The significance of eosinophils in the correlation of upper and lower airway inflammation in patients with chronic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To explore the predictor of lower airway inflammation among the index of nasal inflammation by investigating the expression and association of eosinophils (EOS) in the upper-lower airways and blood of patients with chronic rhinitis.@*Methods@#A total of 162 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), 117 patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and 104 controls were enrolled from June 2010 to December 2013 from General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People′s Liberation Army. All subjects were required detailed medical history collection and nasal resistance measurement. Skin prick test (SPT), blood total immunoglobin E (tIgE) and blood EOS, nasal lavage and induced sputum EOS, nasal provocation and bronchial provocation test (NPT, BPT), nasal and forced exhaled nitric oxide (NNO, FeNO) were performed in all patients. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups. LSD t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the two groups. Pearson or Spearman related parameter test was used for correlation analysis.@*Results@#The nasal lavage EOS, NNO, induced sputum EOS, FeNO, blood EOS and tIgE were higher in the AR group than that in the NAR group (3.70[1.20, 14.23]/200 HP vs 1.40[0.20, 3.40]/200 HP, 673.50[466.80, 936.00] ppb vs 455.80[248.10, 705.60] ppb, 2.97[0.00, 10.63]% vs 1.00[0.23, 2.00]%, (49.28±26.37)ppb vs (34.07±19.11)ppb, 4.00[2.00, 7.00]% vs 2.00[1.00, 5.00]%, 208.01[61.70, 387.50] IU/ml vs 43.30[19.00, 122.00] IU/ml, F or χ2 value was 11.442, 19.440, 70.727, 69.449, 47.453, 46.525, respectively, all P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in nasal resistance, NPT and BPT between the two groups. Nasal lavage EOS in AR group and NAR group was correlated with induced sputum EOS, FeNO, tIgE and blood EOS (r value of AR group was 0.448, 0.202, 0.159, 0.321, r value of NAR group was 0.442, 0.268, 0.268, 0.334, respectively, all P<0.05), but not with BPT. After adjustment for gender, age, height and weight, nasal EOS was positively correlated with sputum EOS. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nasal EOS, blood EOS and SPT were factors affecting sputum EOS levels. The optimal threshold for nasal EOS to determine induced sputum EOS was 3.30/200 HP by (receiver operating characteristic,ROC) analysis.@*Conclusion@#The nasal EOS is correlated with multiple lower airway and systemic inflammatory markers, and is a risk factor for the induced sputum EOS, which can be used as an inflammation biomarker to predict the lower air inflammation.

Clinical analysis and treatment of nasal complications after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomasectomy / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To exlpore the prevention and therapy methods of nasal complications after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomasectomy.METHODS 129 cases of pituitary adenomas underwent transsphenoidal surgery.The postoperative nasal complications were observed and disposed.RESULTS A total of 26 cases(20.1％) of nasal complications appeared in all 129 cases of pituitary adenomas underwent transsphenoidal surgery,including nasal hemorrhage 6 cases(4.8％),eerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea 9 cases(6.9％),sphenoid sinusitis 3 cases(2.3％),atrophy rhinitis 2 cases(1.6％),olfactory dysfunction 2 cases(1.6％),nasal septum perforation 1 case(0.8％),and nasal adhesion 3 cases(2.3％).They were all cured after nasal endoscopic regular cavity clean,nasal hormone,nasal irrigation.CONCLUSION The nasal complications after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomas ectomy surgery should be timely disposed,which can effectively improve the patients' clinical symptoms.

Effect of treating allergic rhinitis with intranasal corticosteroids on small airway function / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of administration intranasal corticosteroids on small airway disfunction for allergic rhinitis (AR) patients. METHODS AR patients with small airway disfunction were administrated intranasal corticosteroids for twelve weeks. Before treatment, nasal VAS, RQLQ were recorded, pulmonary function test were given. After therapy, VAS, RQLQ were obtained again at the 4th, 8th and 12th week. Pulmonary function test were performed at the 4th and 12th week. RESULTS VAS, RQLQ were all improved after therapy (P <0.01). The indices of FEV1/FVC%, MMEF pred%, MEF75pred%, MEF50pred%, MEF25pred%were also improved significantly (P<0.05), especially for MMEFpred%, MEF75pred%, MEF50pred% (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Small airway lesions can be obviously improved by the intranasal corticosteroids applied for AR. It has positive significance for preventing AR from developing into asthma.

Changes in small airway function in rhinitis without asthma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Observe the changes of small airway function in patients with rhinitis but without asthma and/or lower airway symptoms.@*METHOD@#Between June 2008 and December 2012, we recruited 903 subjects, including 377 with allergic rhinitis (AR), 262 with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and 264 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent meticulous history taking, nasal examination, allergen skin prick test, blood routine test, serum total immunoglobin E assay, pulmonary ventilation function test and bronchial challenge test.@*RESULT@#The indices of FEV1/FVC%, MEF25pred% and MMEFpred% were lower in AR group than in the control group (P 0.05). The positive rate of airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR) in AR group and in NAR group was 12.2%, 6.1% respectively. Indices of small airway function were all lower in the AHR group than NAHR group in rhinitis.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with healthy controls, small airway function in patients with rhinitis has apparent changes, part of rhinitis patients has AHR, and is associated with small airway function changes.

Changes in small airway function in patients with non-allergic rhinitis / 医学研究生学报

Objective Small airway hypofunction is an early manifestation of asthmatic airway injury and is found in patients with non-asthma allergic rhinitis.However, no report has been seen on the changes of small airway function in patients with non-aller-gic rhinitis ( NAR) .This study was to investigate the possibility of small airway lesion in NAR patients and its relationship with airway responsiveness by observing the changes of small airway function in NAR patients without asthma and/or lower airway symptoms. Methods We recruited 324 subjects for this study, including 262 NAR patients and 62 healthy controls, and assigned them to an air-way hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and a non-airway hyperresponsiveness (nAHR) group.All the subjects underwent medical history collection, nasal examination, allergen skin prick test, blood routine test, serum total immunoglobin E assay, pulmonary function test, and bronchial challenge test. Results Compared with the healthy con-trols, the NAR patients showed remarkably lower predicted percenta-ges of maximal mid-expiratory flow ([85.6 ±17.1] vs [81.3 ± 19.9]%), mid-expiratory flow (MEF) with 75% of forced vital ca-pacity (FVC) expired ([96.1 ±16.1] vs [88.8 ±23.1]%), MEF with 50%of FVC expired ([88.4 ±17.8] vs [84.8 ±20.8]%), and MEF with 25%of FVC expired ([92.7 ±25.9] vs [82.9 ± 28.7]%) (P0.05).The positive rate of AHR was 6.1% (16/246) in the NAR group.All the indices of small airway function were significantly lower in the AHR than in the nAHR group (P <0.01). Conclusion NAR patients are apt to undergo obvious changes in small airway function, some with AHR, which is associated with lower airway function changes.

Effects of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis on bronchial inflammation / 医学研究生学报

Objective To describe the effects of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis on patients with bronchial inflammation by comparing the bronchial inflammation characteristics . Methods All patients enrolled in the study were categorized into two groups according to rhinitis diagnostic criteria , 377 cases in the allergic rhinitis ( AR) group, 262 cases in non-allergic rhinitis ( NAR) group and another 264 patients without rhinitis as control group .Induced sputum differential cytology tests , exhaled nitric oxide concentration measurements and methacholine bronchial provocation tests were performed .The characteristics and differences in lower airway inflam-mation among the three groups were compared . Results The exhaled nitric oxide level and the positive rate of the exhaled nitric ox-ide were different significantly in AR group and NAR group than the control group (P0.05). Conclusion Bronchial inflammation may be aggravated by AR and NAR , so all patients with AR and NAR need treatment , and the degree of inflammation was higher in AR patients than the NAR patients .

Hormonal Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche: A Focus on Estrogen

Self-renewal and differentiation are hallmarks of stem cells and controlled by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Increasing evidence indicates that estrogen (E2), the primary female sex hormone, is involved in regulating the proliferation and lineage commitment of adult and pluripotent stem cells as well as modulating the stem cell niche. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of E2 in behavior of stem cells may help to improve their therapeutic potential. Recently, it has been reported that E2 promotes cell cycle activity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and induces them to megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors during pregnancy. This study paves the way towards a previously unexplored endocrine mechanism that controls stem cell behavior. In this review, we will focus on the scientific findings regarding the regulatory effects of E2 on the hematopoietic system including its microenvironment.

Skin prick testing versus immumofluorescence testing for mites allergens / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the characteristics of skin prick test (SPT) and immumofluorescence method (IFM) in detecting the atopy of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and dermatophagoides farinae (Df)and explore the relationship of them.@*METHOD@#Four hundred and ninety-one patients with two or more symptoms of nasal obstruction,itching, sneezing and rhinorrhea received SPT and serum specific IgE detection using IFM.@*RESULT@#SPT was more sensitive than IFM in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df (P < 0.05). If using the IFM as the gold standard, the sensitivity of SPT was all above 95% with the specificity a little bit lower than 80%. These two methods had a positive correlation in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df (r = 0.779, 0.776; P < 0.01). The sIgE concentrations of these two mites were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.954, P < 0.01), the SPT was highly correlated with each other (r = 0. 946, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#SPT was more sensitive than IFM in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df. In most cases, SPT can replace IFM to detect patients' allergia on mites. Besides, it is good enough to detect either of the serum specific IgE concentrations of Dp and Df.

Application of frontal drill in revision endoscopic frontal sinus surgery / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the application of frontal drill in revision endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 11 adult patients (18 sides) suffering from chronic recurrent frontal sinusitis were analyzed retrospectively. The patients received revision endoscopic frontal sinus surgery with frontal drill because of difficulty in confirming ostia under endoscope. Postoperatively all cases were followed up to evaluate the efficacy.@*RESULT@#The ostia of frontal sinus were successfully opened with this method in all cases, and no serious complications occurred except hemorrhage due to injury of anterior ethmoidal artery in 1 case. After 7 to 35 months follow-up postoperatively, the symptoms vanished in all cases and none recurred. The endoscopic examinations showed well-opening of frontal sinus ostia.@*CONCLUSION@#Localization of frontal ostium with frontal drill is a simple, convenient, safe and effective accessorial method for revision endoscopic frontal sinus surgery.

The study of resilience of oral pharyngeal wall in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome applied with multiple detector-row spiral CT / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the resilience of oral pharyngeal wall in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Applied with multiple detector-row spiral CT, 24 patients with OSAHS and 10 volunteers were scanned from nasopharynx to hypopharynx under the normal breathing state and the breathing state of Muller maneuver. The relevant dimensions of area and thickness of retropharyngeal soft tissue were measured in some level in imagings including the soft palatal level, the lingual level and the epiglottic level, then the resilience of these levels were calculated according to the above data.@*RESULT@#The values of resilience of oral pharyngeal wall were larger in patients with OSAHS than those in the volunteers. The difference of the values of resilience in soft palatal level and lingual level was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The values of thickness of retropharyngeal soft tissue in the soft palatal level, the lingual level and the epiglottic level were respectively (7.5 +/- 2.2) mm, (4.8 +/- 1.3) mm, and (2.3 +/- 0.2) mm. There was a significant difference in the thickness in soft palatal level between the patients with OSAHS and the volunteers (P < 0.01). The indexes of Pearson correlation of between the thickness of retropharyngeal soft tissue and the resilience of the pharyngeal wall decreased from the soft palatal level to the epiglottic level in these two groups. Only the value of correlation coefficient in the soft palatal level was statistically significant in patients with OSAHS.@*CONCLUSION@#The study suggested that the resilience of pharyngeal wall could be quantitated by applying with multiple detector-row spiral CT. The resilience of oral pharyngeal and its correlation with thickness of retropharyngeal soft tissue may be the highest in soft palatal level.

Hydrophilicity and adsorptivity of a novel scaffold twice embedded by lecithin and poly-L-lysine to human nasal septum chondrocytes / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Chitosan is a kind of natural biomaterial and is characterized by great biocompatibility, progressive degeneration and absorption and excellent mechanical property; however, whether it may become an ideal cytoskeleton in the engineering of cartilage tissue or not should be researched further.OBJECTIVE: To observe the hydrophilicity and adsorptivity to human nasal septum chondrocytes and the effect of its function of a novel scaffold made by [poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide)] (PLGA)/chitosan nonwoven cloth embedded with lecithin (LEC) and poly-L-lysine (PLYS).DESIGN: Blank control study.SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from October 2005 to June 2006. Chitosan nonwoven cloth was provided by Hainan Xinlong Company. The mainly technical parameters were detailed as the follows: degree of deacetylation ≥ 90% and relative molecular weight 2-5 × 105. PLGA/chitosan nonwoven cloth scaffold was made in Department of Otolaryngology-Hean and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA and High Polymer Institute of Sun Yat-sen University. The mainly technical parameters were detailed as the follows: mole ratio between monome lactide and glycolide 75:25, porosity 82%-86%, pore diamater 100-300 μm, shear strength 48 MPa, depth 1.5 mm and completely degenerated duration 14-18 weeks. Human nasal septum chondrocytes were the septal cartilage of nose which was derived from operated patients with deflection of nasal septum under sterile condition.METHODS: PLGA/chitosan nonwoven cloth was sheared into pieces with the size of 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm, dipped in 0.01 volume fraction of LEC anhydrous alcohol and 1 g/L PLYS for 6 hours, dealt with ultraviolet radiation after dehydration for 1hour, dipped in 0.75 volume fraction of ethanol for 24 hours, washed with Hanks solution, and incubated for 24 hours. After operations mentioned above, two kinds of novel scaffolds containing various components were obtained, and they were simple scaffold and scaffold embedded with LEC and PLYS. Cells derived from the third generation of human nasal septum chondrocytes were used to make suspension. In addition, cell suspension was grown on those two scaffolds to determine the degree of hydrophilicity through observing diffused degree of cell suspension. Whether cell suspension of human nasal septum chondrocytes was wafted on scaffolds or not were observed under phase contrast microscope so as to determine adsorptivity between cells and scaffolds; meanwhile, growth of cells and production of matrix were also observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Hydrophilicity of those two kinds of scaffolds (diffused degree of cell suspension of human nasal septum chondrocytes on scaffold) and adsorptivity to cells (whether cell suspension of human nasal septum chondrocytes was wafted on scaffolds or not); ② growth of cells and production of matrix.RESULTS: ① When simple scaffold was put in cell suspension of human nasal septum chondrocytes, cell suspension showing like balls attached to the surface of scaffold, and then, scattered into space of scaffold gradually. During the period of culture, phase contrast microscope indicated that masses of cells attached to the surface of fiber of scaffold.When the petri dish was shaken, cell groups drifted irregularly. The adherent rate was (21±3.7)%. With the cultured time passing by, matrix was not produced. ② When scaffold embedded with LEC and PLYS was put in cell suspension of human nasal septum chondrocytes, cell suspension scattered into space of scaffold rapidly. The adherent rate was (89±5.6)%, which was higher than that of single scaffold group. This suggested that scaffold showed a strong hydrophilicity.Phase contrast microscope indicated that chondrocytes as the form of monome or community were distributed between scaffold and fiber averagely and attached to the surface of fiber of scaffold. When the petri dish was shaken, cell groups did not drift irregularly, and only a few of cells were scarred at the bottom of petri dish. This suggested that scaffold had a strong adsorptivity to cells. One week after culture, matrix showing like cobweb was produced among fibers of scaffold.With the cultured time passing by, matrix was produced abundantly.CONCLUSION: The novel scaffold of PLGA/chitosan nonwoven cloth embedded with LEC and PLYS is characterized by an excellent hydrophilicity and adsorptivity to human nasal septum chondrocytes; meanwhile, it also can secrete matrix.

Status of patients with allergic rhinitis combined with bronchial asthma in Nanjing and the correlation of clinical characteristics / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Both Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are allergic diseases of respiratory tract. They frequently coexist in the same patients.OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of allergic rhinitis in patients with bronchial asthma in Nanjing, and to analyze the correlation of clinical characteristic between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.DESIGN: The questionnaire survey.SETTING: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Respiratory, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 134 patients with bronchial asthma including 73 males and 61 females were selected form Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February 2001 to April 2005. Their ages ranged from 3 to 72 years. Severity of asthma of all patients was classified based on Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). The diagnostic criteria of allergic rhinitis were established referred to the guideline of Haikou Meeting (November, 1997). All patients provided the confirmed consent.METHODS: The questionnaire survey of 134 bronchial asthma patients from the city of Nanjing was conducted. Their age, classification, severity, treatment status, and the family history of all 134 patients were investigated in details. Differences of age, age at onset, and course of disease between rhinitis and asthma of all patients were examined by two independent t tests. The correlation between clinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Incidence of allergic rhinitis in patients with bronchial asthma and the correlation of clinical characteristic between allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.RESULTS：Of all 134 bronchial asthma patients，82(61．2％,82/134)were accompanied with allergic rhinitis．There were 45 males and 37 females．Of 82 patients with allergic rhinitis accompanying with bronchial asthma，severity was classified into grade Ⅰ (mild pause,n=56)，grade Ⅱ (mild persistence，n=21)，grade Ⅲ (moderate persistence，n=4)，and grade Ⅳ (severe persistence，n=1)．In addition,allergic rhinitis was classified into periodicity (n=65) and persistence(n=17)．According to the classification and seventy system recommended in ARIA,63 patients had mild symptoms and 19 had moderate and severe symptoms．Severity of allergic rhinitis was positively related to that of bronchial asthma(r=0.689,P＜0．01)．CONCLUSION: The morbidity of allergic rhinitis combining with bronchial asthma is high in Nanjing, China. While, their classification and severity are highly coherent.

Treatment of moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome with modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect of modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UPPP) combined with temperature-controlled radiofrequency ablation(TCRFA) in the treatment of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) . METHODS A total of 83 patients with moderate or severe OSAHS were underwent modified UPPPcombined with TCRFA. All patients were followed-up more than 2 years. Polysomnography was examined at 6 months,1 year and 2 years after operation. RESULTS The curative rate,obvious effective rate and effective rate were 28.9 %,33.7 % and 20.5 % respectively with a total effective rate of 83.1 % at 2 years after operation. The PSG showed that,the AHI values decreased signifi cantly(P

The detection of nitric oxide in nasal chronic inflammation and polyposis / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

0.05); The concentrations of NO in nasal polyp tissues was higher than that of the nasal mucosa in control group(P

The questionnaire survey of children allergic rhini-tis in Nanjing / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

0.05). Ac-cording to the classification criteria of ARIA in 2001, 26 children suffered from intermittent A(R22 mild cases,4 moderate-severe cases),while 22 suf-fered from persistent AR(10 mild cases,12 mod-erate-severe cases). Forty percent patients with AR also had bronchial asthma. Domestic decora-tion was an important factor in the induction of AR and 27.1% of the children with AR had inher-ent predisposition. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of AR in children aged from 9 to 10 in Nanjing is 5.1 %. Strategy of prevention and treatment of AR should beworked out according to the epidemic feature of AR.

Sampledrawing from animal models of allergic airway inflammation / 医学研究生学报

Objective: Sampledrawing is an important procedure in the study of allergic airway inflammation.The authors investigate the methods of drawing samples from the animals with allergic airway inflammation.Methods: We included in this study 20 Guinea pigs,10 rats and 20 mice,which underwent trachea incision,followed by bronchoalveolar and rhinal lavage and collection of the lavage fluids.Then we collected blood samples via the heart from the guinea pigs and rats and via both the heart and the eyes from the mice,and obtained the tissues of the nasal cavities and lungs by different methods.Results: All the samples were satisfactorily obtained from the animals,and 80% of the bronchoalveolar and rhinal lavage fluids were collected.Conclusion: Different methods should be adopted to suit different sampledrawing from the animal models of allergic airway inflammation.

Advances in the image anatomy of the frontal recess / 医学研究生学报

Frontal recess locates at the anterosuperior part of the ethmoidal labyrinth,the anatomical structure of which is most complicated. The acknowledgement of this area is fundamental for the endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. With the development of technology,images of the computed tomography can display more delicate micro structure of the anatomy. So we can study the frontal recess anatomy in detail with the technique. This study reviewed the current research on the image anatomy of the frontal recess.

Correlation of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis with lower airway inflammatory diseases / 医学研究生学报

0.05). Conclusion: Although the mechanism of the correlation between upper and lower airway inflammatory diseases is not yet clear,chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis may share some characteristics in involving the lower airway.

Endoscopic anatomy of tristar of grooves / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the features of ostiomeatal complex under endoscopic observation,so as to provide reliable landmarks for a safe and perfect endoscopic sinus surgery.Methods Twelve heads from adult cadavers(8 males and 4 females) were split axially on midline with the nasal septum removed,and nasal endoscopic operation was performed for the observation of tristar of groove with professional surgical instruments on anterior ethmoid,frontal sinus and maxillory sinus.Results The tristar of groove was consisted of beak of the ethmoidal bulla and its prolonging process,apex of the uncinate process and anterior peak of the middle turbinate,at the region of frontal recess.The structures called meatal groove,uncinate groove and bullar groove were observed around the ethmoidal bulla and the tristar of groove located at their origination.Under endoscopic view these structures looked like a triangular clefts,so it was named.The cells of the meatal groove located anteromedially to the tristar,the cells of the uncinate groove were anterolateral and just inferoposterior to the meatal groove,those of the bullar groove superoposteriorly located to the cells of the uncinate groove.The ostia of these cells were constant and did not connect each other,their locations at the tristar of grooves were fixed relatively.Conclusion Tristar of grooves is a key area for endoscopic frontal sinusotomy.Due to the great structural variations,the constant landmarks,which can be seen under sinus endoscope,and the regular pattern of the nasal sinuses distribution are important and can guide the endoscopic sinus surgery.

Application of Multi-slice Spiral Computed Tomographic Scan in Rhinology / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT in nasal endoscopic surgery.Methods The multi-slice spiral CT data of 232 patients who were scanned prior to nasal endosopic surgery were analyzed.Results The nasal and sinus disease could be diagnosed correctly with multi-slice spiral CT.The ostiomeatal complex and the channels of the frontal sinus' drainage could be showed clearly.All the manifestation of the multi-slice spiral CT was in correspondence with the endoscopy showed in the surgery.Conclusion The multi-slice CT has the advantages of short scan time,less radiation dosage and multiplanar reconstruction.So it can display the nasal and sinus structures in detail,and has a great value in guiding the nasal endoscopic surgery.