. The analysis was performed by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method, and the peak area of the m/z 411.3-->191.1 transition for RIS was measured versus that of the m/z 330.1-->192.1 transition for IS to generate the standard curves. The assay linearity of RIS was confirmed over the range 0.25 approximately 50.00 ng/ml and the limit of quantitation was 0.05 ng/ml. The linear range corresponds well with the serum concentrations of the analytes obtained in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations were 1.85% approximately 9.09% and 1.56% approximately 4.38%, respectively. The recovery of RIS from serum was in the range of 70.20% approximately 84.50%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the bioequivalence between two kinds of tablets (test versus reference products) in 18 healthy male Chinese volunteers. The result suggests that two formulations are bioequivalent.

A RNA Isolation Method Suitable for a Wide Range of Materials / 生物化学与生物物理进展

High levels of RNase,polysaccharides and polyphenol compounds make isolation of high quality RNA difficult. Thus it is presented an effective RNA extraction method based on the nuclease adsorbent macaloid,poly vinyl pyrrolidone,and high concentration of KAc and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether,which has successfully extracted high-quality RNA from many materials difficult to RNA isolation,such as RNase-rich rabbit liver,plant and microbial tissues rich in polysaccharides,lipids and polyphenol compounds. This method was found to be better than the ones in common use-Trizol and Guanidinium isothiocyanate,the yield of which was at least three time higher. Furtherly,small RNA was enriched from total RNA sample from rice seedling through by repeat deposit which deals with high concentration of LiCl,PEG8000 and NaCl. The small RNA gained was confirmed to be used for following molecular biological research by RT-PCR with the primers designed on osa-mir-156 sequence from rice miRNA.

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy due to Ruptured Multiple Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms

We present a case of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in a 64-year-old male with sudden onset of left ophthalmoplegia. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a 10mm elongated aneurysmal sac which arose from the left internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery junction. The pterional approach was performed as an early surgery for aneurysm clipping. At operative field, the anterior choroidal artery aneurysm which directed posteromedially and compressed the origin of left oculomotor nerve was confirmed. And the blood blister like-aneurysm was also seen at the superolateral portion of the proximal bifurcation of the internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery. A large anterior choroidal artery aneurysm was clipped and the blood blister like-aneurysm was reinforced. No case report has been previously published describing a ruptured anterior choroidal artery aneurysm accomplished with third cranial nerve palsy. We reported a case of multiple aneurysms of anterior choroidal artery that caused ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy.

Oculomotor Nerve Palsy due to Ruptured Multiple Anterior Choroidal Artery Aneurysms

We present a case of acute subarachnoid hemorrhage in a 64-year-old male with sudden onset of left ophthalmoplegia. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a 10mm elongated aneurysmal sac which arose from the left internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery junction. The pterional approach was performed as an early surgery for aneurysm clipping. At operative field, the anterior choroidal artery aneurysm which directed posteromedially and compressed the origin of left oculomotor nerve was confirmed. And the blood blister like-aneurysm was also seen at the superolateral portion of the proximal bifurcation of the internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery. A large anterior choroidal artery aneurysm was clipped and the blood blister like-aneurysm was reinforced. No case report has been previously published describing a ruptured anterior choroidal artery aneurysm accomplished with third cranial nerve palsy. We reported a case of multiple aneurysms of anterior choroidal artery that caused ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy.

A Case of Churg - Strauss Syndrome with Multiple Colonic Ulcers / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Churg-Strauss syndrome or allergic granulomatosis and angiitis is an uncommon systemic vasculitis chracteristized by asthma, hypereosinophilia, mono or polyneuropathy, non-fixed pulmonary infiltrates, paranasal sinus abnormality and extravascular eosinophil infiltration. Gastrointestinal manifestations occur in about 42% of patients. However, ulcer formation in gastrointestinal tract mucosa is a rare manifestation, usually discovered upon laparotomy or autopsy. We experienced a case of 40-year-old woman with Churg-Strauss syndrome, who presented multiple colonic ulcers on colonoscopy. She also had bronchial asthma, polyneuritis, peripheral blood eosinophilia and hemorrhagic bullous skin lesions with extravascular eosinophil infiltration. She improved with high dose corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. We report this case with a review of the literature.

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ablation of Peripelvic Renal Cyst / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We report an initial experience with a retroperitoneal laparoscopic ablation of a peripelvic renal cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients (2 males, 3 females), with a mean age of 47 years (22 to 65) underwent a laparoscopic unroofing of a symptomatic peripelvic cyst. All patients complained of flank pain and an obstruction was observed in 3 patients. A laparoscopic ablation was performed retroperitoneally in all patients. Clinical parameters evaluated included the operative time, hospital stay, analgesic use, oral intake and complication rate. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 179 minutes (160-210 minutes). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days (2-3 days). The mean analgesic requirement was 44mg of Piroxicam. Oral intake was started on postoperative day 1.4 (1-2 days). Complications included 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema and 1 case of peritoneal tearing, which were managed conservatively. The mean follow-up was 9.2 months (3-18 months) with no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: A retroperitoneal laparoscopic ablation of a peripelvic renal cyst is technically feasible and effective alternative to an open cyst unroofing. However, it should be performed by an experienced urologic laparoscopist because of the location and association of these cysts with vessels of the renal hilum and collecting system.

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ablation of Peripelvic Renal Cyst / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We report an initial experience with a retroperitoneal laparoscopic ablation of a peripelvic renal cyst. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients (2 males, 3 females), with a mean age of 47 years (22 to 65) underwent a laparoscopic unroofing of a symptomatic peripelvic cyst. All patients complained of flank pain and an obstruction was observed in 3 patients. A laparoscopic ablation was performed retroperitoneally in all patients. Clinical parameters evaluated included the operative time, hospital stay, analgesic use, oral intake and complication rate. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 179 minutes (160-210 minutes). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days (2-3 days). The mean analgesic requirement was 44mg of Piroxicam. Oral intake was started on postoperative day 1.4 (1-2 days). Complications included 1 case of subcutaneous emphysema and 1 case of peritoneal tearing, which were managed conservatively. The mean follow-up was 9.2 months (3-18 months) with no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: A retroperitoneal laparoscopic ablation of a peripelvic renal cyst is technically feasible and effective alternative to an open cyst unroofing. However, it should be performed by an experienced urologic laparoscopist because of the location and association of these cysts with vessels of the renal hilum and collecting system.

A Case of Pelvic Neurilemoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

Effect of Esmolol on Cardiovascular Responses to Extubation / 대한마취과학회지

Transient increases in blood pressure and heart rate(HR) at the end of anesthesia and during extubation are common. Tomori and Widdicombe observed that mechanical stimulation of four areas of the upper respiratory tract (nose, epipharynx, laryngopharynx, tracheobnchial tree) induced reflex cardiovascular responses associated with enhanced neuronal activity in the cervical sympathetic efferent fibers. In susceptible patients, even this short period of hypertension and tachycardia can result in myocardial ischemia or increased intracranial pressure. The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of esmolol in attenuating cardiovascular responses to extubation under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. A sixty healthy patients who underwent elective noncardiac operation under general anesthesia (N2O-O2-enflurane) with endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into two groups : one was placebo group that received intravenous injection of 0.1 cc/kg normal saline, the other was esmolol group that received intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg esmolol. Extubation was performed when the patients could breathe spontaneously and open their eyes on command. In practice extubation was done between 2 and 4 minutes after drug(esmolol or saline) injection. The measurement of systolic blood pressure and heart rate was obtained one minute before extubation and every minute for 5 minutes after extubation, then rate-pressure product was calculated. The results were as follows; 1) When compared to pre-extubation systolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure for 2 minutes after extubation in both groups increased significantly but systolic blood pressure was more rapidly returned to pre-extubation level in the esmolol group than in the placebo group. When compared to pre-extubation systolic blood pressure, after extubation the number of patients in whom systolic blood pressure increased more than 20% was significantly fewer in the esmolol group than in the saline group. 2) When compared to pre-extubation heart rate, heart rate at 1 minute after extubation in the placebo group increased significantly but heart rate after extubation in the esmolol group did not change significantly. 3) When compared to pre-extubation rate-pressure product, rate-pressure product for 2 minutes after extubation in both group increased significantly. At 4 minutes after extubation, rate-pressure product in the saline group increased significantly when compared to rate-pressure product in the esmolol group. These results suggest that intravenous injection of 1 mg/kg esmolol before extubation blocks heart rate elevation following extubation under general anesthesia and is effective for rapid return to the pre-extubation level of systolic blood pressure.