RESUMEN
Gout is a metabolic disease closely associated with hyperuricemia and urate deposition. Because of the complex pathogenesis， high morbidity， multiple complications， and increasingly young patients， gout has received worldwide attention. Currently， western medicine mainly treats gout by lowering the uric acid level and reducing inflammation， which， however， causes serious adverse reactions and has contraindications. Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex （PCC） is the dried bark of Phellodendron chinense， with the effects of clearing heat， drying dampness， purging fire， detoxifying， and treating sores. Studies have shown that PCC and its active components have anti-inflammatory， pain-relieving， uric acid-lowering， and anti-gout activities， with extensive sources and high safety. PCC and its active components could prevent and treat gout through multi-targets and multi-pathways， whereas the systematic review remains to be carried out. Therefore， this paper summarized the pharmacological activities and mechanisms of PCC and its active components in the treatment of gout. The available studies have shown that PCC and its active components exert the anti-gout effect by lowering the uric acid level， reducing inflammation， alleviating oxidative stress， and regulationg intestinal flora， and protecting the kidneys. Particularly， the active components represented by alkaloids contribute obviously to the therapeutic effect of of PCC. Herein， we analyzed the problems and future development of the research on PCC， aiming to provide theoretical support and a scientific basis for the research and development of new drugs against gout.
RESUMEN
ObjectiveTo establish a rapid screening method for influenza virus neuraminidase（NA） inhibitors sourced from Chinese medicines based on fluorescence detection. MethodThe method was constructed based on the principle that after the reaction of the test sample and a certain amount of NA， the activity of some NA will be inhibited by the test sample， and the NA that is still active after the addition of the substrate can generate fluorescence at a specific wavelength when combined with the fluorescent substrate， and the inhibition rate of the test sample on NA was calculated according to the measured fluorescence intensity， so as to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of the test sample on NA. A total of 49 high-purity chemical components from 12 Chinese medicines were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-NA activity by the established method. The theoretical calculated values of binding energy and inhibition constant after docking between the NA protein receptor and the test sample were used to prove the accuracy of the experimental results. The established method was applied to detect the in vitro NA inhibitory activity of different batches of Banlangen granules and Kangbingdu granules， so as to evaluate the quality consistency among different batches of samples. ResultThe methodological examination results showed that the method had good accuracy and repeatability. The screening results of 49 components showed that 22 of them had strong in vitro inhibitory activity against NA than peramivir ［half inhibitory concentration（IC50） was 131.2 μmol·L-1］， such as schaftoside， isoorientin， chebulinic acid， menthone and isoschaftoside. The inhibitory activity of the remaining 27 components was weaker than that of peramivir. The molecular docking results showed that the theoretical calculation results of binding energies and inhibition constants of most compounds were basically consistent with the experimental results. The test results of the inhibitory activity of 12 batches of Banlangen granules on NA showed that the quality consistency among samples A1， A2， B2， C1， C2， E2 and F2 was good. The analysis results of the inhibitory activity of 9 batches of Kangbingdu granules produced by the same manufacturer on NA showed that the inhibitory rates of samples K1 to K9 were 37.68%， 36.18%， 31.37%， 33.98%， 40.36%， 33.76%， 40.69%， 41.08%， 40.06% when the concentration of 0.02 g·mL-1， and the average inhibitory rate was 37.24%. ConclusionIn this paper， we successfully established an analytical method that can be used to rapidly evaluate whether Chinese medicines （derived from chemical components of traditional Chinese medicine or proprietary Chinese medicines） have in vitro anti-NA activity， which can be a powerful supplement to the existing screening methods for influenza virus NA inhibitors. And this method was used to screen 22 compounds from 12 Chinese medicines with good in vitro inhibitory activity against NA， which can provide candidate compounds for the development of anti-influenza small molecule drugs.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To explore the preliminary application effect of real-time fluorescence recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) in the detection of Candida albicans.@*Methods@#(1) Candida albicans standard strain and negative control bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Candida glabrata standard strains of respectively 1 mL were collected and their DNA were extracted by yeast/bacterial genomic kit. The specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and real-time fluorescence RPA in detecting Candida albicans were analyzed. (2) One Candida albicans standard strain and one negative control bacteria of Candida glabrata standard strain were collected, resuscitated, and counted. Candida albicans was diluted 10 times to 1×107 to 1×101 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL. The DNA of the two bacteria were extracted as experiment (1). The sensitivity of PCR, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and real-time fluorescence RPA in detecting Candida albicans were analyzed. The number of cycles for amplification curve to reach the threshold in real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and time of appearance of specific amplification curve in real-time fluorescence RPA were recorded and compared with the results in PCR. The detection limit and rate of the above-mentioned 3 methods in detecting Candida albicans were analyzed, and the correlation between concentration of Candida albicans in real-time fluorescence RPA and detection time was analyzed. (3) One standard strain of Candida albicans was collected, and the DNA was extracted as experiment (1) and detected by PCR, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and real-time fluorescence RPA. The total detection time of the above-mentioned 3 methods was recorded, respectively. (4) The DNA of 31 clinical samples of suspected Candida albicans infection and 1 clinical sample of Candida albicans collected from cotton swab were extracted, PCR and real-time fluorescence RPA were carried out, and the positive detection rates of the above-mentioned methods were calculated. The DNA of the clinical samples with positive results in both PCR and real-time fluorescence RPA were extracted by yeast/bacterial genomic kit, chelex-100 boiling method, and repeatedly freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen method, and real-time fluorescence RPA and PCR were carried out. The negative control bacteria was Candida glabrata in real-time fluorescence RPA, while negative control bacteria in PCR were the same as experiment (1). The positive results in PCR and real-time fluorescence RPA were observed and time for amplification curve to reach the fluorescence threshold in real-time fluorescence RPA was recorded, respectively. Data were processed with linear correlation analysis and t test.@*Results@#(1) Three methods showed positive results in detecting standard strain of Candida albicans, and none of the 5 negative control bacteria showed positive results. (2) As the concentration of bacterial solution of Candida albicans decreased, the number of cycles for the amplification curve to reach the threshold increased in real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, the time for appearance of specific amplification curve prolonged in real-time fluorescence RPA, and brightness of the gel strip weakened in PCR. None of the negative control bacteria in the above-mentioned 3 detection methods showed corresponding positive results. The detection limit of Candida albicans in real-time fluorescence RPA, PCR, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was 1×101 CFU/mL. There was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of Candida albicans and the detection time in real-time fluorescence RPA (r=-0.95, P<0.01). The positive detection rates of PCR and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR for Candida albicans of 1×101 to 1×107 CFU/mL were 100%. The positive detection rate of real-time fluorescence RPA for Candida albicans of 1×101 CFU/mL was 78%, and the positive detection rate of real-time fluorescence RPA for Candida albicans of 1×102 to 1×107 CFU/mL was 100%. (3) The total time of PCR, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and real-time fluorescence RPA detection for Candida albicans was 133, 93, and 35 min, respectively. (4) The positive detection rate of real-time fluorescence RPA for 31 clinical samples of suspected Candida albicans infection was 32.26% (10/31), which was slightly lower than 35.48% (11/31) of PCR. Eleven clinical samples showed positive results both in real-time fluorescence RPA and PCR detection. No positive result was observed in the negative control bacteria detected both by real-time fluorescence RPA and PCR. The DNA was extracted by yeast/bacterial genomic extraction kit and chelex-100 boiling method for real-time fluorescence RPA detection. The time for the amplification curve to reach the threshold was (438±13) and (462±12) s, respectively, which was close (t=1.32, P>0.05). The DNA was extracted by repeatedly freeze-thawing with liquid nitrogen method for real-time fluorescence RPA, and the time for the amplification curve to reach the threshold in real-time fluorescence RPA was (584±15) s, which was significantly longer than that in the other 2 methods (t=7.55, 6.39, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#Real-time fluorescence RPA has advantages of rapid detection, simple operation, high sensitivity, and good specificity in detecting Candida albicans, which is worthy of clinical application.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To establish an optimized method of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to rapidly detect Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinic.@*Methods@#(1) The DNA templates of one standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was extracted and detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and RPA. Time of sample loading, time of amplification, and time of detection of the three methods were recorded. (2) One standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain was diluted in 7 concentrations of 1×107, 1×106, 1×105, 1×104, 1×103, 1×102, and 1×101 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL after recovery and cultivation. The DNA templates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and negative control strain Pseudomonas putida were extracted and detected by PCR, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and RPA separately. The sensitivity of the three methods in detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed. (3) The DNA templates of one standard Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and four negative control strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumanii, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas putida) were extracted separately, and then they were detected by PCR, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and RPA. The specificity of the three methods in detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa was analyzed. (4) The DNA templates of 28 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa preserved in glycerin, 1 clinical strain of which was taken by cotton swab, and negative control strain Pseudomonas putida were extracted separately, and then they were detected by RPA. Positive amplification signals of the clinical strains were observed, and the detection rate was calculated. All experiments were repeated for 3 times. Sensitivity results were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 5.01 statistical software.@*Results@#(1) The loading time of RPA, PCR, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa were all 20 minutes. In PCR, time of amplification was 98 minutes, time of gel detection was 20 minutes, and the total time was 138 minutes. In real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, amplification and detection could be completed simultaneously, which took 90 minutes, and the total time was 110 minutes. In RPA, amplification and detection could also be completed simultaneously, which took 15 minutes, and the total time was 35 minutes. (2) Pseudomonas putida did not show positive amplification signals or gel positive results in any of the three detection methods. The detection limit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and PCR was 1×101 CFU/mL, and that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in RPA was 1×102 CFU/mL. In RPA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, the higher the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the shorter threshold time and smaller the number of cycles, namely shorter time for detecting the positive amplified signal. In real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, all positive amplification signal could be detected when the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1×101-1×107 CFU/mL. In RPA, the detection rate of positive amplification signal was 0 when the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1×101 CFU/mL, while the detection rate of positive amplification signal was 67% when the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1×102 CFU/mL, and the detection rate of positive amplification signal was 100% when the concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1×103-1×107 CFU/mL. (3) In RPA, PCR, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed positive amplification signals and gel positive results, but there were no positive amplification signals or gel positive results in four negative control strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas putida. (4) In RPA, 28 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa preserved in glycerin and 1 clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa taken by cotton swab showed positive amplification signals, while Pseudomonas putida did not show positive amplification signal. The detection rate of positive amplification signal of 29 clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in RPA was 100%.@*Conclusions@#The established optimized RPA technology for fast detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires shorter time, with high sensitivity and specificity. It was of great value in fast detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in clinic.
RESUMEN
The Influence of new medical model on the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound,the function and principle of Chinese herbal compound,the special consideration on pharmacological evaluation of TCM compound prescription,and the important role of pharmacology evaluation on TCM compound were discussed.
RESUMEN
In this research,Microtox technology was used to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of Shen-Fu injection,which was an exclusive product of the pharmaceutical company.Firstly,vibrio fischeri was used as test strain.The best test system and methodology were identified.Under the best test conditions,vibrio fischeri was firstly used in the luminescent bacteria comprehensive toxicity of the exclusive product Shen-Fu injection.The results showed that in the 2 mL reaction system,the best recovery liquid volume was 0.9 mL/ freeze-dried vial,50 μL bacterial suspensions/ sample,the detection time was 10 min after adding bacterial suspensions,the pH was 5-10,the luminous intensity was 800 000-12 000 000 for 10 rin.The RSD of replication experiment and intermediate precision test was ? and ?,respectively,which fitted to the requirements.There was no significant difference on EC50 values among 9 batches of tested Shen-Fu injection (41.07％,RSD ＜ 5％).It was concluded that there was significant concentration-effect relationship between Shen-Fu injection and the toxicity of vibrio fischeri.There was no significant difference on EC50 values among different batches.It indicated that there was small quality volatility among different batches of Shen-Fu injection.The control on product manufacturing was strong.
RESUMEN
This study aimed at exploring a new method--microtox technology to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of safflower injections from different drug manufacturers.In the experiment,we investigated the characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) under different conditions,and then locked the optimum parameters for safflower injection assay:recovery liquid volume 0.9 mL in freeze-dried vial,50 μL bacteria suspension in each sample,and the detection time of 10 mins after adding the bacteria suspension.Under this optimum detection condition,we found that the EC50 values were 3.36％,5.58％ and 4.33％,being significantly different between 3 representative drug manufacturers (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,it was implied that the biological detection standards of safflower injections need improving,while the microtox-based fast test of the comprehensive toxicity of safflower injection showed a favorable and prospective application to controlling the product qualities of different manufacturers.
RESUMEN
In this research,we chiefly explored a new fast test method--microtox technology to evaluate the comprehensive toxicity of Shen Mai injection.We investigated characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) under different conditions in the pursuit of the optimum test parameters of the reliable method;and then locked the best parameters for Shen Mai injection assay with the products from different manufacturers by microtox fast test.As a result,the optimum reaction condition included 0.9 mL recovery liquid in each freeze-dried vial and 50 μL bacteria suspension of each sample within 2 mL solution in aggregate with 10-mins detection after adding bacteria suspension which pH value ranging from 5 to 10 and luminous intensity from 0.8 to 1.2 million in 10 mins.The relative standard deviation values of replication experiment and precision test were all below 15％.Under this optimum detection condition,it was found that the EC50 values were 35.60％,92.34％ and 146.57％,differing among the samples from three representative drug manufacturers,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).In conclusion,the concentration-effect relationship of Shen Mai injection existed in the toxicity assessment of vibrio fischeri with various ECs0 values from the three manufacturers.These results suggested that biological detection standards of Shen Mai injection presented great growth potential.Microtox-based fast test in the evaluation of comprehensive toxicity of ShenMai injection showed favorable application prospects over controlling the quality of different sources of products.
RESUMEN
This study aimed at exploring the application of microtox technology to the evaluation of comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injections.Characteristic parameters of vibrio fischeri (CS234) were measured by methodology inspection under different conditions to optimize the reaction condition with reliable technology.It was the first experiment to accomplish the comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injections from various manufacturers using vibrio fischeri under the target condition.It was found that parameters of the optimum condition contained 0.9 mL recovery liquid volume in each freeze-dried vial and 50 μ L bacteria suspension of each sample,being included in 2 mL solution in aggregate under 10 mins' detection time after adding bacteria suspension with the favorable pH value ranging from 5 to 10 and luminous intensity from 0.8 to 1.2 million within 10 mins.The relative standard deviation values of replication experiment and precision test were all below 15％.Under this optimum detection condition,it was found that the EC50 values were 22.10％,34.10％ and 46.04％,respectively,presenting significant statistical differences (P＜0.05).These results demonstrated that the growth of biological detection standards of Sheng Mai injection was highlighted a long way to go.Besides,the microtox-based fast test for the evaluation of the comprehensive toxicity of Sheng Mai injection showed a prospective application to controlling the quality of different products from manufacturers.
RESUMEN
Microtox technology is one of quick toxicity test methods for determining the poisonous or toxic substances in the environment by luminous bacteria as a indicator organism.This paper reviewed the appearance and development of microtox technology.Besides,we expounded the methods and stepwise technique map and addressed key questions of microtox technology for the evaluation of the comprehensive toxicity of Chinese medicinal materials.In conclusion,microtox technology is a promising method from a vantage point of the toxicity detection of Chinese medicinal materials.
RESUMEN
Toxic classification of traditional Chinese medicine, as a contribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to the recognition of medicinal toxicity and rational use of medicinal materials by Chinese people, is now a great issue related to safe medication, sustainable development and internationalization of Chinese medicine. In this article, the origination and development of toxic classification theory was summarized and analyzed. Because toxic classification is an urgent issue related to TCM industrialization, modernization and internationalization, this article made a systematic analysis on the nature and connotation of toxic classification as well as risk control for TCM industry due to the medicinal toxicity. Based on the toxic studies, this article made some recommendations on toxic classification of Chinese medicinal materials for the revision of China Pharmacopeia (volume 1). From the aspect of scientific research, a new technical guideline for research on toxic classification of Chinese medicine should be formulated based on new biological toxicity test technology such as Microtox and ADME/Tox, because the present classification of acute toxicity of mice/rats can not met the modern development of Chinese medicine any more. The evaluation system and technical SOP of TCM toxic classification should also be established, and they should well balance TCM features, superiority and international requirements. From the aspect of medicine management, list of toxic medicines and their risk classification should be further improved by competent government according to scientific research. In China Pharmacopeia (volume I), such descriptions of strong toxicity, toxicity or mild toxicity should be abandoned when describing medicine nature and flavor. This revision might help promote TCM sustainable development and internationalization, and enhance the competitive capacity of Chinese medicine in both domestic and international market. However, description of strong toxicity, toxicity or mild toxicity might be used when making cautions for the medicine, stating that the description is based on Chinese classic works. In this way, TCM traditional theory might be inherited and features of Chinese medicine maintained and reflected. Besides, modern findings should be added to the cautions, including dose-response relationship, toxic mechanism, and toxic elements. The traditional toxic descriptions and modern findings, as a whole, can make the caution clear and scientific, and then promote safe medication and TCM modernization and internationalization.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Ratas , China , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Historia , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Clasificación , Historia , Toxicidad , Historia Antigua , Medicina Tradicional China , Historia , Farmacología , HistoriaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the toxicity of water extracts from the fruits of Evodia Fructus in different producing areas.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compare the toxicity of the extracts from different Evodia Fructus on mice by the methods of acute and subacute toxicity test. The mice were given the extracts for 1 d to test the maximal tolerance dose (MTD) or maximal dose and observe the acute toxic symptoms; The mice were given the extracts for 15 d and then detected the level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG). The liver index was calculated, and the liver histological changes were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The MTD of water extracts from the fruits of Evodia Fructus is 62, 44.8, 35.84 g x kg(-1); the MTD of Evodia Fructus is 56, 44. 8, 35.84 g x kg(-1); the maximal dose of Evodia Fructus is 60, 54, 45 g x kg(-1). The toxic symptoms of the mice which had been given the nine samples were almost consistent. Compared with the control group in subacute toxicity test, the level of serum ALT and the liver index were all increased. The liver histological were changed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When water extracts from the fruits of Evodia Fructus are given to mice one or more times. It may be toxic and induce liver damage. There is no significant correlation between the toxicity and Evodia orgins, while the toxicity seems to be more closely related to the producing area.</p>
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Alanina Transaminasa , Sangre , Aspartato Aminotransferasas , Sangre , China , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Metabolismo , Toxicidad , Evodia , Química , Frutas , Química , Hígado , Metabolismo , Triglicéridos , SangreRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To comparative study the acute toxicity of four extracts from Xanthii Fructus in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Observed the toxic manifestations in mice which were given the four extracts by intragastric administration and calculated the LD50 of the four extracts from Xanthii Fructus.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The toxic manifestations of the mice given water extract by intragastric administration were repose, pilo-erection, cyanosis, intention tremor, respiratory inhibition, loss of righting reflex and convulsion . The toxic manifestations of the mice given ethanol extract by intragastric administration were repose, abdominal respiration, intention tremor, intermittent convulsions, incontinence. The LD50 of Xanthii Fructus processed water extract, processed ethanol extract, crude water extract, crude ethanol extract were material drug 155.93, 317.80, 167.6, 275.41 g x kg(-1), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The acute toxicity of water extract is distinctly stronger than that of ethanol extract, but there is no marked distinguish between crude and processed extract.</p>
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Química Farmacéutica , Métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Toxicidad , Frutas , Química , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Reflejo de Enderezamiento , Respiración , Xanthium , QuímicaRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the protective effect of Shaoganduogan (SGDG) on serum transaminase, liver pathology and hepatocyte mitochondria in rat with subacute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Subacute liver injury of rats were induced by carbon tetrachloride, and cured by different doses of SGDG through intragastric administration. The activity of serum ALT, AST, liver pathology and ultrastructure, activity of ATPase, SOD and content of MDA of hepatocyte mitochondria were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>SGDG can remarkably reduce the transaminase, alleviate the degeneration and necrosis of liver cells ,enhance activity of Na+ -K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, SOD, reduce content of MDA of mitochondria, alleviate ultrastructure change of mitochondria, reduce section area, perimeter equivalent diameter and average optical density perimeter of liver cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SGDG has obvious effect of liver protection, the mechanisms are related with alleviating mitochondria injury.</p>
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Tetracloruro de Carbono , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas , Patología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Farmacología , Hepatocitos , Patología , Malondialdehído , Metabolismo , Mitocondrias , Metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the transportation of Xiaochaihu Tang in Caco-2 cell model.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The safety concentration of Xiaochaihu Tang in Caco-2 cells was determined by MTT assay. Then the Caco-2 cell model was used to investigate the bi-directional transportation of Xiaochaihu Tang. The multicomponents of Xiaochaihu Tang and the influence of time were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The P(app) values of wogonoside and wogonin were (1.23 +/- 0.09) x 10(-6), (1.07 +/- 0.89) x 10(-5) cm x s(-1) from the AP side to BL side, and (2.12 +/- 0.19) x 10(-6) and (7.12 +/- 1.02) x 10(-6) cm x s(-1) from the BL side to AP side, respectively. The P(appAP --> BL)/P(app BL --> AP) ratio of wogonoside and wogonin were 0.58 and 1.49, respectively. Baicalin, baicalein and glycyrrhizic acid could not permeate the Caco-2 cell model.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transportation of wogonoside and wogonin in Caco-2 cell model may be a passive transportation.</p>
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Transporte Biológico Activo , Células CACO-2 , Metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Farmacocinética , Flavanonas , Metabolismo , Flavonoides , Metabolismo , Glucósidos , Metabolismo , Ácido Glicirrínico , MetabolismoRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC-PDA method for the determination of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiaochaihu Tang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Symmetry Shield RP18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5.0 microm) was used with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.01% H3PO4 in gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 251 nm,the flow rate was 0.45 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was maintained at 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and linearity of this method met the requirements. The contents of the five effective fractions were determined simultaneously.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is rapid,simple and accurate and it can be suitable for the determination of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, wogonin and glycyrrhizic acid in Xiaochaihu Tang simultaneously.</p>
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Química , Flavanonas , Flavonoides , Glucósidos , Ácido Glicirrínico , Indicadores y Reactivos , Medicina Tradicional China , Rehmannia , Química , Espectrofotometría Ultravioleta , Métodos , Tecnología FarmacéuticaRESUMEN
The basic situation of formation and development of toxicity theory of traditional Chinese medicine in China was systematically summarized in this paper. A new "Network regulation theory" hypothesis about of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine was firstly proposed and provided scientific bases for the clinic application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Medicina Tradicional China , Modelos Biológicos , Red NerviosaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Zangfukong suppository on the experimental vaginitis.METHODS:The experimental rats were equally assigned to 6 groups: normal control group,model control group,gyno-daktarin(0.12 g?kg-1) group,three Zangfukang groups(0.33 g,0.17,and 0.08 crude drug? kg-1).Candida albicans solution was injected into the vigina of the estrous rats to establish colpomycosis model.The effect of Zangfukang suppository on the infection rate of candida albicans was observed.The bacterial vaginitis model was established by injecting the mixture bacteria of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli into the vagina of rats,and the effect of Zangfukang suppository on the gonococcal infection rate.RESULTS: After local application of Zangfukang suppository for 7 consecutive days for treatment of colpitis mycotica of rats,the infection rates of candida albicans were significantly lower in medium-dose and high-dose groups than in the model control group(P
RESUMEN
Purpose:To investigate the roles of artesunate on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric carcinoma cells,also to explore it s possible mechanism of anticancer effects. Methods:The inhibition on the proliferation of cultured stomach carcinoma cell line(MGC-803) was observed by using MTT analysis.and apo ptosis was assessed by flow cytometry together with transmission electron micros copy.Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction,the expression of sur vivin mRNA was evaluated before and after action of artesunate on malignant cell s. Results:The proliferation of MGC-803 was inhibited notably by artesunate with a dosage-dependant character(P
RESUMEN
Purpose:To detect the expression of a novel i nh ibitor gene of apoptosis,survivin,in gastric cancer and in gastric carcinoma MGC -803 cell line,also to analyze its correlation with the expression of COX-2. Methods:In 93 stomach carcinoma tissues and 20 normal gastric tissues , the expression o f survivin and COX-2 were examined by using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase (SP) method. Results:In contrast to negative expression in normal gastric mucosa,survivin was express ed in 66 of 93(71%) cases of gastric cancer samples,Overexpression of survivin i n gastric carcinoma MGC-803 cell line was also found,There was a relationship b etween survivin gene expression and degrees of differentiation,lymph node metast ases and TNM stages.The expression of survivin was positively correlated with th at of COX-2(liner index of Pearson=0.227 P