Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Kaixin Powder and predictive analysis of its Q-markers / 中国中药杂志

Kaixin Powder is a classic prescription for invigorating Qi, nourishing the mind, and calming the mind. It has pharmacological effects of improving learning and memory ability, resisting oxidation, delaying aging, and promoting the differentiation and regeneration of nerve cells. It is mainly used in the modern clinical treatment of amnesia, depression, dementia, and other diseases. The present paper reviewed the research progress on the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Kaixin Powder, predicted and analyzed its quality markers(Q-markers) according to the concept of Chinese medicine Q-markers, including transmission and traceability, specificity, effectiveness, measurability, and compound compatibility environment. The results suggested that sibiricose A5, sibiricose A6, polygalaxanthone Ⅲ, 3',6-disinapoylsucrose, tenuifoliside A, ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb_1, pachymic acid, β-asarone, and α-asarone could be used as Q-markers of Kaixin Powder. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for establishing the quality control system and the whole process quality traceability system of Kaixin Powder compound preparations.

Anthraquinone modifier KA-4c triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress and targets ATF6 against breast cancer cells / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the mechanism of the effect of anthraquinone modifier KA-4c on breast cancer cells, and determine its action target by drug affinity reaction target stability technique (DARTS). Methods The cell viability was detected by MTT method. The effect of KA-4c on the morphology of breast cancer cells was studied by HE staining, ER-Tracker Red and electron microscope. The apoptosis rate of breast cancer cells induced by KA-4c was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic protein was detected by Western blotting. DARTS and CETSA were used to determine the target of KA-4c. Results KA-4c had the most significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells, and could cause endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial vacuolation to damage the cells. The apoptosis rate and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins CHOP and caspase-7 increased with the increase of KA-4c concentration. DARTS results showed that KA-4c could activate endoplasmic reticulum protein processing signaling pathway, in which KA-4c bound to ATF6 protein and was resistant to protease hydrolysis. The results of CETSA experiments showed that KA-4c could enhance the expression of ATF6 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions KA-4 triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells. ATF6 may be one of the targets of KA-4c.

Clinical pathway and preparation method of high-precision tooth shoulder platform / 华西口腔医学杂志

A clear shoulder platform that can be easily identified by doctors and technicians or machines (mouth scan and warehouse scan) is important to obtaining a good long-term and stable fixed prosthesis treatment effect. At present, the pre-paration of the shoulder platform is usually based on free hands, and the practical operation is mainly guided by experience. Moreover, no comprehensive and objective preoperative design, intraoperative verification, and final test are available. Thus, the accuracy of shoulder platform preparation needs to be improved. In this study, the clinical pathway of "three determination, three selection, and three steps" with high accuracy of preparation and the precise shoulder preparation method of "bur-tip guidance" are proposed in detail.

Minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation based on endodontic, periodontal and functional health / 华西口腔医学杂志

Tooth preparation is the primary and core operation technique for dental esthetic restoration treatment, due to its effect of providing restoration space, bonding interfaces and marginal lines for dental rehabilitation after tooth tissue reduction. The concept of microscopic minimal invasive dentistry put forward the issue of conducting high-quality tooth preparation, conserve tooth-structure, protect vital pulp and periodontal tissue simultaneously. This study reviewed the concepts, physiology background, design and minimal invasive microscopic tooth preparation, and in the meantime, individualized strategies and the two core elements of tooth preparation (quantity and shape) are listed.

A precise tooth preparation technique assisted with quantitive bur and microscope / 华西口腔医学杂志

Although traditional tooth preparation techniques (e.g., depth-groove-guided and index-guided techniques) are designed to improve preparation precision, the results are unsatisfactory because of the lack of proper estimating tools. This study proposed a novel technique, in which relevant details for preparation of drilling holes are provided and corresponding depth is estimated using a quantitive bur under a microscope. This technique offers a viable option for precise tooth preparation.

Polymorphism of Platelet Specific Antigens (HPA-1-5, 15) in Han Donors in the North Area of Henan Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the gene polymorphism distribution characteristics of human platelet HPA-1-5 and 15 blood group antigens and construct a certain scale of platelet HPA database in the north area of Henan Province so as to provide platelet apheresis for clinical departments.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP), the genotyping of HPA-1-5 and 15 system was carried out; the periperal blood of 500 healthy Han donors in north area of Henan Province was collected randomly, the gene and genotype frequencies were detected by direct counting method, and the population distribution frequncy of HPA genes was analyzed by Hardy-Weinberg balance test, and compared with other regions and ethnics by using χ(2) test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was statistically significant (P < 0.05) of increase HPA-3b and HPA-5a in North area of Henan Province, compared with Chinese Han population; the HPA-3b and 5a increase and HPA-2a decrease were statistically significant (P < 0.05), compared with Ethnic minority of China. There was partly increase of HPA-1a, 2a, 3a and 5a, compared with different regions and ethnic in abroad. HPA allele genes of 500 Han donors in the North area of Henan Province were as follows: 0.985 and 0.015 for 1a and 1b; 0.924 and 0.076 for 2a and 2b; 0.469 and 0.531 for 3a and 3b; 1.000 and 1.000 for 4a and 5a; 0.532 and 0.468 for 15a and 15b, respectively. HPA allele gene frequencies were 1aa0.970, 1ab0.030; 2aa0.848, 2ab0.152; 3aa0.222, 3ab0.494, 3bb0.284; 4aa1.000; 5aa1.000; 15aa0.282, 15ab0.500, 15bb0.218. Compared with other regions and ethnic, HPA gene frequencies partly had statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Distribution of HPA allele frequencies in the North area of Henan province is in accordence with the Hardy-Weinberg law. There are race and regional differences in HPA allele gene frequencies, compared with other regions and countries. And the HPA systems HPA-3 and 15 display the genetic polymorphisms, which provides a theoretical basis for the relevant research of the same type platelet infusion and alloimmune thrombocytopenia.</p>

Indirubin inhibits ATP-induced phagocytosis attenuation, ROS production and cell death of macrophages / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of indirubin on ATP-induced immune responses of macrophages. For this, neutral red dye uptake method was used to test phagocytosis, MTT assay was used for measuring cell death, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was tested with fluorescent probe DHE. The data showed that extracellular ATP attenuated phagocytosis, induced cell death and increased ROS production, and these effects were restored by pre-treating with indirubin. This result suggested that indirubin blockade the effects of ATP on macrophages, because extracellular ATP-induced effects are dependent on P2 receptors, in particular P2X7 receptors. Furthermore, the effects of indirubin on the activation of P2 receptors were tested, in particular P2X7 receptors. The data showed that indirubin significantly decreased ATP-induced, P2 receptors mediated intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rise and inhibited P2X7 receptor-based ethidium bromide (EB) dye uptake. These results suggested the inhibitory effects of indirubin on the activation of P2X7 receptors, which may underlying the effects on ATP induced ROS production, phagocytosis attenuation and cell death of macrophages.