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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on cognitive function of vascular dementia (VD) rats and its mechanism. MethodsVD rat model was established by modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). After modeling, TEAS and electroacupuncture (EA) were used to stimulate Baihui and Zusanli points of rats respectively for 14 d. After treatment, novel object recognition test, Morris water maze test, and Y maze test were used to evaluate the spatial memory and learning ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal mitochondria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detected the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA and ROS in serum of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM, HO-1, NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus, Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus. ResultsAfter treatment for 14 d, compared to the model group, the escape latency of VD rats decreased, while the discrimination index, the times of rats crossing the original platform area, the residence time in the original platform quadrant, and the percentage of alternation increased. TEAS can improve the structure of hippocampal neurons and mitochondria of VD rats, showing that neurons were arranged more regularly and distributed more evenly, nuclear membrane and nucleoli were clearer, and mitochondrial swelling were reduced, mitochondrial matrix density were increased, and mitochondrial cristae were more obvious. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in serum increased significantly, while the concentration of MDA and ROS decreased. TEAS also up-regulated the expression levels of PGC-1α TFAM, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus, but down-regulated the Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm. ConclusionTEAS can improve cognition, hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial structure of VD rats, and the effect is better than EA. The mechanism may be the activation of PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant stress, which also provides a potential therapeutic technology and experimental basis for the treatment of VD.
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Objective To explore the effect ofdexmedetomidine on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated PC12 cells and its potential mechanism.Methods PC12 cells were treated by LPS with a concentration of 400μg/ml.The cell viability,the concentrations ofinterleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the cell culture supernatant were measured after 3-,6-,or 12-h treatment.The expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4),myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) were measured.In the second part,PC12 cells were cultured under four different treatments,that is,normal culture media in first group,400μg/ml LPS in second group,100μmol/L dexmedetomidine in third group,400μg/ml LPS and100μmol/L dexmedetomidine in fourth group.The indexes mentioned above were measured 6 hours after LPS and DEX treatments.Results The cell viability was decreased after LPS treatment,and the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly.Compared with control group,the concentrations in 3-,6-,12-h groups showed statistically significant differences (P＜0.05),especially after 6 hours.The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway was activated after LPS stimuli and reached the peak value.Compared with LPS treatment group,PC 12 cell apoptosis rate,the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α and the expressions of TLR4,MyD88 and p-p65 were decreased.The differences between LPS+DEX group and LPS group was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has a protective effect on LPS stimulated PC 12 cells via the inhibition of inflammatory response.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of hemocoagulase acutus for injection and determine its curative dose.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five patients on abdominal surgeries were randomly allocated into 2 study groups and 1 control group. Thirty minutes before the operation, the patients in the study groups received intravenous hemocoagulase acutus at 1 U and 2 U, respectively, and control group had no treatment. The hemostatic time, hemorrhagic volume, and hemoagglutination were observed in all the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average hemorrhagic volume and hemorrhagic volume per square were significantly lower in the two study groups than in the control group (P<0.05), and the average hemorrhagic volume per square were significantly lower in study group 2 U than in the 1 U group (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in adverse effects between the 3 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hemocoagulase acutus for injection has good hemostatic effect for controlling capillary hemorrhage at the abdominal incisions and can be safely used in the surgical patients.</p>