The diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a single center retrospective study and literature review / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (PIMT) is a rare lung tumor that is poorly understood by clinicians. Based on the data of patients with PIMT in our center, a comprehensive search and a brief summary analysis of previous reports of the disease were carried out in this article. PIMTs were more likely to be present in male patients and in the right lung, and their clinical and radiographic findings were heterogeneous. Surgery is the most important treatment method, and complete resection is of great significance to the prognosis of patients. Targeted therapy represented by crizotinib may be helpful for patients with positive ALK mutations.

Lipoxin A4 improves erectile dysfunction in rats with type I diabetes by inhibiting oxidative stress and corporal fibrosis / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress and corporal fibrosis in penile tissues of rats were key pathological factors of erectile dysfunction induced by diabetic mellitus (DMED). Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) was reported to inhibit oxidative stress and fibrosis diseases, while whether it could exert a protective role on erectile function was not clear. Type I diabetic mellitus (DM) was induced in thirty male 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin. Ten weeks later, twenty-two rats with DMED confirmed by an apomorphine test were divided into two groups: the DMED group (n = 11) and the DMED + LXA4 group (n = 11; LXA4 injection daily for 4 weeks). In addition, another ten age-matched rats formed the Control group. We found that erectile function was significantly impaired in the DMED group compared with the Control group, but was improved in the DMED + LXA4 group. Similarly, the over-activated oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function in the DMED group were both improved in the DMED + LXA4 group. Moreover, the DMED group showed serious corporal fibrosis, which was also inhibited by the treatment of LXA4 in the DMED + LXA4 group. Taken together, LXA4 could exert an inhibition role on oxidative stress and fibrosis to improve DMED effectively.

Secondary male hypogonadism induced by sellar space-occupying lesion: Clinical analysis of 22 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To analyze the clinical characteristics of secondary male hypogonadism induced by sellar space-occupying lesion, explore its pathogenesis, and improve its diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 22 cases of secondary male hypogonadism induced by sellar space-occupying lesion, reviewed related literature, and investigated the clinical manifestation, etiological factors, and treatment methods of the disease. Hypogonadism developed in 10 of the patients before surgery and radiotherapy (group A) and in the other 12 after it (group B). The patients received endocrine therapy with Andriol (n=7) or hCG (n=15).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average diameter of the sellar space-occupying lesions was significantly longer in group A than in B (［2.35±0.71］ vs ［1.83±0.36］ cm, P<0.05) and the incidence rate of prolactinomas was markedly higher in the former than in the latter group (60% vs 0, P<0.01). The levels of lutein hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were remarkably decreased in group B after surgery and radiotherapy (P<0.01). Compared with the parameters obtained before endocrine therapy, all the patients showed significant increases after intervention with Andriol or hCG in the T level (［0.78±0.40］ vs ［2.71±0.70］ ng/ml with Andriol; ［0.93±0.44］ vs ［3.07±0.67］ ng/ml with hCG) and IIEF-5 score (5.00±2.61 vs 14.50±3.62 with Andriol; 5.36±1.82 vs 15.07±3.27 with hCG) (all P<0.01). The testis volume increased and pubic hair began to grow in those with hypoevolutism. The patients treated with hCG showed a significantly increased testis volume (P<0.01) and sperm was detected in 7 of them, whose baseline testis volume was markedly larger than those that failed to produce sperm (［11.5±2.3］ vs ［7.5±2.3］ ml, P<0.01). Those treated with Andriol exhibited no significant difference in the testis volume before and after intervention and produced no sperm, either.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Hypothyroidism might be attributed to surgery- or radiotherapy-induced damage to the pituitary tissue, space-occupying effect of sellar lesion, and hyperprolactinemia. Both Andriol and hCG can improve the T level and erectile function, but the former does not help spermatogenesis.</p>

Androgen may improve erectile function in castrated rats by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway in erectile dysfunction (ED) caused by the absence of testosterone (T).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly divided 30 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into groups A (control) , B (castration), and C (castration + androgen replacement). The rats in groups B and C were castrated surgically, and those in C injected with T undecanoate (100 mg/kg) at 1 week after castration, while the others with 0.9% normal saline instead. At 1 month after treatment, we determined the serum T level, intracavernous pressure (ICP), and mean carotid arterial pressure (MAP) of the rats, and detected the expressions of ERK1/2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The serum T level was significantly lower in group B ([1.27 ± 0.48] nmol/L) than in A ([17.14 ± 1.07] nmol/L) and C ([16.24 ± 1.90] nmol/L) (P < 0.05), and so were ICP and MAP (P < 0.05). The expression of ERK1/2 showed no statistically significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05), that of phosphatase ERK1/2 was markedly higher while that of eNOS remarkably lower in group B than in A and C (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Androgen replacement may improve the erectile function of castrated rats by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway.</p>

Differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells in vitro / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the feasibility of inducing the differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into smooth-muscle-like cells in monolayer culture in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>ADSCs were obtained from the adipose of the inguinal region of the SD rat. A growth curve of the ADSCs was drawn. The fourth passage ADSCs were induced to differentiate into adipocytes with adipogenic inducing fluid and determined by Oil Red O staining, into osteoblasts with osteogenic inducing fluid and determined by Von Kossa staining, as well as into smooth-muscle-like cells with inducing fluid containing beta-mercaptoethanol, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was detected by the immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADSCs presented spindle and polygon shapes and proliferated rapidly in vitro. The growth curve showed the ADSCs in the logarithmic growth phase two days after subculture. The fourth passage ADSCs exhibited red stained lipid droplets characteristic of adipocytes in the cytoplasm on Oil Red O staining after induction with adipogenic inducing fluid, and calcium nodes on Von Kossa staining after induction with osteogenic inducing fluid. The immunohistochemical results of the ADSCs induced into smooth-muscle-like cells showed that the positive rate of alpha-SMA in the beta-mercaptoethanol induced cells was (29.80 +/- 6.89)%, significantly higher than in the uninduced ones ([2.89 +/- 1.24]%, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADSCs displayed obvious characteristics of smooth muscle cells after induction, and could be a new source of cells in the tissue engineering studies of smooth muscle related diseases.</p>

NADPH oxidase and male erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disease in men. Oxidative stress is indicated to be one of the important mechanisms of ED. NADPH oxidase expresses and plays significant psychological functions in many human organs, including the penis. In a variety of pathophysiological conditions, NADPH oxidase causes excessive oxidative stress through overproducing reactive oxygen species in the penis, and consequently induces erectile dysfunction. This paper reviews the composition, homologues, activation and physiological functions of NADPH oxidase, its role in ED, and its application in the treatment of ED.

Cell apoptosis and male erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disease in men, especially in old men, the mechanisms of which have yet to be further investigated. Accumulating evidence indicates that one important mechanism of ED is the excessive apoptosis of erectile tissues, which can be caused by a lot of risk factors of ED and thereby reduce penile erectile function. This paper reviews the mechanisms of cell apoptosis, the role of apoptosis in ED, the relationship between apoptosis and the risk factors of ED, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cavernous nerve injury and aging.

Comparison study on the diagnosis of erectile dysfunction with color Doppler ultrasonography and nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography(CDUS) and nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA) in the assessment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and in differentiating the causes of ED.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>CDUS and NEVA were performed in the 45 patients with ED. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to their results of CDUS, and compared all parameters of NEVA between each two groups, and then studied the correlation between CDUS and NEVA in the assessment of ED.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the non-vasculogenic ED group, 17 (94.4%) patients had normal nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT); and in contrast, there were 9(75.0%) and 8(72.7%) patients with abnormal NPT in the arteriogenic and venogenic ED groups, respectively. Except that the blood volume change of penis in the venogenic ED group was significantly lower than that in the non-vasculogenic ED group (P = 0.033), there were no significant difference in the other parameters of NEVA between each two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of NEVA are well correlated with the functions of artery and venous which were indicated by CDUS. NEVA can indicate the causes of ED to some extent.</p>

Hyperlipidemia and erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Hyperlipidemia is one of the risk factors leading to erectile dysfunction (ED), a common disorder in men, especially in old men. Epidemiological studies have found that the decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevation of total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) are correlated with ED. Studies have also shown that arterial stenosis and occlusion caused by hyperlipidemia could be attributed to the advanced-stage mechanism of ED induced by hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia may damage man's erectile function at an early stage by affecting the endothelial cells and smooth muscles of the penis and the peripheral nerves for penile erection. Apart from dietary therapy and drug therapy aiming at hyperlipidemia, the traditional Chinese medicine therapy and gene therapy are two promising approaches to the treatment of ED caused by hyperlipidemia.

Correlation between abnormal serum lipid and erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To achieve the correlation between abnormal serum lipid and male erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomly selected were 200 male patients abnormal at least in one of the four laboratory items: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Their erectile function was evaluated by IIEF-5, and the correlation was studied between abnormal serum lipid and ED.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of ED was 47% in these patients. Age, coronary heart disease (CHD), high serum glucose, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), drug, hypertension were negatively, while HDL was positively correlated with erectile function. Age, CHD, BPH and TC/HDL ratio were risk factors of ED, while HDL was a preventive one.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hyperlipidemia is an important factor of ED. HDL and TC/HDL ratio are good predictors of ED.</p>

Advances in clinical application of nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring to diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Nocturnal penile tumescence is a normal physiological behavior of males. Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring is one of the most effective methods to differentiate between organic and psychological erectile dysfunctions. Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring has reportedly been applied to the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction as well as to the researches on the mechanism of nocturnal penile tumescence.