Hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatitis B viral infection in children: a case report with review of literature

This report describes the case of an adult type hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] in a 12 year old boy with hepatitis B,surface antigen [HBsAg] positivity and no cirrhosis. The HCC is an uncommon childhood tumor and is associated with HBsAg. This case was initially misdiagnosed as hepatoblastoma; which is a common hepatic malignancy of childhood. It is important to identify cancer in children because when cancer strikes them it behaves differently front cancer in adults. This article represents various characteristics of HCC in children with a review of the literature in an effort to highlight the morphological differences between hepatoblastoma and HCC

Frequency and pattern of Hodgkin's disease in Karachi, Pakistan

A study of 137 cases of Hodgkin's disease [HD] was carried out in the department of Pathology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi and department of pathology, National Institute of Child Health [NICH], Karachi, to identify the frequency of Hodgkin's disease among Lymphomas, and the frequency and pattern of HD in relation to age and sex. The diagnosis was made primarily on hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and was categorized according to Rye classification. Special stains namely Gomors reticulin were used in some cases showing vague nodularity. The frequency of hodgkin's disease among lymphomas was 49%. The most common histological type was mixed cellularity [51.8%], followed by nodular sclerosis [17.55%], then lymphocyte depletion [16.7%] and lymphocyte predominance [10.2%]. Five [3.6%] cases were unclassifiable. Hodgkin's disease was seen in all age groups with peak incidence during second and third decades. The male and female ratio was 3.7:1 with a distinct male predominance in all types