HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of oligosaccharide sites from mycelia of Hericium erinaceum solid cultures and Weilening Tablets / 中成药

AIM To establish the HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of oligosaccharide sites from mycelia of Hericium erinaceum solid cultures and Weilening Tablets.METHODS The analysis of aqueous extract from samples was performed on a 80 ℃ thermostatic Waters XBridge TM Amide column (4.6 mm × 150 mm,3.5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.2％ ammonium acetate flowing at 1 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS There were eight and nine common peaks in two HPLC-ELSD fingerprints with the similarties of 0.994-0.966 and 0.990-0.997,respectively.Three of them were mannitol,lactose and trehalose,which showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥ 0.999 0),the average recoveries were 95.08％-104.82％ with the RSDs of 1.12％-2.90％.CONCLUSION This simple and accurate method can be used for the rapid quality control of mycelia of Hericium erinaceum solid cultures and Weilening Tablets.

Effect of Zingiber offiicinale and Aconitum cainichaeli before and after compatibility on contents of four gingerols / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the synergistic mechanism of compatible use of two medicinal herbs, Zingiber offiicinale and Aconitum cainichaeli, by determining single decoction of Z. offiicinale and four gingerols (6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol) contained in compound decoction of Z. offiicinale and A. cainichaeli of different compatibility ratio using HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kromasil-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% aqueous acetic acid (A) for gradient elution (0-30 min, 40%-90% B; 30-35 min, 90%-40% B). The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 275 nm. The column temperature was 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The four gingerols were in baseline separation, with a good linearity (r > 0.999), an average recovery of 100.9% -103.5% and RSD < 3.0%. Compared with the single decoction of Z. offiicinale, the content of gingerols in the compound decoction of Z. offiicinale and A. cainichaeli was on the rise and in direct proportion with the increase in the volume of A. cainichaeli.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synergistic mechanism of the compatibility of Z. offiicinale and A. cainichaeli can be proved with the increased release of gingerols from Z. offiicinale.</p>

Variation regularity of chemical constituents contained in Euphorbia ebracteolata before and after roasting with vinegar / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the variation regularity of chemical constituents contained in Euphorbia ebracteolata after vinegar processing.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The colorimetric method was adopted for determining the variation of total lactone content in toxic constituents contained in E. ebracteolata decoction, with Kedde as the coloring reagent. The HPLC method was used for detecting the content variation of jolkinolide B and jolkinolide C, both were active constituents contained in E. ebracteolata decoction, before and after roasting with vinegar, in which Kromasil-ODS column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with the detection wavelength of 290 nm, column temperature at 25 degrees C , gradient elution with acetonitrile and water and the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After roasting with vinegar, the total lactone content in E. ebracteolata was reduced from 0.60 to 0.45 mg x g(-1) , with active constituents, jolkinolide B and jolkinolide C, increased to varying degrees. The established chromatographic fingerprint contained risk information and could reflect the overall variation regularity of chemical constituents after roasting with vinegar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The chemical constituents of E. ebracteolata show significantly changes, especially a reduced toxicity, after roasting with vinegar. The increase in its efficacy may be related to the variation of these constituents.</p>

Simultaneous determination of six flavonoids in Hyperici Japonici Herba by HPCE-DAD / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a high performance capillary electrophoresis method with diode array detection (HPCE-DAD) for simultaneous determination of rutin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, quercitrin, kaempferol and quercetin in Hyperici Japonici Herba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Based on the mode of capillary zone electrophoresis, 40 mmol x L(-1) borax was used as buffer solution (pH 8.62), uncoated fused silica capillary (56 cm x 64.5 cm x 75 microm) was used, separation voltage was 25 kV, detection wavelength was at 206 nm, column temperature was maintained at 25 degrees C, and sample was injected at 50 mbar, 8 s.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six flavonoids showed good linearity (r > 0.9953) in the range of the tested concentration, the average recoveries of the method were between 98.8%-102.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used for quality control of Hyperici Japonici Herba.</p>

Study on the expressed oil of Euphorbia before and after processing by GC-MS / 中成药

AIM: To compare the chemical compositions in the expressed oil from euphorbia before and after processing.METHODS: GC-MS was used to compare the chemical compositions in the expressed oil before and after processed euphorbia.RESULTS : Tirty-four chemical compounds were detected in the expressed oil of the raw and 30 of the processed.CONCLUSION: Processing has the major effect on the chemical compositions in the expressed oil of euphorbia.

Research on X-ray diffraction fingerprints of crude and processed pyritum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the X-ray diffraction fingerprints of crude and processed pyritum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>X-ray diffraction fingerprint was used to analyze the crude and processed pyritum of different habitat and batch.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The crude pyritum has 19 common peaks, while the processed ones has 11.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The X-ray diffraction can express characteristic of the crude and processed pyritum, which is specificity, accuracy and reliability and can be used for the quality control of crude and processed pyritum.</p>

Intestinal absorption of the effective components of Schisandra chinensis Baill by rats single-pass perfusion in situ / 药学学报

The aim of the study is to investigate rat intestinal absorption behavior of three main active components, schisandrol A, schisandrin A and schisandrin B in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts in intestine of rats. With phenol red as the indicator, in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used and the concentrations of three main active components in perfusion solution of different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were determined by HPLC in combination with diode array detection. The results showed that the absorption rate constant (Ka) and effective permeability values (Peff) of three main active components in Schisandra chinensis Baill extracts had significant difference (P 0.05). The absorption of the three active components displayed significant difference (P schisandrin B > schisandrol A in other intestinal segments, and there is significant difference (P < 0.05) between them.

Intestinal absorption properties of three components in salvianolic acid extract and the effect of borneol on their absorption in rats / 药学学报

This study aimed to investigate the effects of concentration, intestinal section and borneol on the intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids. The experiment not only studied the intestinal absorption properties of three concentrations of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid A at duodenum, jejunum and ileum, but also of salvianolic acids compatible with borneol at different concentrations using single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rat with phenol red as the marker. The results showed that salvianolic acids was stable under weak-acid condition and affected by metabolism enzyme; The Peff and Ka significantly different among three concentrations of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, whose intestinal absorption were saturated in high concentration, suggesting that the transport mechanisms of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B were similar to active transport or facilitated diffusion; However, there was inconspicuousness in the Peff and Ka of salvianolic acid A at different concentrations, whose absorption was not saturated in high concentration, indicating that the transport mechanisms of salvianolic acid A was passive diffusion; The Peff and Ka in the ileum obviously higher than those in the duodenum and jejunum, namely the ileum was the best absorption section; When concentration of borneol increased, the enhancing effect of intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids increased, but significantly decreased when borneol increased to some degree. The enhancing effect of medium borneol concentration was the optimum. This implied that borneol can enhance the intestinal absorption of salvianolic acids, and the capacity of enhancing effect was influenced by the concentration of borneol.

MEKC-DAD fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the analytical method for the fingerprint of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei by MEKC-DAD and compare the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed products.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Based on the mode of micellar electrokinetic chromatography, 25 mmol x L(-1) borax -25 mmol x L(-1) SDS-10% acetonitrile was selected for the running buffer (pH 9.2). The separation voltage was 12 kV and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Rhein was used as a reference standard, the chromatographic fingerprint was determined via the data analyzed by fuzzy cluster and fingerprint similarity evaluation software to compare the similarity of samples.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MEKC-DAD fingerprints with 11 common peaks of 10 batches of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei from the place of the genuine were established preliminarily. It was discovered that a small number of samples differed from others. Regarding to the fingerprints of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed products, there were obvious differences in the relative areas of common peaks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is reliable, accurate and can be used for quality control of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.</p>

Progressive studies on toxity of Strychons nuxvomica / 中国中药杂志

Strychons nuxvomica is widely used by clinic and individual owing to its officinal value. Since toxic dose and therapeutic dose are very close, the poisoning cases are reported frequently. In this review, based on the recent available papers published in the PubMed and CNKI about Strychons nuxvomica, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, we present the major current approaches in the field of composition, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, decreasing toxicity and increasing efficacy, in order to guide the use of S. nuxvomica in the clinic.

Study on Changes of Microelement Content in Crude and Calcined Pyritum / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of microelement in curde and calcined pyritum, and approach the process mechanism of pyritum. Methods The crude and calcined pyritum were extracted in water decocting. Subsequently, the content of ten elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) and compared. Results After being calcined, the content of Pb in pyritum decreased, while the content of the other nine elements investigated all increased in different degrees. Conclision After being calcined, the content of ten elements in pyritum changed largely.

Study on the expressed oil of Euphorbia before and after processing by GC-MS / 中成药

AIM:To compare the chemical compositions in the expressed oil from euphorbia before and after processing.METHODS:GC-MS was used to compare the chemical compositions in the expressed oil before and after processed euphorbia.RESULTS:Tirty-four chemical compounds were detected in the expressed oil of the raw and 30 of the processed.CONCLUSION:Processing has the major effect on the chemical compositions in the expressed oil of euphorbia.

Paeonia glycoside extracts coated sustained release pellets in vitro / 中成药

AIM:To explain the drug-release behavior of paeoniflorin from paeonia glycosides sustained-releasing pellets according to different coating material. METHODS: HPLC method was used to gain the fingerprint of pellets,paeoniflorin was sellected as marker to calculate the linear equation concerning peak area,and acquire relative drug-release. RESULTS: The releasing process of paeoniflorin and other constituents from paeonia glycosides fit in with peppas and Huguchi equation. CONCLUSION: The chromatographic peaks stand for paeonia glycosides can well elucidate the releasing behavior in vitro of paeonia glycosides sustained-releasing pellet.

Purification and assay of flavonoids in glycyrrhiza / 中成药

AIM:To investigate the process parameters of adsorbing and separating the total flavones of Radix et Rhizoma glycyrrhiae and its assay. METHODS: Chalcone that flavanone in Licorice root was converted into in alkaline condition was adopted as index and niaringoside as control,through polyamide treatment,alkaline colorimetty was used to determine chalcone content. RESULTS: Under the condtion,namely, ratio of quantity of Licorice root to polyamide was 2:1,ratio of column diameter to column heighth was 1:7,70%ethanol used to eluate,flavone extract was up to 45%with 90%eluting yield.The recoveny of assaying was 98.17%(RSD=2.00%). CONCLUSION: The purification and assay of Licorice flavonoids are reliable and efficacious.