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Introduction: Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes, which play a pivotal role in health and disease. Tumor Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) has long been evaluated in the diagnosis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, their association with Tumor Associated Blood Eosinophilia (TABE) in OSCCs is still far fetched. We, therefore, attempted to evaluate their individual roles and to achieve a ratio between TATE and TABE in order to signify its usage in objectifying the diagnosis. Materials and Methods: TATE was evaluated using H and E stain per 10 high power fields in 33 previously diagnosed cases of OSCC which were retrieved from department archives. TABE values were achieved from complete blood hemogram reports of patients. TATE/TABE ratio was calculated. All the parameters were clinicopathologically correlated and statistically evaluated using SPSS. Results: TATE represented higher values in well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) and was least in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), whereas TABE linearly increased from WDSCC to PDSCC. TNM Stage II cases revealed the highest TATE and lowest TABE. TATE/TABE ratio was the highest in WDSCC. Conclusion: Due to the dual nature of eosinophils in early and late carcinogenesis events, evaluation of only TATE might not be conclusive in determining tumor grade. Hence, in a first of its kind attempt, the TATE/TABE ratio may be suitable to achieve a criterion for the determination of tumor grade and may also help to unfold the underlying biologic events
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Introduction: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play a major role in cancer formation, growth, and progression. One of the important findings in this area is that murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is a negative regulator of wild-type p53. In tumors, expressing wild-type p53, inhibition of MDM2 expression will stabilize p53 and allow it to perform its proapoptotic function, while simultaneously preventing MDM2 from exerting its p53-independent oncogenic effects. The intracellular levels of p53 are tightly regulated by MDM2, as it is a key player in autoregulatory feedback loop under nonstressed conditions. The p53-MDM2 relationship is vital not only for essential functions of the cell, but it also appears to be an integrated part of the complex cellular network which supports the importance of this affair and is a hallmark for its coexistence. Subjects and Methods: This study was designed to identify immunohistochemically the expression of p53 and MDM2 gene using monoclonal antibody in 60 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, of which 20 cases were of solid multicystic ameloblastoma (SMA), 20 cases were of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and 20 cases were of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA). Results: Immunoexpression of p53 and MDM2 was highest in OKC followed by SMA and was minimum in UA. Further results showed positive correlation between both the molecules. Conclusion: The studied showed that the relationship has a significant role in cancer etiology and progression and therefore is an important topic for future research which should help in the development of new therapeutic agent against cancer
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Introduction: Gastrointestinal tract is a uncommon site forlipomas. Intestinal lipomas are most common benign nonepithelial intestinal tumors, found incidentally. Symptomaticdiffuse submucosal intestinal lipomatosis is a rare entity. Here,we present a rare case of intestinal submucosal lipomatosis,which presented as intestinal obstruction.Case report: On laparotomy, intussusception of a segment ofgut was identified and sent for histopathological examination.On gross examination, intussusception of a part of gutsegment with distally gangrenous gut segment was identified.On cutting open, multiple soft, yellowish polypoidal growthsidentified. On histopathology, multiple submucosal lipomaswere identified.Conclusion: Diffuse intestinal lipomatosis is a rare conditionand can lead to intestinal obstruction and should be kept as adifferential diagnosis in a case of intussusceptions.
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Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most common canceramong women in both developing and developed countries.It needs alarming attention because it causes high morbidityand mortality. There is a need to understand the initiationand progression of breast cancer on hormonal, cellular andmolecular basis which forms the platform for designing oftargeted therapy. This study was intended to find correlationbetween the expression of Estrogen receptor, Progesteronereceptor and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2with histological grade in cases of carcinoma breast.Material and methods: This study was conducted in theDepartment of Pathology at Bhagat Phool Singh GovernmentMedical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat on 55histologically confirmed breast cancer cases.Results: The age of the patients ranged from 27 to 70 yearsand the mean age was 51.56 ± 11.39 years. Invasive ductalcarcinoma - no special type was the most common histologicaltype(92.72%). The most common histological grade observedwas grade II i.e. 61.82%. Lymph nodes involvement was seenin 55.32% of the cases. ER, PR and HER-2/neu positivitywas observed in 45.45%, 47.27% and 25.45% of the casesrespectively. ER and PR were found to correlate withhistological grade (p<0.05) while no correlation was observedbetween HER-2/neu and histological grade(p>0.05).Conclusion: Evaluation of ER, PR, and HER-2/neu statusshould be incorporated routinely as a part of histopathologyreports in all cases of breast carcinoma as they not onlyhelp in assessment of prognosis, but also help in decidingmanagement and improving overall survival.
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Dentinogenesis Imperfecta and dentin dysplasia are genetic oral diseases inherited in a simple autosomal dominant mode, with high penetrance and a low mutation rate. Both of them are present with bulbous crowns, marked cervical constrictions, severe attritions, few periapical radiolucencies, and premature tooth loss. The diagnosis is based on family history, and detailed clinical examination, while genetic diagnosis may become useful in the future once sufficient disease-causing mutations have been discovered. Here, we present a case with overlapping features of both dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia asserting both the anomalies to be part of the same continuum of the genetic event.
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Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant lesion with characteristic behaviour that dictates a more aggressive surgical approach than that of a simple ameloblastoma. However, due to less number of cases reported till now in the literature and scarcity of documentations, reliable evidence of its biologic activity is currently unavailable. Because the lesion is usually found unexpectedly after an incisional biopsy of diagnosed case of Ameloblastoma or after the removal of a cyst, a guide to differential diagnosis is not usually useful. Most ameloblastic carcinomas are presumed to have arisen de novo with a few cases of malignant transformation of ameloblastomas. Although rare, these lesions have been known to metastasize, mostly to the regional lymph nodes or lungs. Here we reported a case of 62year old male and his clinical, radiographical and histological features has been discussed with an insight on the classification systems of odontogenic malignancies.