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Salutary water supply is one of the most important challenges in emergency conditions. Salutary water is main agent in human healthy; especially in emergency conditions and water may polluted in main source, after infiltration, during reservation in consumption site or between these processes. While water is easily contaminated, cleaning and safe drinking makes it very difficult. Adequate water supply and emergency water and monitor water quality
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Desastres , Abastecimiento de AguaRESUMEN
Background: About 60% of body weight contains water. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of drinking water in military units. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on water specimen of military units. The specimen was sent to the quality for microbial and physio-chemical control lab related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The result was compared with the ISIRI number 1503 and 1014. Results: Our findings indicated that total hardness, Mg, So4 and Po4 of some military units were over the standard. Only in one unit a solar desalination was used and all parameters were under the standards. Conclusion: It is needed to improve the quality of drinking water in some units
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Background: In terms of primary evaluation, neurological disorders are known to have considerable importance. Materials and methods: This article has been update by searching in databases including: Scopuse, Medline, Embase and Aviation Medicine text books. Results: In this article we aimed to prepare an overview of neurology in aviation using current standard guidelines. These guidelines cover a range of neurological conditions such as: headache, seizures degeneration diseases, and peripheral neuropathy. Also, the role of routine neurophysiologic testing is discussed. Conclusion: As Neurological disorders are classified as one of the most prevalent reasons for disqualification among air-crew members, more research is needed to assess the impacts of decompression on neurological function
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Background: diurnal variation in the onset of acute myocardial infarction has been demonstrated with a peak in the morning. Few data are available about the occurrence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction according to the time of infarct
Materials and methods: we performed a prospective study that. included 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction [AMI]. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction [LVSD] was determined by echo cardiography when ejection fraction [EF] was less than 55%
Results: out of 100 patients 65% had EF less than 55% and 53% of them experienced myocardial infarction between 6 AM and 5:59 PM [group 1] and 47% their AMI between 6 PM and 5:59 AM [Group 2]. Left ventricular EF less than 55% occurred in 51 % of group 1 compared with 77% in group 2 [p=0.004]. Mild and severe LVSD were also more frequent in group 2 patients [p=0.019]
Conclusion: the risk of mild and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction after AMI is higher among infarctions that occur at night
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There are a number of systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts being performed by various surgeons. Currently the most widely used systemic-pulmonary shunt is the modified Blalock-Tausig shunt. This shunt is highly effective even in neonates with small pulmonary arteries. The case of a 15-year-old girl in whom the internal thoracic artery was used to create a systemic-pulmonary artery shunt after the failure of a previous Blalock-Tausig shunt is reported. This was the first report of such a case in which the internal mammary artery was used to establish systemic to pulmonary arterial flow in Iran
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Background: Industrialization of the developing countries has resulted in an increase of work related injuries and illnesses. Human forces constitute a major resource in any organization and especially those affiliated to military disorders are an important etiology for early retirement which can be often preventable. Therefore, an accurate knowledge and assessment of musculoskeletal causes are essential to prevent and control disability-related retirement. Consequently, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in debilitated Air Force personnel between 1371 and 1382
Materials and methods: this is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study that was performed retrospectively on all military and non military [office worker] personnel who took an early retirement due to musculoskeletaI illnesses between 1371 and 1382. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS- 11.5
Results: among 1931 individuals who took retirement due to disability during these 11 years, 429 cases [22.2%] had muscultoskeletal illness. The average age in this group was 41.1 +/- 5.2. The average sickness absence was 7.5 +/- 4.9 years. Studied disorders included spinal [66.2%], lower extremity [14.2%], upper extremity [3.5%], and systemic illnesses [15.3%]. Discopathy was the most common disorder in this study [51.2%] followed by articular disorders of limbs [16.5%], musculoskeletal malignancies and malignancy-related paralysis of the limbs [11.8%]. nerve involvement [11.4%], disabling fractures [8.1%], and limb amputation [3%]
Conclusion: in the light of the prevalence of musculoskeletal illnesses and their significant impact on disability and reduced work effectiveness, efforts should be done for prevention. Articular-disorders which stood at the second place after discopathies and osteoarthritis were the most common limb disorders. Considering the preventable nature of these disorders, purposeful measures can be implicated to reduce their occurrence
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We aimed to provide a prioritized list of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their appropriate classification based on a cost-benefit analysis. Functional benchmarking was used to select a rationing model. Teams of qualified specialists working in community hospitals scored procedures from CPTTM according to their cost and benefit elements. The prioritized list of services model of Oregon, United States of America was selected as the functional benchmark. In contrast to its benchmark, our country's prioritized list of services is primarily designed to help the government in policy-making with the rationing of health care resources, especially for hospitals