Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important pulse legumes in many parts of the world. India is largest producer of chickpea in the world, sharing 65 and 70 % of the total global area and production, respectively. Different weed control practices use of herbicides were followed for better management. Application of herbicide at critical growth stages followed by one or two hand weeding at proper time or manipulation of row spacing for improving the weed suppressing effect of crops gives marginal improvement in crop yield. A field experiment titled “Effects of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Chickpea in Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during rabi season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) One hand weeding at 20 DAS, (T2) Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE), (T4) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + One hand weeding at 30 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T7) Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3 EC @ 60 g ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS + One hand weeding at 40 DAS, (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS, (T9) Weed free and (T10) Weedy Check. The recommended dose of fertilizer (30:60:30 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. PBG-7 variety of chickpea was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Application of (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. Thus, study suggest that chickpea can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T8) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PE) + Imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 kg ha-1 (PoE) at 25 DAS.

Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-Hills of Himachal Pradesh, India

Weed management in mungbean is one of the most efficient ways to improve its growth, as uncontrolled weed growth causes a significant decrease in crop growth. Effects of various herbicides applied at different rates as pre-emergence or as post-emergence were studied on growth characterstics in mungbean. It is usually infested and its growth parameter is adversely affected by a number of weed species that compete with the crop from germination to harvest, affecting the crop growth adversely. A field experiment titled “Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on Growth Characters of Mungbean under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during the kharif season of 2022 at Chamelti Agriculture Farm, MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, District Solan. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction with EC in a safer range, medium in organic carbon, available nitrogen, potassium, and high in available phosphorus. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications comprising ten weed management treatments viz. (T1) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE, (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS, (T3) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Imezathapyr 10% SL @ 70 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T4) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Oxyfluoren @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 25 DAS, (T5) Pendimethalin @ 0.75 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb Quizolofop ethyl @ 50 g ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T6) Imazethapyr 10% SL @ 70 g a.i. ha-1 PoE at 20 DAS, (T7) One-hand weeding at 25 DAS, (T8) Two-hand weeding at 20 and 35 DAS, (T9) Weedy check and (T10) Weed free. The recommended dose of fertilizer (20:40:20 kg ha-1) was applied through Urea, SSP, and MOP at the time of sowing. Pusa Baishaki variety of mungbean was used for sowing. Weed management practices were done as per treatment. Other crop management practices were followed as per the recommendation of the area. Data on growth characters revealed that application of (T2) Pendimethalin 30EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS registered higher growth parameters viz. plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation and trifoliate leaves which was statistically at par with (T3), (T4) and (T5). Thus, study suggest that mungbean can successfully grown under Mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh on (T2) Pendimethalin 30 EC @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 PE fb one HW at 20 DAS.

A Prospective Comparative Trial of Post -Operative Pulmonary Function: Laparascopic versus Open Cholecystectomy

Gall stone disease is the most common biliary pathology and has plagued the mankind for over 2000 years. Since the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference, in 1993, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced open cholecystectomy as the gold standard in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gall stone disease. The present prospective study was conducted to evaluate and compare post- operative pulmonary dysfunction following laparoscopic and open cholecytectomy. A total of 60 patients, 30 each in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy groups, respectively, were studied. Pulmonary function tests of the patients were determined by computerized spirometer, Medspiror, pre-operatively and post operatively on day 1 and day 6. Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and Mid-expiratory flow(FEF-25-75%) were determined The ultimate outcome showed a gratifying trend towards laparoscopic cholecystectomy which is discussed in detail in the article. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes significantly less impairment of post-operative pulmonary function.