RESUMEN
The interaction between atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) and following poor prognosis re-ceive more and more attention.Currently,there are four kinds of new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) that can pre-vent thromboembolism caused by AF.More and more evidence support that they can be used in AF + HF patients,including valvular,non-valvular AF or patients undergoing direct current cardioversion.The present article aimed at discussing possibility of NOACs application in AF + HF patients.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a new found mechanism of neutrophil killing pathogen .Some re-searches have confirmed that NETs possess promote coagulation and thrombosis also .Recent researches indicated that in acute coronary syndrome ,NETs burden of lesion sites of infarct related artery was positively correlated with infarct size .The present article made a review on NETs and its role in coronary heart disease .
RESUMEN
Pathological mechanism of aortic valve stenosis(AVS)is still poorly understood,especially effective med-ication or control of disease progress.Many studies have proved that a lot of coagulant markers,such as microparti-cles,phosphatidylserine,tissue factor,thrombin and thromboplastin,fibrin etc.,exist in stenotic valve.The pres-ent article made a review on interaction among coagulation,inflammation and calcification in aortic valve stenosis.
RESUMEN
Microparticles are vesicle-like structures with a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 μm.It′s produced after cell activa-tion or apoptosis,which possesses physiological and pathological effects.Microparticle level rises in many cardiovas-cular diseases.Its elevation in plasma is thought to be a biomarker of vascular function change.The present article aimed at summarizing and providing newest research progress for microparticles playing role in atherosclerotic in-flammation.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changes in the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and the alterations of nitric oxide (NO) concentration in atrial endocardium in atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to thrombosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In canine AF was produced with rapid atrial pacing at 400 bpm for 6 weeks, whereas the controls had no atrial pacing. NO production was measured by NO-specific microelectrode. The expression of endocardial eNOS and PAI-1 protein were determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical Staining. Plasma levels of PAI-1 were analysed by Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Left atrial NO concentration was decreased in AF than that in controls [(23.4 +/- 5.8)nmol/L vs (63.8 +/- 16.1)nmol/L, P < 0.01]. Endocardial eNOS expression was also significantly decreased (855 +/- 217 vs 2320 +/- 694, P < 0.05), whereas the expression of the PAI-1 was increased (3164 +/- 827 vs 1371 +/- 352, P < 0.01). Neither NO concentration, nor PAI-1, eNOS expression were altered in the right atria at the same time. A significant increase for plasma levels of PAI-1 was also detected in AF group. No correlation was found between eNOS and PAI-1 protein expression (r = 0.217, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In the canine model AF was associated with a marked decrease in endocardial NOS expression and NO concentration and with an increase in PAI-1 expression in the left atrium, which may contribute to the thrombosis in AF.</p>