Corrective Rhinoplasty Through the Correction of Combined Deformities / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recently, the demand for corrective rhinoplasty has increased due to a higher frequency of accidents as well as improved socioeconomic status. Thus, there is an increased interest in the correction of deviated noses in the otorhinolaryngologic field. This study offers a clinical analysis of our experiences in the corrective rhinoplasty and makes a case that the simultaneous correction method by the exteral approach is suitable for combined deformities of the nose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 69 patients who underwent corrective rhinoplasty during the last four years. Initially, patients were put under general anesthesia, and the procedures were performed through the external approach. Following the initial corrective rhinoplasty was a simultaneous correction of combined deformities of the nose such as deviated noses with saddle deformity or hump nose or camouflage of the deviation with one or two straight layered cartilage on the nasal dorsum. RESULTS: Satisfactory results were achieved in most cases except in the two cases of incomplete correction, one case of cosmetical unsatisfaction and one case of intermittent nasal obstruction. CONCLUSION: Deviated noses frequently have combined deformities. For better results, it is necessary to correct combined deformities simultaneously. The authors obtained satisfactory results through simultaneous correction of complicated deformities using the external approach.

Reduction Rhinoplasty Using Augmentation of Nasal Tip and Nasion / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A successful reduction rhinoplasty would require more than a hump removal, since most of the patients show drooped nasal tips with an acute naso-frontal angle. For better results, therefore, the patients also need to receive a stronger cephalic rotation of the nasal tip as well as augmentation of the nasion. In order to perform such combined procedures, the external rhinoplasty approach is considered to be suitable for correcting hump noses since this approach provides a better visual field. This report analyses reduction rhinoplasty using augmentation of nasal tip and nasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 46 patients who underwent reduction rhinoplasty from Jan 1994 through May 1997. Almost all of the cases were performed by using the external approach. RESULTS: Reduction rhinoplasty using the external approach of tip projection and augmentation of the nasion following the hump removal gave satisfactory results. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the external approach of augmentation of the nasal tip and the nasion offers satisfactory outcome in reduction rhinoplasty.

Standards of Photography in Rhinoplasty / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In rhinoplasty, it is essential to take photographs in order to make preoperative plans and postoperative evaluations. However, for Asians, standardized rules or important photographic points in taking pictures in rhinoplasty have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to standardize photography in rhinoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a 35 mm single lens reflex camera with 105 mm macro lens, the authors took pitures of various postures, such as close-up frontals, close-up profiles, chin on chest views, as well as conventional postures such as frontal, profile, oblique, and basal. The Frankfort plane was utilized for all frontal and lateral views. The plane was kept horizontal and centered for all photographs. The vertical axis may be checked by aligning it with the midsaggital plane on the frontal view. The oblique photograph is standardized by ligning the tip of the nose with the outline of the cheek. A close up of the nose from frontal and profile views should include the eyebrow and the lips. RESULTS: A close-up frontal and chin on chest views gave more detailed information about the nasal dorsum and the width of alar flare. A close-up profile views were found to be the most suitable for evaluating the nasal tip. It was possible to evaluate preoperative and postoperative results objectively by using the standardized photographs described here. CONCLUSION: Preoperative and postoperative photographs are important in providing good results in rhinoplasty. The use of photographs can also provide grounds for objective comparisons between the works of different plastic surgeons. More studies are needed to complete photographic standardization and the present study contributes to this cause.

Rhinoplasty through the External Approach / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND: Rhinoplasty surgeons have a choice of several approaches to the nose. The approaches can conveniently be divided into external and intranasal techniques. We prefer the external approach to the intranasal approach because the former provides better operative fields and more complete correction. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this report is to analyze the experiences of rhinoplasty through the external approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 119 patients who underwent rhinoplasty using the external approach from January of 1994 through March of 1997. RESULTS: This procedure has been used in all kinds of deformities even though most of them overlapped: 54 cases of crooked nose, 57 cases of saddle nose, 5 cases of hump nose and 3 cases of tip surgery. CONCLUSION: The exact procedures of cosmetic nasal tip surgery can be performed more easily by the external approach. The disadventages of this procedure, which is the columellar scar, longer operation time and post-operative edema, are neglible.