[Association between hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils and metabolic syndrome among Tehranian adults: Tehran lipid and glucose study]

Introduction: In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome [MetS] in various countries shows a fast, rising trend, that can be caused by lifestyle changes, including changes in diet. Despite the possible association between dietary fats and the MetS receiving attention, limited studies have determined the association between oils [hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated] and the MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between hydrogenated and non-hydrogenated vegetable oils and the metabolic syndrome among Tehranian adults

Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study between 2005 and 2008, on 2457 adults, aged 19-84 years. Intakes of vegetable oils were assessed using a validated semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were assessed. The metabolic syndrome based on the definition of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity

Results: Mean age and BMI of participants was 39.3 years and 25.7 kg/m2, respectively. Median daily intakes of hydrogenated vegetable oils [HVOs] were 9.6 g/d and those of non-hydrogenated vegetable oils [NHVOs] were 6.0 g/d. Higher intakes of HVOs and NHVOs were associated with higher intakes of total energy intake, total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, fiber, vegetables, legumes, meat, poultry and fish and lower intake of carbohydrates. After controlling for potential confounders, compared to the lowest tertile of HVOs, odds ratio for metabolic syndrome in the highest tertile was 2.54 [95% CI: 1.53-4.23]. NHVOs were not associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome

Conclusions: HVOs intake was found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome among Tehranian adults

[ association between dairy intake and its nutrients with metabolic syndrome and its components: review article]

Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of dairy products plays an important role in prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this review article is to examine the relation between dairy intake and its nutrients with metabolic syndrome and its components. The key words "dairy", "calcium", "milk" with "metabolic syndrome", "cardiovascular disease", "obesity", "type 2 diabetes", "hypertension", "oxidative stress", "inflammation" were used for a search in the pub med database between 2000-2013. Appropriately designed epidemiological and interventional studies and review articles of quality were included. Most studies showed that dairy consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. Calcium, proteins, bioactive peptides and dairy fatty acids have protective effects on the metabolic syndrome. The main mechanism of calcium causing a decrease in a risk of metabolic syndrome is attributed to regulation of calcitrophic hormones, binding with bile acids, increased fecal fat excretion, regulation of intracellular calcium and change the metabolism of other electrolytes such as sodium. Milk protein, especially whey protein caused improved lipid profiles, hypertension, insulin sensitivity. Dairy fatty acids also improve oxidative stress, inflammation, inhibition of liver transcription factor and activates lipogenesis genes. Increased consumption of dairy products can decrease the incidence and development of metabolic syndrome and its components

[Food groups, inflammatory markers and the metabolic syndrome in adults]

Inflammation is a common recognized complication of metabolic syndrome. Our objective was to study the association between food groups, inflammatory markers and the metabolic syndrome in adults. This case control study was conducted on 80 subjects with metabolic syndrome as cases and 160 controls without the syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III. Anthropometric, biochemical profiles, blood pressure and inflammatory markers were documented. Statistical analysis were performed using logistic regression and linear regression. Legumes, fruits, dairy product and red meat were inversely and starchy vegatables were found to be positively associated with metabolic syndrome. After adjusment for confounding factors, legumes, fruits and dairy remained significant. Compared with the lowest quartile category odds ratio for Mets in the highest quartile of legumes and fruits intakes was 60% lower, after adjustment for confounding factors. Also compared with the lowest quartile category metabolic syndrome odds ratio in the highest quartile category of dairy was 40% lower. In the highest quartile category of fruit, dairy and legumes, hs-C Reactive Protein concentration was significantly lower, after adjustment for confounding factors. Fruit, dairy and legumes consumption were inversly associated with metabolic syndrome and hs-C Reactive Protein concentration in this group of adult Iranians

Menarcheal age of mothers and daughters: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

There is some evidence for a decreasing age of menarche in many populations. This study examined the secular trend of age at menarche among Iranian women. Age at menarche based on recall information was recorded for 770 pairs of mother and daughters. Between 1930 and 1990 mean menarcheal age of this cohort of women decreased from 13.88 to 12.98 years [-0.15 years per decade] and mean height of the cohort increased from 152.33 to 158.43 cm [+0.99 cm per decade]. There was a significant correlation between menarcheal age of mothers and their daughters [r = 0.27]. Year of birth, mother's menarcheal age and daughter's height were significant predictors of daughter's menarcheal age

[Comparing the glycemic index and some nutrient contents of two types of imported rice with a domestic rice]

Carbohydrate contents of different foods may have different effects on postprandial blood glucose. This study was done to measure and compare glycemic indices and some nutrients in three types of rices. This study was conducted to compare the glycemic effects of 50g carbohydrate in the Basmati, Kazemi and Sorna Perl types of rice in normal subjects. Thirty healthy subjects [13 male and 17 female], aged between 20-40 years, were selected, and were evaluated 4 times at 1 week intervals. On the first day, all subjects consumed 50 gram glucose; they were then divided into 3 groups. Each group consumed one of the 3 rice types, with 50g carbohydrate content each week. Blood samples were collected before and at 15,30,60 and 120 minutes, after taking glucose and rice. At the end of the experiment, all subjects received all three kinds of rice and the Gl was calculated for each rice as the ratio of the incremental area under the 3- hour glycemic response curve to rice, to the incremental area under the 3- hour glycemic response curve to sugar. The glycemic indices of Sorna Pearl, Kasemin and Basmati were 52/2 +/- 5/1, 67/6 +/- 13 and 61/2 +/- 6/1 respectively, the Gl of Sorna peri being lower than the others [p<0/05]. Maximum changes of blood sugar for Sorna Perl, Kasemi and Basmati were 21/8112, 27/4 +/- 6 and 31/7 +/- 5/9 mg/dl respectively. The results of this study indicate that in healthy of the 3 types of rice consumed subjects Sorna Perl had the lowest Gl and GL