RESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Delinquent behaviors are risky behaviors that increase during puberty and reach their highest peak in late adolescence. It has been proposed that poor decision-making and theory of mind (ToM) are key cognitive processes implicated with delinquency during adolescence, affecting evaluation of risks and impairing appreciation of social norms. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear whether adolescent offenders who are subjected to provisional deprivation of liberty due to conflict with the law (adolescents in conflict with the law [ACL]) might, in fact, present a specific profile with regard to these cognitive processes. Objectives To assess deliberative decision-making and ToM among adolescents in conflict with the law and adolescents not in conflict with the law. Methods The sample comprised 62 participants: ACL (n = 29) and a control group (CG) (n = 33). ToM was assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and decision-making was assessed with the Columbia Card Task (CCT). Substance use, callous-unemotional traits, childhood maltreatment, and intelligence quotient (IQ) were also assessed. Results ACL had more ToM errors for negative mental states in comparison to CG, but not for error rates concerning neutral and positive mental states. With regards to decision-making, our results suggest that ACL group members did not vary their behavior based on the available information and that the risk information had an opposite effect on the number of cards chosen (risk-taking behavior) when compared to CG. Conclusion These findings have important implications for development of interventions for these adolescents, suggesting that they tend to learn little from negative outcomes and have reduced capacity to process negative emotions.
RESUMEN
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes submetidos a transplante de córnea no estado do Espírito Santo. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo realizado entre o período de janeiro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018, com o total de 1310 cadastrados na Central de Notificação, Captação e Distribuição de Órgãos do Espírito Santo (CNCDO/ES) por meio do Sistema Nacional de Transplantes (SNT) e que foram submetidos a transplante de córnea. Os dados foram apresentados em estatística descritiva como frequências e mediana e a análise dos dados foi realizada com o software SPSS versão 23. Resultados: em relação à frequência, obteve-se 54,3% do gênero feminino, 57,33% (751) provenientes da Região Metropolitana de Vitória. Os pacientes do Espírito Santo correspondem a 86% da frequência na fila, seguidos por Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais e Bahia, que juntos correspondem a 6,3%. O principal diagnóstico na indicação de transplante foi a Ceratopatia Bolhosa (25,9%), seguido por Ceratocone (16,5%) e Ceratite Intersticial (15,5%). A média de tempo de espera foi de 195 dias, sendo no máximo 1345 dias. Verificou-se que 1310 pacientes foram transplantados de córnea, a faixa etária dos transplantados é de 57 anos, sendo a maioria destes da Região Metropolitana de Vitória. Conclusão: Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes nos pacientes transplantados no Espírito Santo foram Ceratopatia Bolhosa e Ceratocone, em pacientes majoritariamente do sexo feminino, 57 anos em média, da região metropolitana da grande Vitória e provenientes do próprio estado. O estudo permite traçar estratégias de prevenção, cuidado e ações sociais de conscientização de doação de córnea.
Abstract Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of patients submitted to corneal transplantation in state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Methods: Transversal and descriptive study, with 1301 patients, in the period of January 2017 until to January 2018, the patients were registered in the Central Notification, Captation and Distribution of Organs of Espirito Santo (CNCDO/ES) through the National Transplant System (SNT) and submitted to corneal transplantation. The data were shown as descriptive statistics (frequencies and medians) and analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software, 23 version. Results: In relation to frequency, it was obtained 54.5% female, 57.33% from the metropolitan area of Vitória. Eighty-six percent were patients from Espirito Santo and the others 6.3% were from Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Bahia. The main indications for corneal transplantation were Bullous Keratopathy (25.9%), Keratoconus (16.5%) and interstitial keratitis (15.5%). The average of waiting time was 195 days and the longest was 1345 days. It was found that 1301 patients underwent corneal transplantation, they are in the 57-year age group, and the biggest part of them are from the metropolitan area of Vitória. Conclusion: The most prevalent diagnoses in patients submitted to corneal transplantation in state of Espirito Santo were Bullous Keratopathy and Keratoconus, in patients mostly female, 57 years old on average, from the metropolitan region of greater Vitória and from the state itself. The study allows to outline prevention strategies, care and social actions to raise awareness of corneal donation.