RESUMEN
From December 2005 to June 2007, a total screening of all 1418 government primary schools in Khartoum State, Sudan, was performed to estimate ocular problems among children aged 6-15 years. We screened 671 119 children [56.7% males] for significant refractive error and other eye ailments. Ocular problems were found in 20 321 [3.03%] children. The 3 localities with highest ocular pathology were Karary [26.2%], Ummbada [21.0%] and Jabal Awlia [15.7%]. The overall prevalence of refractive error was 2.19%. Myopia was found in 10 064 [1.50%] children while 4661 [0.70%] were hyperopic. Other ocular problems included vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vitamin A deficiency, microbial conjunctivitis, strabismus and corneal opacity. Only 288 [0.04%] children were diagnosed with active trachoma: 86.5% of these were from Ummbada locality, on the periphery of the State, where transportation facilities are poor and poverty is widespread. Overall, 99% of the eye ailments identified are either treatable or preventable. To reduce these and to achieve the goals of Vision 2020, an effective and efficient school health programme is needed