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Objective@#To investigate routine blood test results and secular changes among Tibetan children and adolescents aged from 3 to 19 in the plateau, and to provide the basis for reference range of routine blood test for this population.@*Methods@#A total of 1 568 Tibetan children and adolescents aged from 3 to 19 living in Shigatse, Tibet were selected by cluster random sampling method. Routine blood test results and its secular trends were compared by age and gender.@*Results@#Significantly differences were found in red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil(NEU), neutrophil percentage (NEU%), lymphocyte(LYM), lymphocyte percentage(LYM%)，monocyte percentage(MON%)，eosinophil percentage(EOS%),basophil percentage(BAS%) and platelet(PLT) among the four age groups of 3-5, 6-12, 13-15, and 16-19 years ( F/H =60.22, 179.41, 249.45, 115.03, 74.90, 14.33 , 33.46, 78.90, 49.20, 97.29, 24.45,24.28,42.65,20.10, P <0.05). Among red blood cell indexes, RBC, HGB, HCT,MCH increased with age in boys( F =148.77, 493.04, 623.14, 249.92, P <0.05), but there was no similar trend in girls( F =1.37, 0.15, 2.94, 0.11, P >0.05). HCT showed significant sex differences among the four age groups of 3-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-15 years, and 16-19 years [(41.33±2.31)% vs (41.98±2.40)%; (43.28±2.60)% vs ( 43.75 ±2.36)%; (46.20±3.11)% vs (44.83±2.67)%; (51.10±4.15)% vs (43.61±4.70)%, t =-2.10, -2.88, 3.50, 10.82, P <0.05]. WBC, NEU, NEU%, LYM, LYM%, monocyte(MON), and MON% increased significantly with age in both boys and girls ( P <0.05). From the age of 12 to 13, RBC, HGB and HCT in Tibetan male and female adolescents showed an opposite trend and widened gradually.@*Conclusion@#Red blood cell index shows significantly different trends among Tibetan adolescents and children of different ages and genders. Regional nationality, age, gender, and other factors should be considered when developing the reference value range of blood routine index.
RESUMEN
Objective@#To investigate routine blood test results and secular changes among Tibetan children and adolescents aged from 3 to 19 in the plateau, and to provide the basis for reference range of routine blood test for this population.@*Methods@#A total of 1 568 Tibetan children and adolescents aged from 3 to 19 living in Shigatse, Tibet were selected by cluster random sampling method. Routine blood test results and its secular trends were compared by age and gender.@*Results@#Significantly differences were found in red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), white blood cell(WBC), neutrophil(NEU), neutrophil percentage (NEU%), lymphocyte(LYM), lymphocyte percentage(LYM%)，monocyte percentage(MON%)，eosinophil percentage(EOS%),basophil percentage(BAS%) and platelet(PLT) among the four age groups of 3-5, 6-12, 13-15, and 16-19 years ( F/H =60.22, 179.41, 249.45, 115.03, 74.90, 14.33 , 33.46, 78.90, 49.20, 97.29, 24.45,24.28,42.65,20.10, P <0.05). Among red blood cell indexes, RBC, HGB, HCT,MCH increased with age in boys( F =148.77, 493.04, 623.14, 249.92, P <0.05), but there was no similar trend in girls( F =1.37, 0.15, 2.94, 0.11, P >0.05). HCT showed significant sex differences among the four age groups of 3-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-15 years, and 16-19 years [(41.33±2.31)% vs (41.98±2.40)%; (43.28±2.60)% vs ( 43.75 ±2.36)%; (46.20±3.11)% vs (44.83±2.67)%; (51.10±4.15)% vs (43.61±4.70)%, t =-2.10, -2.88, 3.50, 10.82, P <0.05]. WBC, NEU, NEU%, LYM, LYM%, monocyte(MON), and MON% increased significantly with age in both boys and girls ( P <0.05). From the age of 12 to 13, RBC, HGB and HCT in Tibetan male and female adolescents showed an opposite trend and widened gradually.@*Conclusion@#Red blood cell index shows significantly different trends among Tibetan adolescents and children of different ages and genders. Regional nationality, age, gender, and other factors should be considered when developing the reference value range of blood routine index.
RESUMEN
Objective To analyze the dosimetric effect of the optimization tool, normal tissue objective (NTO), in Eclipse on the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for postoperative patients with rectal cancer. Methods Twenty postoperative patients with rectal cancer were randomly selected. Based on the Eclipse treatment planning system, three IMRT plans were formulated for each patient, with manual NTO as the control group, and automatic NTO and no NTO as the other two groups. The dosimetric parameters of the target volume and organs at risk (OAR) and the monitor units (MU) were compared between the automatic NTO and no NTO groups and the control group under the same optimization conditions. Results Compared with the control group, the automatic NTO group showed a worse conformity index (CI) (t = 3.248, P < 0.05), a 0.6% higher Dmean of normal tissues (t = -3.678, P < 0.05), and no significant difference in the dose to OAR and the MU (P > 0.05); the no NTO group showed a worse CI (t = 16.716, P < 0.05), a better homogeneity index (t = 6.594, P < 0.05), a 3.19% higher Dmean of normal tissues (t = -8.560, P < 0.05), no significant difference in the dose to OAR except the small intestine with higher Dmax (P > 0.05), and a 3.95% increase in the MU. Conclusion From the dosimetry results of the target volume and OAR, the plans with manual NTO and automatic NTO, and without NTO can meet clinical needs, but the plan without NTO increases the hot spots outside the target volume and the MU as well as the Dmean of normal tissues. Manual NTO has no obvious advantages over automatic NTO which is recommended for the fixed-field IMRT of rectal cancer.