Evaluation of the effect of meteorological risk forecasting service intervention on acute onset and medical expenses of patients with COPD in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the intervention effect of meteorological risk forecasting service on acute onset and medical expenses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） patients， and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of health management model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） patients. MethodsStudy subjects were recruited from chronic obstructive pulmonary patients aged ≥40 in Pudong New Area. Propensity score matching method was used to determine the intervention group and the control group. The control group received regular health education and follow-up management， and the intervention group was provided with meteorological and environmental risk forecasting services through WeChat， mobile phone short message service（SMS）and telephone. Finally， a total of2 589 subjects were included in the analysis， including 1 300 in the intervention group and 1 289 in the control group. General demographic data， past medical history and family history of COPD， COPD related knowledge and practice survey， COPD related symptom assessment， acute onset， health service utilization and medical expenses before and after intervention were collected through questionnaire survey. The differences of acute attack， health service utilization and related medical expenses between the two groups before and after intervention were compared to evaluate the intervention effect. ResultsIn terms of acute attacks， after intervention， the incidence of acute attacks in the intervention group was lower than that before intervention（χ2=52.901， P<0.001）， and the incidence of acute attacks in the groups with different intervention methods was lower than that before intervention （P<0.001）. WeChat had the best effect， decreasing the incidence by 14.4%， followed by mobile phone SMS SMS decreasing by 12.3%. In terms of utilization of health services， the outpatient rate due to acute attack was lower in the intervention group after intervention than that before intervention （χ2=7.129， P=0.008）， and the outpatient rate due to acute attack was lower in the subjects who received the forecast service through mobile phone SMS than that before intervention （χ2=4.675， P<0.001）. In terms of medical expenses， there was no significant difference between control group and intervention group with different intervention methods before intervention （P>0.05）. After intervention， the difference between the control group and the intervention group with different intervention methods was statistically significant （H=11.864， P<0.05）. The results of multiple comparisons showed that compared with the control group， the average annual medical expenses of patients receiving mobile phone SMS and telephone forecasting services after intervention were lower than those of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ConclusionMeteorological risk forecasting service can reduce the acute onset of COPD， reduce the rate of consultation and medical expenses due to acute onset， and provide scientific basis for the basic COPD health management model.

Investigating the effect and mechanism of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination in ameliorating psoriatic lesions / 中国药理学通报

Aim In this study, a mouse model of psoriasis-like lesions induced by 62. 5 mg imiquimod was used to explore the effect and mechanism of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination for the topical treatment of psoriasis. Methods Firstly, the topical administration of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination for treating psoriasis in progressive and recurrent stages was evaluated by psoriatic mouse model and HE staining. Secondly, immunohistochemistry was used to study the regulatory effects of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination on the pivotal pathological mechanism of psoriasis-the positive feedback loop between the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and skin immune microenvironment. Finally, metabolomics technology was used to explore whether Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae combination topically treat psoriasis by regulating inflammation-related metabolism and lipid metabolism pathways. Results The combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae alleviated psoriasis-like lesions in mice. It effectively relieved the recurrence after the cure of psoriatic lesions in mice, and the efficacy is comparable to that of benweimod. The combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae inhibited the proliferation of mouse epidermal keratinocytes and reduced the number of T cells in the skin. The potential molecular mechanism was that the combination of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae regulated arachidonic acid metabolism, sphin- golipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism. Conclusions The combination of Sophora Flavescens Radix and Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae can relieve psoriasis-like lesions in mice by inhibiting the proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and reducing the number of T cells in the skin and regulating metabolism to intervene psoriasis recurrence. This study provides a potential topical drug of psoriasis for relieving psoriasis recurrence.

Research Progress on the Role of Akkermansia Muciniphila in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus / 中国医学科学院学报

The correlation between intestinal flora and diseases has become a hot research topic in recent years.Since the incidence of diabetes is closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation and intestinal flora disorders,the intervention of intestinal flora imbalance has become a research focus in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila) stands out among the intestinal flora as it can alleviate the diabetes-related symptoms by regulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level,improving intestinal barrier function,and inhibiting chronic inflammation,which is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.The reduction in the abundance of A.muciniphila is a marker for the early diagnosis of diabetes.The available studies have demonstrated that the administration with A.muciniphila alone can significantly attenuate inflammation and other related symptoms of diabetic patients.Moreover,A.muciniphila has good safety and can be tolerated by human body.Therefore,A.muciniphila has the potential to serve as a new species of probiotics for the treatment of diabetes.The clinical measures for treating diabetes,such as metformin,Chinese herbal medicines,and functional diet,have been confirmed to be associated with the increased abundance of A.muciniphila.Among them,Chinese herbal medicines can treat diabetes via multiple targets and pathways in a systemic manner.Studies have reported that A.muciniphila is a potential target of Chinese herbal medicines intervening in diabetes.After the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,the improvement of diabetes-related indicators was positively correlated with the abundance of A.muciniphila.The above evidence provides a new idea for the research on the interaction between Chinese herbal medicines and intestinal flora in the treatment of diabetes.Therefore,this paper reviewed the role of A.muciniphila in diabetes and the correlation between the abundance of A.muciniphila and the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,aiming to provide new measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Study Progress in Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Preventing and Treating Diabetes by Interfering Intestinal Flora / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the development of urbanization and the change of lifestyle， people have gradually developed unhealthy living habits， such as high-fat diet and reduced physical activity， which promotes the increasing number of diabetes patients and becomes an escalating public health problem worldwide. Therefore， it is urgent to explore effective measures to prevent and treat diabetes. Recent studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetes， making it a potential target for the treatment of diabetes. A healthy intestinal environment is an important internal environment for physiological and metabolic activities of the human body. Intestinal flora homeostasis is accompanied by physiological metabolic disorders of the body， such as induced metabolic endotoxemia， bile acid metabolism disorders and reduced production of short chain fatty acid （SCFA）， which leads to low-grade chronic inflammation and insulin resistance in the body that are important pathological processes of diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been used in the treatment of diabetes， with a remarkable curative effect. At present， there are extensive studies on the active ingredients of TCM and the compound of TCM for regulating structure of intestinal flora and improving symptoms of diabetes. A large number of studies have shown a dynamic two-way relationship between TCM and intestinal flora. Specifically， intestinal flora can transform TCM into polyphenols， alkaloids， saponins and other active substances with a pharmacological effect， in turn， these active ingredients can reverse the imbalance of intestinal microecology， and the recovery of intestinal flora imbalance can improve the symptoms of diabetes. It can be seen that intestinal flora is a bridge for TCM treatment of diabetes， which may be one of the mechanisms of TCM treatment of diabetes. This paper reviews the active ingredients of TCM and the compound of TCM in the treatment of diabetes， in order to provide reference for the exploration of prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Association between serum trace elements and dyslipidemia： a community-based cross-sectional study / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the association between serum trace elements and dyslipidemia in Pudong New Area. Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out. A stratified， cluster sampling approach was used for sampling. In total 1 814 community residents aged above 35 years old were recruited in Pudong New Area， Shanghai. A face-to-face investigation was conducted and blood samples were collected. Serum levels of 16 trace elements， including boron， vanadium， chromium， manganese， iron， cobalt， nickel， copper， zinc， arsenic， selenium， strontium， molybdenum， tin， antimony， and barium were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS）. The relationship between serum trace elements and dyslipidemia was analyzed with single and multiple Logistic regression models. Results:Prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher among participants of more than 45 years old with high BMI， hypertension or diabetes．Serum iron leveled the highest， followed by copper， zinc， selenium， strontium， boron and other trace elements. After adjusting for potential confounders， the odds ratios of dyslipidemia associated with the highest quartile of trace elements concentrations were 1.41 （95%CI： 1.12-1.78）， 0.77 （95%CI： 0.61-0.96）， 1.65 （95%CI： 1.31-2.09）， 1.27 （95%CI： 1.02-1.58）， and 1.32 （95%CI： 1.06-1.66） for chromium， cobalt， zinc， arsenic， and tin， respectively， compared with that associated with the other three quartiles. Conclusion:Some serum trace elements are potentially associated with dyslipidemia in community residents.

Association between sleep quality and risk of acute exacerbation of mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease： a community-based prospective study / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate the association between sleep quality and the risk of acute exacerbation in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai. Methods:This was a prospective study involving eligible mild and moderate COPD patients from 10 communities randomly selected in Pudong New District of Shanghai. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics， clinical information and information on acute exacerbation. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） in Chinese. Multiple negative binomial regression was used to estimate the association between sleep quality and risk of exacerbation. Results:Altogether 212 mild/moderate COPD patients participated and completed the entire survey， of whom the majority （95.8%） were mild COPD patients， 110 persons female and over half （54.2%） over 65 years old. 32.9% of the patients had poorer sleep quality at baseline. 18.9% of the patients reported exacerbation over the past year during follow-ups. Multiple negative binomial regression suggested that increased PSQI was related to higher risk of exacerbation （RRad=1.12， 95%CI：1.02-1.24）， and patients with poorer sleep efficiency had a higher risk of exacerbation （RRad=1.66， 95%CI：1.17-5.43）. Conclusion:Poorer sleep quality is associated with a higher risk of exacerbation in community mild/moderate COPD patients， especially in those with problem of sleep efficiency. More attention to sleep disorders is warranted in community management or self-management of patients with COPD.

Effect of Safety Bladder Capacity Catheterization on Lower Urinary Tract Function in Patients With Suprasacral Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To evaluate the effect of safety bladder capacity catheterization on lower urinary tract function in patients with supracacral spinal cord injury. Methods:A total of 60 patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction after suprasacral spinal cord injury in our hospital from January to December, 2019 were divided into control group (n = 30) and observation group (n = 30) randomly. Both groups were given intermittent catheterization, the frequency of catheterization was determined according to postvoid residual volume in the control group, while it was according to safety bladder capacity in the observation group. Their maximum destrusor pressure, postvoid residual volume, safety bladder capacity, urinary tract infection and detrusor wall thickness were compared. Results:Eight weeks after intervention, the maximum destrusor pressure and postvoid residual volume decreased, and the safety bladder capacity increased in the observation group (t > 5.623, P < 0.05), and were better than that of the control group (t > 2.242, P < 0.05); the detrusor wall thickness significantly decreased in the observation group (t = 7.871, P < 0.05), and was lower than that of the control group (t = 3.049, P < 0.01). The number of urinary tract infection patients was less in the observation group than in the control group (χ2 = 4.320, P = 0.038). Conclusion:Intermittent catheterization based on safety bladder capacity can improve lower urinary tract function in patients with suprasacral spinal cord injury.

Overview of metalomics research and its application prospect in mineral Chinese medicine research / 中国中药杂志

Metallomics is a frontier interdisciplinary subject at its vigorous development stage. Its goal is to systematically study the content, distribution, chemical species, structural characteristics and functions of metal elements in biological system. It is also a comprehensive discipline to study the existing state and function of free or complex metal elements in life. Metallomics is an ideal tool to study the biological behavior of inorganic elements, which can be used to solve many problems in the research of mineral Chinese medicine(MCM). It provides a strong theoretical basis and technical support for the research of MCM. Its theory and methods provide re-ference and enlightenment for the in-depth study of MCM, and also provide new ideas and open up new ways for the research of MCM. The application of metallomics theory and methods in the research of MCM is of great significance to reveal the material basis and mec-hanism of MCM, promote the process of basic research on MCM, fully exploit and utilize medicinal mineral resources and carry forward the traditional MCM treasure in China. In this paper, we introduced the concept, academic development, research content and research methods of metallomics, and discussed the application prospects of metallomics in the analysis of inorganic element composition characteristics and quality control, material basis and mechanism of MCM, so as to provide reference for further researches on MCM.

Research Progress on Hemostatic Pharmacological Effects and Clinical Application of Mineral Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Mineral Chinese medicine is an indispensable part in traditional Chinese medicine, with a history of several thousand years in research and utilization of medicinal mineral resources. It is a summary of the medical experience accumulated in numerous trials,observations and practices during the survival process of people of all nationalities, showing distinctive characteristics. At present,the scope of mineral medicine treatment involves internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics,facial features and so on. The mineral Chinese medicine has broad clinical application in many kinds of hemorrhagic diseases,with rich experience in medication and remarkable curative effects. However, there are few papers in modern research, mainly concentrated in the 1970s-1990s. In this paper, the pharmacology and clinical application of mineral Chinese medicine with hemostatic effects in the last 40 years were reviewed, aiming to provide references for its clinical rational use in bleeding diseases,further development and utilization of mineral Chinese medicine resources of traditional Chinese medicine,in-depth study of material basis and action mechanism,and further exploration of mineral Chinese medicine resources. According to the statistics of the major Chinese medicine works,27 kinds of mineral drugs have hemostatic effects. The researches on hemostatic pharmacology of mineral Chinese medicine mainly focus on the analysis of mineral medicine elements and the effect of related elements on hemostasis,as well as the pharmacological experimental study on hemostasis, but the research is not deep-going and comprehensive. The clinical application of mineral Chinese medicine for hemostasis mainly includes digestive tract hemorrhage,hemoptysis,epistaxis,gingival hemorrhage,cerebral hemorrhage,post-abortion hemorrhage,metrorrhagia,uterine bleeding,hematochezia and external hemostasis.

Antidiarrheal Effect of Limonitum with Different Mineral Genesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the antidiarrheal effect and the gastrointestinal motility of two kinds of Limonitum with different mineral genesis, so as to select the optimal mineral genesis, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical use. Method: The selected research samples were leaching type and sedimentary type Limonitum with different mineral genesis, including powder, water decoction and dregs. In the experiment, castor oil (0.2 mL/10 g) was used to induce diarrhea, loperamide (4 mg·kg-1) was used for positive control, and then the antidiarrheal activity and the gastrointestinal motility were observed. Result: In the castor oil-induced diarrhea experiment, the diarrhea index of the water decoction (2.5,5,10 g·kg-1) and the dregs (2.5 g·kg-1) of leaching type Limonitum significantly reduced (P-1) of leaching type limonitum and the dregs (2.5,5,10 g·kg-1) of the leaching type Limonitum were significant different at the first defecation (P-1) and the water decoction (2.5 g·kg-1) of leaching type Limonitum, and the total feces weight of the mice were significantly decreased (P-1), the dregs (2.5,5,10 g·kg-1) of the sedimentary, the powder (2.5,5 g·kg-1), the water decoction (2.5,5,10 g·kg-1) and the dregs (10 g·kg-1) of leaching type Limonitum were significantly lower than those of the model group on the intestinal motility, with charcoal as a marker (P-1) of leaching type Limonitum was significantly higher than that of the model group on the content of small intestine contents (P-1) of sedimentary type limonitum, and the water decoction (2.5,5 g·kg-1) of leaching type Limonitum were significantly lower than those of the model group on gastric residual rate (P-1), the dregs (5 g·kg-1) of sedimentary type Limonitum were significantly reduced on the water content of large intestine compared with the model group (P-1 of Limonitum can inhibit the contraction of isolated ileum induced by acetylcholine in rabbits except 0.003 3 g·mL-1 water decoction of leaching type. Conclusion: Mineral medicine Limonitum has a certain therapeutic effect in castor oil-induced diarrhea. Leaching type limonitum has the best antidiarrheal effect.

Quality Evaluation and Selection of High Quality Mineral Resources of Limonitum from Different Mineral Genesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Limonitum from different mineral genesis and select its high quality mineral resources by analyzing its mineral compositions and content. Method: The mineral compositions and content of different samples were analyzed by polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction,and goethite content was taken as the evaluation index. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for hierarchical cluster analysis of the mineral compositions in different samples. Result: Limonite,quartz,illite and mica kaolinite were the main components of Limonitum from leaching disseminated type. Sedimentary type limonite was mainly composed of limonite,quartz and albite. Residual-alteration type limonite was mainly composed of limonite,quartz,diopside and carnallite. The content of goethite in limonite was highest (46.4%) in sedimentary type limonite from Jiangxi province,followed by that in leaching-disseminated type from Jiangsu province (17.9%) and leaching-disseminated type from Shandong province (0.5%). The content of sedimentary goethite was higher than 12.0%and the content of leaching-disseminated type goethite was between 0.5%and 18.0%, with significant difference; and the content of residual-alteration type was below 3.0%. Cluster analysis of mineral components in different samples showed that 6 samples of leaching-dissemination type were clustered into one group,3 samples of sedimentation type were clustered into one group,and 2 samples of residual-alteration type were clustered into one group. Conclusion: The quality of sedimentary type Limonitum in Jiangxi is the best. Generally,the quality of sedimentary type is better than that of leaching-disseminated type, and the quality of leaching disseminated type is better than that of residual-alteration type.

SEM and XRD Identification of Mineral Chinese Medicine Alumen, Calcined Alumen, and Their Processed Products / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: Ammonium alum is a common counterfeit of Alumen,and the processed product of ammonium alum is a common counterfeits of calcined Alumen. This paper aims to establish a method for identifying Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and their processed products. Method: The samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD) in this paper. Result: Ammonium alum and Alumen showed obvious changes in morphology after processing. Both Alumen and ammonium alum showed obvious differences in morphology at×250 and×1 000 times microscope. Alumen presented irregular fragments,clear edge corners,smooth surface,scattered irregular small particles,occasional holes and longitudinal edges. Ammonium alum presented irregular clumps,blunt edges,not obvious edges and corners,uneven surface,scattered smaller and round-like particles. The difference in morphology was not obvious at×250 times microscope between Alumen and ammonium alum processed products. While at×1 000 times,the surface of calcined Alumen was uneven with coarse particles; the surface of counterfeit calcined Alumen was flat,and the coarse particle characteristics were not obvious. XRD can be used to rapidly and accurately identify the primary phase of Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and ammonium alum processed products:KAl(SO4)2·12H2O,NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O,KAl(SO4)2,and NH4Al(SO4)2 respectively, with 2θ angle characteristic value of 23,12,22 and 5 respectively for XRD peak. Conclusion: SEM and XRD techniques can be used for the identification of Alumen,calcined Alumen,ammonium alum and their counterfeit products.

Research on Differential Feature Elements and Characteristic Spectrum of Inorganic Elements Between Calcined Alumen and Its Counterfeit Processed Products Based on ICP-OES/ICP-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To provide the new quality control means for Alumen by investigating the elemental differences between calcined Alumen and its counterfeit processed products of ammonium alum, and establishing their characteristic chromatogram. Method: The contents of 22 inorganic elements both in calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum were determined by means of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometer-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/ICP-MS),SPSS 16.0 was used for cluster analysis (CA) while SIMCA-P 13.0 with t-test and Rank-Sum test was used to identify the differential inorganic elements. In addition, the characteristic spectrum of the inorganic elements for calcined Alumen and counterfeit calcined alumen were established. Result: Calcined Alumen had highest contents of K and Al while counterfeit calcined Alumen has highest contents of Al and Fe;Cr,Sr,and Mn contents in calcined Alumen were relatively higher,while Mn,Ti,and Ga contents in processed products of ammonium alum were relatively higher. The content of K in calcined Alumen was about 205 times of that of counterfeit products. On the contrary,the average contents of Fe,Ti,Mn and Ga in counterfeit products of ammonium alum were much higher than those in calcined Alumen,33,46,38, 27 times, respectively. A total of 18 samples were clustered into two categories in CA:calcined Alumen and processed products of ammonium alum. 18 inorganic elements showed significant difference in contents(PConclusion: This method can be used for quality control of calcined Alumen.

Treatment of Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection with Chinese Medicine Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate Chinese medicine (CM) formula Bazheng Powder () as an alternative therapeutic option for female patients with recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI).@*METHODS@#A randomized double-blinded trial was performed. Eligible female patients with RUTI were recruited from one hospital and two community health centers. By using a blocked randomization scheme, participants were randomized to receive a CM formula (10 herbs) for 4 weeks or antibiotics for 1 week, followed by 3 weeks of placebo. Clinical cure rate and microbiological cure and recurrence after treatment were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#A total 122 eligible patients were enrolled, with 61 cases in each group. The clinical cure rate by the intentto- treatment approach was 90.2% for the CM group and 82.0% for the antibiotics group (P>0.05). Bacteria were cleared from 88.5% (54/61) of patients in the CM group and 82.0% (50/61) in the antibiotics group. The recurrence rate in recovered patients at the 6-month follow-up was 9.1% (5/61) and 14.0 (7/61) in the CM and antibiotics groups, respectively (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#CM formula Bazheng Powder is a good alternative option for RUTI treatment. (Registration No. NCT01745328).

Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Cadmium and Its Regulation on Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Kidneys of Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study was conducted to investigate the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress on Nrf2 signaling pathway in the kidneys of rats.@*METHODS@#Rats were divided into twelve groups of six animals each. Some groups were pre-administered with bacitracin or tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), and all of them were treated with 5-20 μmol/kg cadmium (Cd) for 48 h. The oxidative stress levels were analyzed using kits. The mRNA and protein expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors were determined using RT-PCR and western blot.@*RESULTS@#Cd exposure resulted in oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats and upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related factors and Nrf2 signaling pathway-related factors, especially at doses of 10 and 20 μmol/kg Cd, and the expression changes were particularly obvious. Moreover, after pretreatment with bacitracin, Cd upregulated the expression of ERS-related factors to a certain extent and, at higher doses, increased the mRNA expression of Nrf2. After pretreatment with TUDCA, Cd reduced the level of ERS to a certain extent; however, at these doses, there were no significant changes in the expression of Nrf2.@*CONCLUSION@#Cadmium can result in ERS and oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats, activate Nrf2, and upregulate the transcriptional expression of phase II detoxification enzymes under these experimental conditions. ERS has a positive regulation effect on Nrf2 signaling pathway but has little effect on the negative regulation of Nrf2 signaling pathway in cadmium toxicity.

Associations of obesity and physical activity with cognition in people aged 50 and above in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the associations of obesity and physical activity with cognition in the elderly.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2009 to June 2010 among people aged ≥50 years selected through multistage random cluster sampling in Shanghai.The subjects' body weight,body height,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR),and the data on self-reported physical activity level were collected through questionnaire survey.A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was conducted to assess subjects' cognitive functions,including verbal recall,forward digit span (FDS),backward digit span (BDS),and verbal fluency (VF).General linear model was used to examine the associations of BMI,WHR and physical activity with cognition.Results A total of 7 913 participants were included,with a median age of 60 years.Age,sex,education level,income level,BMI,WHR and physical activity level were significantly associated with cognitive scores in univariate analysis.After adjusted for age,sex,education level and income level,BMI was no longer significantly associated with cognitive scores in all cognitive functions (all P＞0.01).WHR was significantly associated with VF score (P＜0.01).Abdominally obese participants had lower VF score than non-abdominally obese participants (P＜0.01).Physical activity level was significantly associated with all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Compared with participants with moderate physical activity level,participants with low physical activity level had lower scores in all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Conclusion Abdominal obesity and low physical activity level were negatively associated with cognition level in the elderly,suggesting that waist circumference control and physical activity might help maintain cognition in the elderly.

Associations of obesity and physical activity with cognition in people aged 50 and above in Shanghai / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the associations of obesity and physical activity with cognition in the elderly.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2009 to June 2010 among people aged ≥50 years selected through multistage random cluster sampling in Shanghai.The subjects' body weight,body height,waist circumference and hip circumference were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR),and the data on self-reported physical activity level were collected through questionnaire survey.A comprehensive battery of cognitive tests was conducted to assess subjects' cognitive functions,including verbal recall,forward digit span (FDS),backward digit span (BDS),and verbal fluency (VF).General linear model was used to examine the associations of BMI,WHR and physical activity with cognition.Results A total of 7 913 participants were included,with a median age of 60 years.Age,sex,education level,income level,BMI,WHR and physical activity level were significantly associated with cognitive scores in univariate analysis.After adjusted for age,sex,education level and income level,BMI was no longer significantly associated with cognitive scores in all cognitive functions (all P＞0.01).WHR was significantly associated with VF score (P＜0.01).Abdominally obese participants had lower VF score than non-abdominally obese participants (P＜0.01).Physical activity level was significantly associated with all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Compared with participants with moderate physical activity level,participants with low physical activity level had lower scores in all cognitive functions (P＜0.01).Conclusion Abdominal obesity and low physical activity level were negatively associated with cognition level in the elderly,suggesting that waist circumference control and physical activity might help maintain cognition in the elderly.

Observation on curative effect of low-temperature plasma assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in positional and non-positional OSAHS patients / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the curative effect of low-temperature plasma-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(UP-PP)in the patients with positional and non-positional obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Twenty-six patients with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography monitoring receiving the low-temperature plasma-assisted UPPP in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected and divided into the positional OSAHS group(PPs) and non-positional OSAHS group(NPPs) according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) under different sleep positional status.The AHI change before and after operation and operation effective rate were compared between the two groups.Results Theoverall AHI,supine position AHI and lateral position AHI in the PPs group all were lower than those in the NPPs group(P＜0.05),moreover the blood oxygen related indexes were higher than those in the NPPs group(P＜0.05).The overall surgical effective rate in the OSAHS patients was 73.08％ (19/26),in which the surgical effective rate was 100％ (7/7) in the PPs group and 63.16％ (12/19) in the NPPs group,the difference between the two groups had no statistical significance(P=0.13).The postoperative total AHI,supine position AHI and lateral position AHI in the two groups were decreased compared with before operation(P＜0.05);the decrease range of lateral position AHI in the NPPs group was significantly higher than that in the supine position AHI[0.96(0.86,1.00)vs.0.53(0.34,0.77),P＜0.01].78.95 ％ (15/19) postoperation patients in the NPPs group converted to PPs.Conclusion Low-temperature plasma-assisted UPPP has some effects on OSAHS patients,in which the benefit of NPPs are more apparent.

Progress of research on NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury / 解放军医学杂志

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an inflammatory cascade involving a variety of factors.It is closely related to the delayed graft function and acute rejection after renal transplantation.At present,the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury is not clear.Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasome,as a key molecule of inflammatory cascade,plays an important role in the development and progression of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.Therefore,it is expected to become a new therapeutic target for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.This article reviews the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Mineral composition analysis and hemostatic effect of limonitum with different mineral genesis / 中国中药杂志

Models were established in mice with warfarin sodium method, and their bleeding time and hemostasis time were measured by tail cutting method and slide method respectively. Rats were administered for 15 consecutive days to measure their recalcification time, plasma viscosity, platelet adhesion rate, platelet aggregation rate and other blood indexes. As compared with the blank group, the bleeding time was prolonged in model groupn(P<0.05). As compared with the model group, the results showed that the positive vitamin K, the leaching type water decoction and the sediment type decoction could significantly shorten the bleeding time (P<0.01); positive vitamin K significantly (P<0.01) shortened clotting time, and the leaching type water decoction, the sediment type water decoction and the sediment type powder could also shorten the clotting time (P<0.05). As compared with blank group, low dose, medium dose of leaching type water decoction, medium dose of powder, high dose of sediment type decoction and low dose of drug residues could reduce plasma viscosity (P<0.05), and high dose of leaching powder and low dose of water decoction could significantly reduce (P<0.01) plasma viscosity. As compared with blank group, Limonitum leaching type decoction high dose group could significantly reduce the platelet adhesion rate (P<0.05), while sediment type water decoction could significantly increase the platelet adhesion rate (P<0.05); the high dose of leaching type water decoction, high dose of drug residues, low dose of leaching type powder and low dose of drug residues could decrease the platelet aggregation rate (P<0.05), while high dose of leaching type water decoction and high dose of the powder could increase the platelet aggregation rate (P<0.05). Analysis of mineral compositions was conducted by polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the both methods showed that Limonitum mineral compositions contained goethite, quartz, and kaolinite, and sedimentary type also contained illite and albite. Sediment type of Limonitum showed better hemostatic effect, which may be related to the high content of goethite and illite.