[ duration use and causes of discontinuation IUD in Sarvabad]

The intrauterine device [IUD] is the most widely used reversible method of contraception. Discontinuation of various contraceptive methods can cause unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. The aim of this study was to determine duration use and causes of discontinuation IUD in Sarvabad in 2005-2008. This descriptive study was conducted at medical health center of Sarvabad. The study population were all women who had IUD removal from 2005-2008. Data were collected cases of IUD removal, duration of use and reasons for removal of it were analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. At the time of IUD insertion, the mean age of the subjects was 29.14 +/- 8.1 years, number of children was 2.8 +/- 1.33, and mean duration of IUD use was 36.5 +/- 31.14 months. Continuation rates at the end of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years and 7 years were 92.7, 87, 79.2, 71.6, 65.3, 20.8 and 11.8 per 100, respectively. The reasons for removal were frequently bleeding, desire for conception and expired date. Bleeding was the common side effect of IUD which caused discontinuation [30.5%], thus lower mean duration were found among this group as comparative to other groups. The present study that high discontinuation rate of IUD and the main reason was bleeding. Therefore, more time for consulting about use of other type of IUD and prevention method is necessary

Relationship between violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression

Due to the lack of evidence in relation to violence against pregnant women, particularly in developing countries, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression in Marivan, western Iran. 240 women between 15 and 40 years at the last month of their pregnancy were selected and divided into two groups: those experiencing violence and those without and matched for age, education, occupation of their own and their husbands', income, marital status, parity and desired or unwanted pregnancy. They were followed 2 to 6 weeks after delivery. Participants were Iranian Kurd, literate and singleton with no known pregnancy complications and depressive disorder in their lifespan. Demographic and obstetrical characteristics, Edinburg's postpartum depression, violence in three domains of physical, sexual, and emotional were recorded in a questionnaire. Mean age of subjects was 26.02 +/- 5.53 years mostly in primary educational level and were housewives. The scores of Edinburg's questionnaire ranged from 0 to 27 [8.25 +/- 6.82] and 34.2% [82 women] of them obtained score 10 or more. The frequency of postpartum depression was 52.5% and 15.8% in women experiencing violence and those without, respectively. A significant relationship was found between domestic violence and postpartum depression [p<0.001] and the estimation of relative risk of depression with 95% confidence interval was between 2.1 and 5.1 [RR=3.3]. Based on adverse effects of violence during pregnancy in this study, a routine screening at perinatal clinics is suggested to identify at-risk cases and provide necessary health services

Evaluation of the relationship between domestic violence in pregnancy and postnatal depression

Domestic violence against women is now widely recognized as an important public health problem. Research works are necessary to clarify the relationship between the different forms of domestic violence and mental health outcomes, especially in the developing countries where relatively little research is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between domestic violence in pregnancy and postnatal depression in pregnant women referring to the health care centers in Marivan, in 1386. This study was a prospective cohort study. Sample size included 251 women at the last month of pregnancy who were questioned about domestic violence during pregnancy and assigned into 2 groups: abused and non-abused groups. Each group included 120 patients. 11 patients were lost to follow up. Then the subjects filled out the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire within 4-6 weeks after delivery. P<0/05 considered statistically significant. The mean age of the subjects was 26.02 +/- 5.53 years and most of them had elementary education. The prevalence rate of depression among the patients was 34.2%.%15.8 of the women in the abused group and%52.5 of the women in the non-abused group had scores of more than 10 on the basis of Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale. There was a significant relationship between domestic violence and postnatal depression [p<0.001]. The relative risk of depression RR=3.3 with a confidenc interval of 95% was between 2.1 and 5.1. Since the detrimental impacts of domestic violence during pregnancy have been clarified in this research and other studies, it is recommended to screen such cases routinely in order to recognize abused cases for counseling