Research Progress of Active Constituents and Pharmacological Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Moringa oleifera is a typical tropical multi-functional fast-growing tree species， which is native to India and now widely planted in various tropical regions. After some research and textual research， the records of M. oleifera in China can be traced back to the The Bower Manuscript（volume Ⅱ）（about the 4th—6th century A.D.） unearthed in Kuqa， Xinjiang. M. oleifera contains a variety of active ingredients such as flavonoids， alkaloids， glycosides， organic esters and rich nutrients， which has outstanding medicinal and economic value. As a result， M. oleifera is widely used in food additives， water purification agents， medicine and health care and other fields. In 2012， the Ministry of Health approved M. oleifera as a new resource food. In the current trend of medicine diet and health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine， M. oleifera stands out， which not only expands the direction for the development of health products， but also enriches the development demand of traditional Chinese medicine in our country. However， in our country， the research on M. oleifera is mainly focused on the extraction of chemical components， analysis of nutritional components， consumption and content determination， and the research on its composition and pharmacological action is one-sided. For this purpose， this paper briefly reviewed the active components， hypoglycemic and treatment of diabetic complications， hypolipidemic， antioxidant， anti-inflammatory and applied research status of M. oleifera， and looked forward to the future development and utilization of M. oleifera leaves in China.

Research advances in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of different parts of Eucommia ulmoides / 中国中药杂志

To date, 205 compounds have been identified from different medicinal parts of Eucommia ulmoides, including lignans, iridoid terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, polysaccharides and others. Their pharmacological effects include blood pressure-lowering, blood sugar-lowering, blood lipids-regulating, prevention of osteoporosis, anti-inflammation, liver protection, anti-cancer and so on. Their efficacy and mechanism from different parts are slightly different. In this paper, the chemical composition, pharmacological action and mechanism of different parts of E. ulmoides were systematically summarized, as well as its quality control and processing research, to provide theoretical basis for further rational development and utilization of E. ulmoides.

Application of Precise Medication of Xiaoer Fupi Granules for Functional Dyspepsia Based Integrated Pharmacological Strategy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Integrated pharmacological approach was used to predict the target genes and signal pathways of Xiaoer Fupi granules in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD), and the possible mechanism was discussed. The disease target information was collected by the DISEASES and UniProt databases, integrated pharmacological platform of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM-IP) was used to predict chemical composition, target, protein gene ontology(GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway, and the networks of candidate target and TCMs-chemical components-core targets-key pathways were constructed. A total of 2 882 potential targets and 96 candidate target pathways were predicted, and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase(β-1,4-GalT) subtypes(B4GALT4, B4GALT2, B4GALT1) and phosphorylated protein kinase C subtype D(PRKCD), adenylate cyclase 2(ADCY2) and other targets were predicted. Some pathways were enriched, such as nervous system, endocrine system, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, long-term depression and other pathways related to FD. It was predicted that Xiaoer Fupi granules for treating FD by regulating gastrointestinal hormones, anti-depression, and regulating nerves and endocrine system. This study provides a basis for the precise clinical application and positioning of Xiaoer Fupi granules, and helps to clarify the mechanism of this drug.

Marker genes of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity based on genomic strategy / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to screen out relevant genes of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity based on genomics,in order to provide a scientific basis for the non-clinical evaluation of drugs containing Gardeniae Fructus and geniposide. Fifty-five SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,24 h group and 72 h group. The changes of appearance,behavior and weight of rats were observed after administration by gavage for 3 days. The activities of ALT and AST were detected. Molecular mechanism of geniposideinduced hepatotoxicity was investigated by Affymetrix miRNA 4. 0 and Affymetrix Rat Gene 2. 0 to examine the gene expression levels in Sprague-Dawley rat livers at 24 h and 72 h after administration of overdose-geniposide( 300 mg·kg-1 daily),and then verified by Realtime quantitative PCR. Compared with the normal control group,the activities of ALT and AST were markedly increased. In addition,experimental results indicated that 324 genes were differentially expressed,among which 259 were up-regulated and 65 down-regulated.Nine candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR,including Bcl2,Il1 b,Tpm3,MMP2,Col1α1,Ifit1,Aldob,Nr0 b2,Cyp2 c23. And Bcl2,Col1α1,Aldob,Nr0 b2 and Cyp2 c23 were found to be correlated with geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity. This study provides an important clue for mechanism of geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity.

Analysis on composition principles of formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus in dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions / 中国中药杂志

Gardeniae Fructus, which is widely used in health foods and clinical medicines, is a type of edible food and medicine. Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions provides good materials for prescription analysis and the R&D of traditional Chinese medicines. The composition regularity of formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus in dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions was analyzed on the basis of the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system(TCMISS), in order to provide reference for clinical application and the R&D of new drugs. TCMISS was applied to establish a database of prescriptions containing Gardeniae Fructus. The software's frequency statistics and association rules and other date mining technologies were adopted to analyze commonly used drugs, combination rules and core combined formulae containing Gardeniae Fructus. Totally 3 523 prescriptions were included in this study and involved 1 725 Chinese herbs. With a support degree of 352(10%) and confidence coefficient of 90%, 57 most commonly used drug combinations were screened. Drugs adopted in core combinations were relatively concentrated and selected according to definite composition methods. They were used to mainly treat 18 diseases. Gardeniae Fructus have often been combined with herbs for heat-clearing and detoxification, expelling pathogenic wind, relieving exterior syndrome, invigorating the circulation of blood and gas and promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis to mainly treat jaundice, typhoid, headache and other syndromes.