RESUMEN
Background: Infectious diseases are the greatest challenge of the world. The main failure in the treatment of infectious diseases is development of antibiotic resistance by the infective agents. Combination drug therapy is proposed to be more successful to contain diseases. But before the selection of combination of antibiotics, it is important to determine interaction of such antibiotics. Two antibiotics may have either synergistic or antagonistic action. In this study it was designed to find out the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), which is usually used for the quantitative assessment of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics. Methods: Checkerboard titration in microtitre trays used for this assay, and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) and Fractional Bactericidal Concentration (FBC) measured to identify the type of interaction between the two antibiotics. Cefsulodin (Cef) and Kanamycin (Kan) were used against Escherechia coli (Esch. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus) to determine the efficacy of these antibiotics in combination. Results: MIC of cefsulodin and kanamycin against Staph. aureus was 3.125 and 3.125 respectively. MIC of Cef for Esch. coli was 6.25 and for Kan 50. FIC for Staph. aureus was 1. FIC for Esch. coli was different in different antibiotic concentrations and the least value was 0.37. There was no bactericidal effect of these antibiotics in combination against these organisms. Conclusion: Combination of two drugs cefsulodin and kanamycin showed synergistic action against Esch. coli and additive against Staph. aureus. So combined drug therapy can be used for better treatment with low toxicity, broad spectrum activity, and prevent emergence of drug resistance organism.
RESUMEN
Dermatophytosis is one of the most commonly encountered cutaneous fungal infections worldwide. The higher prevalence in tropical and subtropical areas is supposedly due to the hot and humid climatic condition. Other factors like personal hygiene and habits, prevalence of virulent species in the soil are also known to influence the infection. A high prevalence of dermatophytoses has been reported from India. Hence, this study was undertaken to identify, speciate and study the sensitivity pattern of dermatophytosis from clinical samples received at Basveshwar Teaching & General Hospital, Gulbarga. A total of two hundred clinically diagnosed randomly selected patients of dermatophytosis attending the out patient department of Dermatology and Venereology, Basveshwar Teaching & General Hospital & M.R. Medical College, Gulbarga were studied. Skin, nail and hair specimens taken from the patients were processed by potassium hydroxide preparation (KOH) for direct microscopy and culture. Dermatophytosis was more common in the age group of 21-30 years (36%) and in males (73%). Fungi was demonstrated in 130 cases by KOH and in 96 cases by culture; 78 cases were positive by both direct examination and culture. Tinea corporis was the commonest clinical type encountered (54.5%) followed by tinea cruris (25.5%). Tricophyton rubrum (46.87%) was the commonest aetiological agent in majority of clinical types followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (36.46%), Microsporum gypseum (4.16%), Trichophyton tonsurans (1.04%) , Epidemophyton floccosum (8.33%). Microsporum audouinii (2.08%) and Trichophyton violecium (1.04%). Dermatophyte infections are very common in our country where hot and humid climate along with poor hygienic conditions play an important role in the growth of these fungi. By and large, Trichophyton species forms the commonest etiological agent of dermatophytosis. Tinea rubrum was the commonest isolate in tinea corporis, tinea cruris and Onychomycosis. Microporium audouinii was isolated from 1 case of tinea capitis.
RESUMEN
A total of 78 HIV seropositive patients were included in the study from January 2004 to March 2006. Enteric protozoan parasitic infections were diagnosed by microscopic examination of stool by fresh wet mount, stool smears stained by modified Z.N., Trichrome and Calcofluor white stains. 20 samples (25.6%) revealed presence ofenteric protozoan parasites.