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Objective@#To learn the characteristics of injury cases caused by animals in Wenzhou and to provide the reference for injury prevention.@*Methods@#We collected the data of injury cases caused by animals in six sentinel hospitals in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2018,and analyzed the animal species,the severity and the location of injury. We conducted circular distribution method for the seasonal distribution features of injury cases. @*Results@#There were 3 743 cases caused by animals in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2018,with 2 045（54.64%）males and 1 698（45.36%）females. About 43.68%（1 635）of cases were 15-44 years old. About 31.66%（1 185）of cases were students and preschool children. There were 2 445 cases（65.32%）caused by dog and 3 212 cases（85.81%）occurred at home. The results of circular distribution analysis showed that the third quarter of a year was the peak time of injuries caused by animals（Z=251.32,P<0.05）,with 1 342 cases accounting for 35.85%. @*Conclusion@#Most injury cases in Wenzhou caused by animals are caused by dogs and occur at home in summer,affecting children and young adults.
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@#The parasitic infection is still a severe public health problem in developing countries，which threatens people’s health and social development. With the advances of molecular biology and immunology，more and more insights have been reached on the immunity and immunopathogenesis to parasitic infections. CD4+ T cells play a central role in the host’s immuno⁃ surveillance and immunoregulation. Traditionally，naive CD4+ T cells are considered to be able to differentiate into Th1 and Th2 cell subsets both in vivo and in vitro. These Th1 and Th2 cells secret diverse cytokine profiles to exert different functions. Later，two new subsets of CD4+ T cells，Th17 and Treg cells，have been discovered. They are completely different from traditional Th1 and Th2 cells with independent differentiation and regulation mechanism. Ample studies suggest that Treg and Th17 cells play a key role in a variety of parasitic diseases. Furthermore，Treg and Th17 cells have been got increasing attention for their involve⁃ment in the hygiene hypothesis. Based on the current advances of researches of Treg and Th17 cells，we make a brief review about immunomodulatory effects of these two subsets in parasitic infections as well as the hygiene hypothesis.
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Objective To investigate the efficiency of target gene transfection of the heart and liver after tail vein or intramyocardial injection of adenovirus vector (GFP-Ad).Methods GFP-AD was constructed at first.A total of 20 male 8-week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into tail vein injection of GFP-AD group and intramyocardial injection of GFP-AD group.The mRNA levels of GFP in the heart and liver tissues were detected by Q-PCR at different time points.Fluorescence microscopy was performed to visualize the expression of GFP fluorescence.Results Compared with the tail vein injection group, the GFP mRNA level in mouse heart tissue was apparently higher in the intramyocardial injection group.In both groups, the GFP mRNA levels in liver tissue were significantly increased compared with that in the heart tissue.In the tail vein injection group, the GFP mRNA level in liver tissue reached a peak on day 7;but in the intramyocardial injection group, the mRNA level of GFP in liver tissue reached apeak on day 3.We also observed the same trend of GFP fluorescence expression in the tail vein injection group compared with that in the intramyocardial injection group.Conclusions Intramyocardial injection of adenovirus vector is suitable to achieve a higher transfection efficiency in mouse heart tissue compared with the tail vein injection method.Although both injection methods are suitable for transfection of mouse liver, the tail vein injection method is preferential for it is simple and less invasive.
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The circulating antigens of Schistosoma japonicum and the antibodies against the worm in the sera of patients were detected concurrently by Dot-ELISA.In 30 sera from patients with acute schistosomiasis, 51 sera from patients with chronic schistosomiasis and 30 sera from patients being treated by praziquantel 5=6 years ago, the positive rates of the circulating antigens were 86.7%, 78.4% and 23.3% respectively, but all negative in 30 sera from patients with clonorchiasis sinensis. One of the 40 sera from healthy individuals had a weak positive reaction. The positive rates of the antibodies in those acute, chronic and treated patients with schistosomiasis were 100.0%,96.1% and 30.0%; the mean titers of antibodies were 1 : 367.6, 1 : 181.7 and 1 : 9.8 respectively; Two sera from patients with clonorchiasis were positive. All of the healthy individuals were negative.The results indicaded that the circulating antigen was in accord with the antibodies in most sera from schistosomiasis patients.